Effectiveness of Tai Chi vs Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
November 27, 2025
Background
Epidemiology
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
250 - 500
mg
Orally 
every 6 hrs
till the patient becomes afebrile for 2 days
pneumococcal vaccine polyvalentÂ
0.5
ml
Solution
Intramuscular (IM)
one time only
It is recommended for use in active immunization to prevent pneumococcal disease, which is caused by the vaccine's 23 serotypes.
Age >12 years:
250 - 500
mg
Orally 
every 6 hrs
till the patient becomes afebrile for a period of 2 days
Indicated for Pneumococcal infections of respiratory tract, otitis media
Age 6-12 years
250 mg orally four times a day
Age 1-5 years
125 mg orally four times a day
Age <1 year
62.5 mg orally four times a day
Recurrent rheumatic fever as Prophylaxis
Age 6-12 years
250 mg orally four times a day
Age 1-5 years
125 mg orally four times a day
Age <1 year
62.5 mg orally four times a day
Susceptible infections
Age 6-12 years
250 mg orally four times a day
Age 1-5 years
125 mg orally four times a day
Age <1 year
62.5 mg orally four times a day
pneumococcal 7-valent vaccineÂ
Indicated for pneumococcal disease prophylaxis
Age 2 month-6 month: Administer 0.5 ml intramuscularly; give each three doses for eight weeks, which is continued with a fourth dose administered between 12-15 months
Age 7 month-12 month: Administer 0.5 mL intramuscularly with a minimum of four weeks between the first and second doses, continued by a third dose at the age of one year, with an eight-week gap between the second and third doses Individuals who have previously been administered 1-2 doses of the conjugate vaccine but have not completed the full regimen should be administered with a 0.5 mL intramuscular (IM) injection, continued by an additional dose after a minimum of eight weeks when they reach the age of 12-15 months
Age 1 year-2 years: Administer 0.5 mL intramuscularly with a minimum interval of eight weeks between doses Individuals who were administered a single vaccine dose prior to reaching the age of twelve months but have not yet finished the full vaccination regimen should be administered a 0.5 mL dose, continued by a second dose with a minimum of eight weeks Individuals who have earlier been administered two doses of the vaccine before reaching age of twelve months should be administered a 0.5 mL dose after a minimum of eight weeks have passed since their most recent vaccination
Age 2 years-5 years: Administering 0.5 mL as one dosage is recommended for patients who have initiated the vaccination process but experienced a lapse, a 0.5 mL one dose is advised in that case Individuals suffering from chronic illnesses or those with weakened immune systems the recommended dosage consists of two administrations, each with 0.5 ml with an interval of no less than eight weeks between them
Children with sickle cell/HIV infection, asplenia/immunocompromised/chronic illness: Administer 0.5 mL intramuscularly (IM) in two separate doses, with a minimum interval of at least eight weeks between each dose
Polysaccharide Vaccine: Age 2 years: Administer 0.5 ml subcutaneously or intramuscularly earlier vaccinated with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: Immunocompromised patients/sickle cell anemia/HIV/aplasia:
Inject 0.5 mL either intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously A follow-up vaccination is recommended after a period exceeding 5 years, and it should not be administered within a span of less than three years
chronic illness patients: Administer 0.5 mL via intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous injection Revaccination is not advised Following transplant of bone marrow:
Administer 0.5 mL via intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous injection at the twelve & twenty four month intervals post-transplantation
pneumococcal vaccine polyvalentÂ
0.5
ml
Intramuscular (IM)
one time only
Less than two years of age:
Safety study is not established
More than two years of age:
0.5ml intramuscular or subcutaneous, one time
Future Trends
References

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