Radiation enteritis is caused by radiation damage to the small or large intestines. This syndrome has been described using several terminologies, such as radiation mucositis, radiation colitis, radiation enteropathy, and pelvic radiation illness.
An alternative term for the involvement of the rectum and sigmoid colon is radiation proctitis. Many malignancies are treated with radiotherapy. The chronic form typically appears three months to 30 years following therapy.
Epidemiology
Radiation enteritis is relatively prevalent; studies have shown that 90% of people who receive pelvic radiotherapy have a lasting change in bowel habits. Some evidence suggests that it is more common in people undergoing radiation therapy for gynecological and gastrointestinal cancers than in persons undergoing radiation therapy for urological tumors. Chronic radiation enteritis affects 5 to 55% of individuals after radiotherapy.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Radiation enteritis is believed to be caused by repeated damage to the intestinal mucosa induced by ionizing radiation and its complex healing mechanism. Reactive ions are produced when normal tissues are exposed to radiation, interacting with intracellular water molecules to generate radicals such as hydroxyl and other free radicals.
These radicals are responsible for cell death and DNA breakage. Radiation exposure causes the stimulation of genes responsible for the translation of transforming growth factors. This activation promotes fibrosis by stimulating collagen and fibronectin genes. Tissues that proliferate rapidly are vulnerable to radiation, so cell membrane rupture is also responsible for the observed cell death.
Small intestine epithelial cells are more radiosensitive than rectum and colon epithelial cells. According to research, the presence of Bcl2 in the rectum is the cause of this distinction. The most common pathologic alterations in the intestinal epithelium are obliterative endarteritis and fibrosis.
Etiology
Radiation enteritis is an unpreventable side effect of radiotherapy, but its severity varies greatly depending on the gut’s duration, dosage, and sensitivity to radiation. Radiation enteritis is usually only brief, with the inflammation decreasing a few weeks following treatment.
Radiation enteritis might last for months or years after radiation therapy is completed. Complications of chronic radiation enteritis include diarrhea, anemia, and intestinal blockage.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Radiation enteritis has been demonstrated to be affected by various circumstances, including the dose of radiation, previous abdominal surgery, BMI, hypertension, and diabetes, which are examples of comorbid conditions.
According to statistics, many patients who undergo surgery for radiotherapy-induced gut damage die from their original malignancy within two years. Without a return of cancer, the 5-year survival rate is over 70%.
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
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Future Trends
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References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526032/
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Radiation enteritis is caused by radiation damage to the small or large intestines. This syndrome has been described using several terminologies, such as radiation mucositis, radiation colitis, radiation enteropathy, and pelvic radiation illness.
An alternative term for the involvement of the rectum and sigmoid colon is radiation proctitis. Many malignancies are treated with radiotherapy. The chronic form typically appears three months to 30 years following therapy.
Radiation enteritis is relatively prevalent; studies have shown that 90% of people who receive pelvic radiotherapy have a lasting change in bowel habits. Some evidence suggests that it is more common in people undergoing radiation therapy for gynecological and gastrointestinal cancers than in persons undergoing radiation therapy for urological tumors. Chronic radiation enteritis affects 5 to 55% of individuals after radiotherapy.
Radiation enteritis is believed to be caused by repeated damage to the intestinal mucosa induced by ionizing radiation and its complex healing mechanism. Reactive ions are produced when normal tissues are exposed to radiation, interacting with intracellular water molecules to generate radicals such as hydroxyl and other free radicals.
These radicals are responsible for cell death and DNA breakage. Radiation exposure causes the stimulation of genes responsible for the translation of transforming growth factors. This activation promotes fibrosis by stimulating collagen and fibronectin genes. Tissues that proliferate rapidly are vulnerable to radiation, so cell membrane rupture is also responsible for the observed cell death.
Small intestine epithelial cells are more radiosensitive than rectum and colon epithelial cells. According to research, the presence of Bcl2 in the rectum is the cause of this distinction. The most common pathologic alterations in the intestinal epithelium are obliterative endarteritis and fibrosis.
Radiation enteritis is an unpreventable side effect of radiotherapy, but its severity varies greatly depending on the gut’s duration, dosage, and sensitivity to radiation. Radiation enteritis is usually only brief, with the inflammation decreasing a few weeks following treatment.
Radiation enteritis might last for months or years after radiation therapy is completed. Complications of chronic radiation enteritis include diarrhea, anemia, and intestinal blockage.
Radiation enteritis has been demonstrated to be affected by various circumstances, including the dose of radiation, previous abdominal surgery, BMI, hypertension, and diabetes, which are examples of comorbid conditions.
According to statistics, many patients who undergo surgery for radiotherapy-induced gut damage die from their original malignancy within two years. Without a return of cancer, the 5-year survival rate is over 70%.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526032/
medtigo
Radiation Enteritis
Updated :
November 17, 2022
Radiation enteritis is caused by radiation damage to the small or large intestines. This syndrome has been described using several terminologies, such as radiation mucositis, radiation colitis, radiation enteropathy, and pelvic radiation illness.
An alternative term for the involvement of the rectum and sigmoid colon is radiation proctitis. Many malignancies are treated with radiotherapy. The chronic form typically appears three months to 30 years following therapy.
Radiation enteritis is relatively prevalent; studies have shown that 90% of people who receive pelvic radiotherapy have a lasting change in bowel habits. Some evidence suggests that it is more common in people undergoing radiation therapy for gynecological and gastrointestinal cancers than in persons undergoing radiation therapy for urological tumors. Chronic radiation enteritis affects 5 to 55% of individuals after radiotherapy.
Radiation enteritis is believed to be caused by repeated damage to the intestinal mucosa induced by ionizing radiation and its complex healing mechanism. Reactive ions are produced when normal tissues are exposed to radiation, interacting with intracellular water molecules to generate radicals such as hydroxyl and other free radicals.
These radicals are responsible for cell death and DNA breakage. Radiation exposure causes the stimulation of genes responsible for the translation of transforming growth factors. This activation promotes fibrosis by stimulating collagen and fibronectin genes. Tissues that proliferate rapidly are vulnerable to radiation, so cell membrane rupture is also responsible for the observed cell death.
Small intestine epithelial cells are more radiosensitive than rectum and colon epithelial cells. According to research, the presence of Bcl2 in the rectum is the cause of this distinction. The most common pathologic alterations in the intestinal epithelium are obliterative endarteritis and fibrosis.
Radiation enteritis is an unpreventable side effect of radiotherapy, but its severity varies greatly depending on the gut’s duration, dosage, and sensitivity to radiation. Radiation enteritis is usually only brief, with the inflammation decreasing a few weeks following treatment.
Radiation enteritis might last for months or years after radiation therapy is completed. Complications of chronic radiation enteritis include diarrhea, anemia, and intestinal blockage.
Radiation enteritis has been demonstrated to be affected by various circumstances, including the dose of radiation, previous abdominal surgery, BMI, hypertension, and diabetes, which are examples of comorbid conditions.
According to statistics, many patients who undergo surgery for radiotherapy-induced gut damage die from their original malignancy within two years. Without a return of cancer, the 5-year survival rate is over 70%.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526032/
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