Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
Background
Epidemiology
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
Indicated in TPN patients, supplementation:
20 - 120
mcg/day
4
g
Orally 
3 times a day added to 4-8 ounces of food
100 - 200
mcg/day
Orally with food
trimagnesium citrate anhydrousÂ
Indicated for magnesium supplementation
The recommended dosage of elemental magnesium (Mg) is 243-486 mg per day when taken orally
If the daily dosage is 486 mg, it should be administered in two separate doses, with a time interval of 4-8 hours between each dose
Indicated for magnesium supplementation
mag-Ox tablets should be taken orally once daily, with a recommended dosage of 1-2 tablets per day
Uro-mag capsules should also be taken orally once daily, with a recommended dosage of 1-5 capsules per day
Suggested Dosing
Oral solution (granules)
Take 122 mg elemental mg/packet
Enteric coated (tablet)
Take 61 mg elemental mg/packet
Magnesium supplementation
19 to 30 years
For females: 310 mg daily
For lactation: 310 mg daily
For pregnant females: 350 mg daily
For males: 400 mg daily
>30 years
For females: 320 mg daily
For pregnant females: 360 mg daily
For lactation: 320 mg daily
For males: 420 mg daily
OTC Supplement
It is in available salt form
Dissolve 1 packet in juice or water up to three times daily
Recommended daily allowance (RDA)
18 mg daily for Pregnant women
17 mg daily for Breastfeeding
Males: ≥19 years: 16 mg daily
Females: ≥19 years: 14 mg daily
Administer 12 grams orally at intervals of every 4 to 6 hours
Take 5 to 10 ml of liquid on first day
Take initial dose of 2 to 4 tablets on first day
Reduce intake if loose stool persists and titrate to higher dose until stool softens and remains soft
Renal Impairment
Creatinine clearance values <30 mL/min: decrease dose and monitor for hypermagnesemia
Indicated for Supplementation for Nutrition
Age 16-70 years
600 international units (IU) (i.e.,15 mcg) in a day
Lactating women/pregnant women:
600 international units (IU) (i.e.,15 mcg) in a day
Osteoporosis
Age >50 years
800-1000 international units (IU) (i.e.,20-25 mcg) orally one time a day with calcium supplementation
Hypoparathyroidism
50,000-two lakh international units (IU) (i.e.,0.625 mg-5 mg) orally one time a day with calcium supplementation
Rickets (vitamin D-Resistant)
12,000- 5 lakh international units (IU) (i.e.,0.3 mg-12.5 mg) orally one time a day
Familial Hypophosphatemia
10,000-60,000 international units (IU) (i.e.,0.25 mg-1.5 mg) orally one time a day with phosphate supplementation
Consider taking 500 mg or higher doses of supplemental hesperidin
if using hesperidin as an everyday preventive measure, ensure using the standard formulation
vitamins/minerals/omega-3 Fatty acidsÂ
Take one to two capsules orally daily
The dose of Cr (VI) is 1 to 3 grams
pregnancy :
1 to 10 tablets every day
Indicated for nutritional supplements
In vivo, data suggests taking a day dose of 10 mg to 60 mg orally daily
Indicated for nutritional supplementation
The oral administration dose is 50 mg/150 mg a day
The treatment duration is four weeks
As a daily supplement accompanying nutrient intake for the average healthy adult, it proves to be better across a wide range of doses
An optimal and effective dose range for oral consumption to enhance nutrient bioavailability falls between 0.0004-0.15 mg/kg/day
For general oral use in healthy individuals, the recommended daily dose is approximately 5 mg per person
The suggested amount may be increased to up to 15 mg per person per day in cases of clinically proven nutritional deficiencies; this should be done in doses divided, specifically 5 mg with 6-hour intervals (morning, noon, and evening)
For formulations intended for topical or parenteral use to facilitate the crossing of biological barriers, the essential ingredient in the compositions of this invention is piperine at a concentration of 0.00004-0.015 mg/kg of body weight
The nutritional materials utilized are applied in amounts deemed nutritionally effective
Dose Adjustments
Limited data is available
A dose of 15 mcg taken orally daily
Indicated for vitamin and calcium supplement
The suggested dose is 1 tablet orally a day
Indicated as vitamins and supplements
Rich in vitamin A, fiber, and protein, the fruit is usually utilized for diverse functions, such as diabetes control and wound recovery
Take 2 capsules orally once daily
Indicated as Nutritional supplementation
In vivo, data suggests taking a day dose of 10 mg to 60 mg orally daily
(Off-label):
To make the tea, add two teaspoons (4.0 g) to 1 liter of boiled or distilled water
Simmer on high heat for 5 minutes, then keep on simmer for an additional 20 minutes
After 15 minutes of covered steeping, strain
Drink several times a day, and use only glass or heat-resistant dishes—avoid metal
(Off-label):
This herb is often considered a blood cleanser, contributing to overall detoxification processes
Traditionally, 2 to 4 teaspoons of fresh root or 2 to 4 grams of dried root in a tea, three times daily, is advised, with a maximum period of 8 to 10 days, even if exact dose recommendations lack strong clinical backing
Take one capsule orally daily
Males- 400 mcg orally every day
Females- 400-800 mcg orally every day
Pregnant women- 600 mcg orally every day
Nursing women- 500 mcg orally every day
Upper limit-1 mg orally every day
Indicated for Poison ivy rashes
:
Apply the extract topically over the affected areas of the skin
Indications: Conventionally, it is known to relieve postpartum joint pain, swelling, and bruises, promote blood flow, etc.
Age <6 months:
15 mcg daily
Age 6-12 months:
20 mcg daily
Age 1-3 years:
20 mcg daily
Age 4-8 years:
30 mcg daily
Age 8-13 years:
40 mcg daily
Age 13-18 years:
55 mcg daily
Used as calcium supplementation
For 0-6 months old, 210 mg orally divided every 2-3 times a day
For 7-12 months old, 270 mg orally divided every 2-3 times a day
For 1-3 years old, 500 mg orally divided every 2-3 times a day
For 4-8 years old, 800 mg orally divided every 2-3 times a day
For 9-18 years, 1300 mg orally divided every 2-3 times a day
Indicated for calcium supplementation
For 0-6 months old, 210 mg orally divided every 2-3 times a day
For 7-12 months old, 270 mg orally divided every 2-3 times a day
For 1-3 years old, 500 mg orally divided every 2-3 times a day
For 4-8 years old, 800 mg orally divided every 2-3 times a day
For 9-18 years, 1300 mg orally divided every 2-3 times a day
Suggested Dosing
Oral solution (granules)
Take 122 mg elemental mg/packet
Enteric coated (tablet)
Take 61 mg elemental mg/packet
Magnesium Supplementation
<6 months: 30 mg daily
6 to 12 months: 75 mg daily
1 to 3 years: 80 mg daily
3 to 8 years: 130 mg daily
8 to 13 years: 240 mg daily
Adolescent girls
13 to 18 years: 360 mg daily
Pregnant: 400 mg daily
Lactating: 360 mg daily
Adolescent boys between 13 to 18 years: 410 mg daily
RDA (Recommended daily allowance)
2 mg daily for 0 to 6 months
3 mg daily for 6 to 12 months
8 mg daily for 4 to 9 years
6 mg daily for 1 to 4 years
12 mg daily for 9 to 14 years
14 to 18 years: 16 mg daily for boys; 14 mg daily for girls
Administer oral doses divided throughout the day at a rate of 1 gram/10 pounds of body weight each day
For <6 months:
Take dose of 30 mg in a day
For 6 to 12 months:
Take dose of 75 mg in a day
For 1 to 3 years:
Take dose of 80 mg in a day
For 3 to 8 years:
Take dose of 130 mg in a day
For 8 to 13 years:
Take dose of 240 mg in a day
For 13 to 18 years (Adolescent boys):
Take dose of 410 mg in a day
For 13 to 18 years (Adolescent girls):
Take dose of 360 mg in a day
For Pregnant women:
Take dose of 400 mg in a day
For Lactating women:
Take dose of 360 mg in a day
Renal Impairment
Creatinine clearance values <30 mL/min: decrease dose and monitor for hypermagnesemia
Indicated for Supplementation for Nutrition
Age 1-18 years
600 international units (IU) (i.e.,15 mcg) in a day
Age <1 year
400 international units (IU) (i.e.,10 mcg) in a day
Rickets (vitamin D-Resistant)
12,000- 5 lakh international units (IU) (i.e.,0.3 mg-12.5 mg) orally one time a day
Familial Hypophosphatemia
40,000-80,000 international units (IU) (i.e.,1 mg-2 mg) orally one time a day with phosphate supplementation, which may be decreased following the stage of growth is complete
vitamins/minerals/omega-3 Fatty acidsÂ
For 13 to 18 years old:
Take a one capsule orally daily
For >11 years old:
Take 2 capsules orally once daily
0-6 months- 65 mcg orally every day
7-12 months- 80 mcg orally every day
1-4 years- 150 mcg orally every day
4-9 years- 200 mcg orally every day
9-14 years-300 mcg orally every day
14-18 years- 400 mcg orally every day
Upper limit-300 mcg orally every day (1-4 years); 400 mcg orally every day (4-8years)
Indicated for Supplementation for Nutrition
Age <70 years
600 international units (IU) (i.e.,15 mcg) in a day
Age >70 years
800 international units (IU) (i.e.,20 mcg) in a day
Usual Geriatric Dose for Vitamin/Mineral Supplementation:
For adults who are 70 years and older, the US Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin D increases to 20 mcg (800 international units) per day, with a Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 100 mcg (4000 international units)
Dose Adjustments
Limited data is available
Future Trends
References

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