Pernio is an inflammatory skin condition which causes painful erythematous acral lesions after cold exposure
COVID toes/fingers are common skin manifestations in COVID-19 patients especially in children and young adults with mild or asymptomatic infection.
Pernio lesions can be found on 3-12% of skin on hands, fingers, feet, and toes with over 20 reported symptoms. Pernio diagnosis based on clinical findings may need biopsy for chronic cases with inflammation rule out.
Cold-induced vasculitis is a condition where blood vessels constrict in response to cold and disrupts blood flow.
Moving to a warmer environment can cause vessels to dilate too quickly and fluid leakage and skin lesions.
Pernio/chilblains is a skin condition caused due to prolonged exposure with cold and wet weather.
Epidemiology
Pernio incidence unknown due to frequent misdiagnosis. Pernio rates differ based on climate with a 10% annual incidence in England.
Cluster of pernio cases in Hong Kong during Jan-Feb resolved within weeks as weather warmed.
It is more common in women. It is most frequent in young and middle-aged women and in children.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Pernio caused by abnormal vascular response to cold in damp/humid conditions. Minor trauma can lead to pernio lesions in certain conditions.
Hyperhidrosis and low BMI linked to pernio response to vasodilators, warmth and dryness prevent pernio.
Wear warm clothing, avoid sudden temperature changes to reduce chance of developing pernio.
Etiology
The causes of pernio are:
Cold Exposure
Poor Circulation
Age and gender
Immune System Dysfunction
Genetic and Environmental Factors
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Annual recurrences in cold weather may expose connective-tissue disease in patients with chronic pernio.
Most pernio cases resolve naturally without complications. Pernio can progress to blisters, ulcers, and scarring.
Severe cases need medical help to longer recovery or chronic skin issues with poor long-term outcomes.
Younger people usually have better outcomes due to skin and vascular health.
Clinical History
Clinical History:
Collect details such as presenting symptoms, progression of symptoms, and medical history to know clinical history of patient.
Pernio is an inflammatory skin condition which causes painful erythematous acral lesions after cold exposure
COVID toes/fingers are common skin manifestations in COVID-19 patients especially in children and young adults with mild or asymptomatic infection.
Pernio lesions can be found on 3-12% of skin on hands, fingers, feet, and toes with over 20 reported symptoms. Pernio diagnosis based on clinical findings may need biopsy for chronic cases with inflammation rule out.
Cold-induced vasculitis is a condition where blood vessels constrict in response to cold and disrupts blood flow.
Moving to a warmer environment can cause vessels to dilate too quickly and fluid leakage and skin lesions.
Pernio/chilblains is a skin condition caused due to prolonged exposure with cold and wet weather.
Pernio incidence unknown due to frequent misdiagnosis. Pernio rates differ based on climate with a 10% annual incidence in England.
Cluster of pernio cases in Hong Kong during Jan-Feb resolved within weeks as weather warmed.
It is more common in women. It is most frequent in young and middle-aged women and in children.
Pernio caused by abnormal vascular response to cold in damp/humid conditions. Minor trauma can lead to pernio lesions in certain conditions.
Hyperhidrosis and low BMI linked to pernio response to vasodilators, warmth and dryness prevent pernio.
Wear warm clothing, avoid sudden temperature changes to reduce chance of developing pernio.
The causes of pernio are:
Cold Exposure
Poor Circulation
Age and gender
Immune System Dysfunction
Genetic and Environmental Factors
Annual recurrences in cold weather may expose connective-tissue disease in patients with chronic pernio.
Most pernio cases resolve naturally without complications. Pernio can progress to blisters, ulcers, and scarring.
Severe cases need medical help to longer recovery or chronic skin issues with poor long-term outcomes.
Younger people usually have better outcomes due to skin and vascular health.
Clinical History:
Collect details such as presenting symptoms, progression of symptoms, and medical history to know clinical history of patient.
Pernio is an inflammatory skin condition which causes painful erythematous acral lesions after cold exposure
COVID toes/fingers are common skin manifestations in COVID-19 patients especially in children and young adults with mild or asymptomatic infection.
Pernio lesions can be found on 3-12% of skin on hands, fingers, feet, and toes with over 20 reported symptoms. Pernio diagnosis based on clinical findings may need biopsy for chronic cases with inflammation rule out.
Cold-induced vasculitis is a condition where blood vessels constrict in response to cold and disrupts blood flow.
Moving to a warmer environment can cause vessels to dilate too quickly and fluid leakage and skin lesions.
Pernio/chilblains is a skin condition caused due to prolonged exposure with cold and wet weather.
Pernio incidence unknown due to frequent misdiagnosis. Pernio rates differ based on climate with a 10% annual incidence in England.
Cluster of pernio cases in Hong Kong during Jan-Feb resolved within weeks as weather warmed.
It is more common in women. It is most frequent in young and middle-aged women and in children.
Pernio caused by abnormal vascular response to cold in damp/humid conditions. Minor trauma can lead to pernio lesions in certain conditions.
Hyperhidrosis and low BMI linked to pernio response to vasodilators, warmth and dryness prevent pernio.
Wear warm clothing, avoid sudden temperature changes to reduce chance of developing pernio.
The causes of pernio are:
Cold Exposure
Poor Circulation
Age and gender
Immune System Dysfunction
Genetic and Environmental Factors
Annual recurrences in cold weather may expose connective-tissue disease in patients with chronic pernio.
Most pernio cases resolve naturally without complications. Pernio can progress to blisters, ulcers, and scarring.
Severe cases need medical help to longer recovery or chronic skin issues with poor long-term outcomes.
Younger people usually have better outcomes due to skin and vascular health.
Clinical History:
Collect details such as presenting symptoms, progression of symptoms, and medical history to know clinical history of patient.
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