The pituitary gland is often regarded as the master gland because it governs hormonal equilibrium. The hypophysis is found in the sella turcica, which is located behind the sphenoid bone. The anterior pituitary part, which is composed of glandular tissue, and the posterior pituitary part, which is composed of neural tissue, are the two parts of the pituitary gland.
The pituitary stalk, which includes the portal vein for the anterior pituitary and neural linkage for the posterior pituitary, connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus secretes hormones that govern the anterior pituitary gland, whereas the hypothalamus produces posterior pituitary secretions, which are then kept in the posterior pituitary for discharge.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone, and prolactin are six hormones generated and secreted by the anterior pituitary (GH). The hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are housed in the posterior pituitary (ADH).
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus regulates the release of LH and FSH, while corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) regulates the secretion of ACTH hormone. TSH is produced when the hypothalamus stimulates it with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).
The hypothalamic hormones that control GH discharge are controlled by 2 hormones: growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), which increases the discharge, and somatostatin, which retard it. Dopamine release from the hypothalamus inhibits the discharge of prolactin. Pituitary gland cancers are usually benign and rarely malignant.
Depending on whether hormones are produced, pituitary tumors can be functional or non-functional. Depending on the hormone secreted by cancer, it might induce various symptoms. Depending on the symptomology, etiology, and presentation, a range of treatment options, including medicinal, radiological, and surgical, are available.
Epidemiology
The prevalence of pituitary cancers is mostly determined through demographic studies, which are often contradictory. The prevalence of pituitary cancers was shown to be inconsistent in recent 15-year research.
Between 1992 and 2007, total pituitary adenomas had a rate of 4.0, lactotroph adenomas had a rate of 2.2, non-functioning adenomas had a rate of 1.0, and somatotroph adenomas had a rate of 0.34. Corticotroph adenomas had a rate of 0.17.
This is a clear debate, as past prevalence studies have been skewed by at least a 4-fold variation in disease prevalence. Age and gender appear to have statistically insignificant relationships with pituitary tumor prevalence and incidence.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of pituitary tumors is genetically linked, although many of the mutations are idiopathic, necessitating more study and investigations.
Ongoing efforts are to link specific gene mutations like AIP, MEN1, and Gs-alpha to certain diseases. These genetic alterations are still being studied to determine causality rather than association.
Etiology
The specific cause of a pituitary gland tumor is unknown; however, genetic anomalies and mutations are most likely to blame. A higher incidence of pituitary tumors is linked to some genetic disorders.
Multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN)-1 syndrome, for example, is frequently linked to pituitary gland disorders, such as pituitary adenomas. Non-hereditary acquired gene mutations, such as AIP and GNAS1 gene mutations, could be another reason.
Because no environmental or lifestyle changes have been connected to the development of this rare tumor, there is currently no preventative advice.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Compared to other neurohormonal cancers, the general prognosis of pituitary tumors is still favorable. Five years after diagnosis, the survival rate is around 82 percent. Treatments for tumors that are treated according to their appearance are usually curative.
Although hormonal modulation causes morbidity, it does not affect survival or quality of life. Hypersecreting adenomas have a prolonged duration that necessitates constant monitoring of symptoms and re-imaging throughout life. They gain from the methods mentioned earlier in retreatment.
Due to an inadequate response to initial medication, 18% of adenomas and 25% of prolactinomas with hyposecretory tumors require additional treatment. In the case of adenomas, HRT after excision can last a lifetime.
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
Future Trends
Media Gallary
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559099/
News
Silicosis Cases Soar Among Young California Workers
Posted on
News
Brain Insulin Sensitivity Linked to Menstrual Cycle Phases
The pituitary gland is often regarded as the master gland because it governs hormonal equilibrium. The hypophysis is found in the sella turcica, which is located behind the sphenoid bone. The anterior pituitary part, which is composed of glandular tissue, and the posterior pituitary part, which is composed of neural tissue, are the two parts of the pituitary gland.
The pituitary stalk, which includes the portal vein for the anterior pituitary and neural linkage for the posterior pituitary, connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus secretes hormones that govern the anterior pituitary gland, whereas the hypothalamus produces posterior pituitary secretions, which are then kept in the posterior pituitary for discharge.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone, and prolactin are six hormones generated and secreted by the anterior pituitary (GH). The hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are housed in the posterior pituitary (ADH).
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus regulates the release of LH and FSH, while corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) regulates the secretion of ACTH hormone. TSH is produced when the hypothalamus stimulates it with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).
The hypothalamic hormones that control GH discharge are controlled by 2 hormones: growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), which increases the discharge, and somatostatin, which retard it. Dopamine release from the hypothalamus inhibits the discharge of prolactin. Pituitary gland cancers are usually benign and rarely malignant.
Depending on whether hormones are produced, pituitary tumors can be functional or non-functional. Depending on the hormone secreted by cancer, it might induce various symptoms. Depending on the symptomology, etiology, and presentation, a range of treatment options, including medicinal, radiological, and surgical, are available.
The prevalence of pituitary cancers is mostly determined through demographic studies, which are often contradictory. The prevalence of pituitary cancers was shown to be inconsistent in recent 15-year research.
Between 1992 and 2007, total pituitary adenomas had a rate of 4.0, lactotroph adenomas had a rate of 2.2, non-functioning adenomas had a rate of 1.0, and somatotroph adenomas had a rate of 0.34. Corticotroph adenomas had a rate of 0.17.
This is a clear debate, as past prevalence studies have been skewed by at least a 4-fold variation in disease prevalence. Age and gender appear to have statistically insignificant relationships with pituitary tumor prevalence and incidence.
The pathophysiology of pituitary tumors is genetically linked, although many of the mutations are idiopathic, necessitating more study and investigations.
Ongoing efforts are to link specific gene mutations like AIP, MEN1, and Gs-alpha to certain diseases. These genetic alterations are still being studied to determine causality rather than association.
The specific cause of a pituitary gland tumor is unknown; however, genetic anomalies and mutations are most likely to blame. A higher incidence of pituitary tumors is linked to some genetic disorders.
Multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN)-1 syndrome, for example, is frequently linked to pituitary gland disorders, such as pituitary adenomas. Non-hereditary acquired gene mutations, such as AIP and GNAS1 gene mutations, could be another reason.
Because no environmental or lifestyle changes have been connected to the development of this rare tumor, there is currently no preventative advice.
Compared to other neurohormonal cancers, the general prognosis of pituitary tumors is still favorable. Five years after diagnosis, the survival rate is around 82 percent. Treatments for tumors that are treated according to their appearance are usually curative.
Although hormonal modulation causes morbidity, it does not affect survival or quality of life. Hypersecreting adenomas have a prolonged duration that necessitates constant monitoring of symptoms and re-imaging throughout life. They gain from the methods mentioned earlier in retreatment.
Due to an inadequate response to initial medication, 18% of adenomas and 25% of prolactinomas with hyposecretory tumors require additional treatment. In the case of adenomas, HRT after excision can last a lifetime.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559099/
medtigo
Pituitary adenoma
Updated :
September 5, 2023
The pituitary gland is often regarded as the master gland because it governs hormonal equilibrium. The hypophysis is found in the sella turcica, which is located behind the sphenoid bone. The anterior pituitary part, which is composed of glandular tissue, and the posterior pituitary part, which is composed of neural tissue, are the two parts of the pituitary gland.
The pituitary stalk, which includes the portal vein for the anterior pituitary and neural linkage for the posterior pituitary, connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus secretes hormones that govern the anterior pituitary gland, whereas the hypothalamus produces posterior pituitary secretions, which are then kept in the posterior pituitary for discharge.
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), growth hormone, and prolactin are six hormones generated and secreted by the anterior pituitary (GH). The hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone are housed in the posterior pituitary (ADH).
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus regulates the release of LH and FSH, while corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) regulates the secretion of ACTH hormone. TSH is produced when the hypothalamus stimulates it with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).
The hypothalamic hormones that control GH discharge are controlled by 2 hormones: growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), which increases the discharge, and somatostatin, which retard it. Dopamine release from the hypothalamus inhibits the discharge of prolactin. Pituitary gland cancers are usually benign and rarely malignant.
Depending on whether hormones are produced, pituitary tumors can be functional or non-functional. Depending on the hormone secreted by cancer, it might induce various symptoms. Depending on the symptomology, etiology, and presentation, a range of treatment options, including medicinal, radiological, and surgical, are available.
The prevalence of pituitary cancers is mostly determined through demographic studies, which are often contradictory. The prevalence of pituitary cancers was shown to be inconsistent in recent 15-year research.
Between 1992 and 2007, total pituitary adenomas had a rate of 4.0, lactotroph adenomas had a rate of 2.2, non-functioning adenomas had a rate of 1.0, and somatotroph adenomas had a rate of 0.34. Corticotroph adenomas had a rate of 0.17.
This is a clear debate, as past prevalence studies have been skewed by at least a 4-fold variation in disease prevalence. Age and gender appear to have statistically insignificant relationships with pituitary tumor prevalence and incidence.
The pathophysiology of pituitary tumors is genetically linked, although many of the mutations are idiopathic, necessitating more study and investigations.
Ongoing efforts are to link specific gene mutations like AIP, MEN1, and Gs-alpha to certain diseases. These genetic alterations are still being studied to determine causality rather than association.
The specific cause of a pituitary gland tumor is unknown; however, genetic anomalies and mutations are most likely to blame. A higher incidence of pituitary tumors is linked to some genetic disorders.
Multiple endocrine neoplasias (MEN)-1 syndrome, for example, is frequently linked to pituitary gland disorders, such as pituitary adenomas. Non-hereditary acquired gene mutations, such as AIP and GNAS1 gene mutations, could be another reason.
Because no environmental or lifestyle changes have been connected to the development of this rare tumor, there is currently no preventative advice.
Compared to other neurohormonal cancers, the general prognosis of pituitary tumors is still favorable. Five years after diagnosis, the survival rate is around 82 percent. Treatments for tumors that are treated according to their appearance are usually curative.
Although hormonal modulation causes morbidity, it does not affect survival or quality of life. Hypersecreting adenomas have a prolonged duration that necessitates constant monitoring of symptoms and re-imaging throughout life. They gain from the methods mentioned earlier in retreatment.
Due to an inadequate response to initial medication, 18% of adenomas and 25% of prolactinomas with hyposecretory tumors require additional treatment. In the case of adenomas, HRT after excision can last a lifetime.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559099/
Free CME credits
Both our subscription plans include Free CME/CPD AMA PRA Category 1 credits.
Digital Certificate PDF
On course completion, you will receive a full-sized presentation quality digital certificate.
medtigo Simulation
A dynamic medical simulation platform designed to train healthcare professionals and students to effectively run code situations through an immersive hands-on experience in a live, interactive 3D environment.
medtigo Points
medtigo points is our unique point redemption system created to award users for interacting on our site. These points can be redeemed for special discounts on the medtigo marketplace as well as towards the membership cost itself.
Community Forum post/reply = 5 points
*Redemption of points can occur only through the medtigo marketplace, courses, or simulation system. Money will not be credited to your bank account. 10 points = $1.
All Your Certificates in One Place
When you have your licenses, certificates and CMEs in one place, it's easier to track your career growth. You can easily share these with hospitals as well, using your medtigo app.
