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Brand Name :
Elixir, Hycet, Lorcet, Lortab, Norco, Anexsia, Zamicet, Vicodin ES
Synonyms :
hydrocodone/acetaminophen
Class :
Antiplatelet agents; Glycoprotein receptor antagonists
Dosage forms & Strengths:
Adult:
Oral solution:
(7.5/325) mg per 15 ml
(10/300) mg per 15 ml
Tablet:
(2.5/325) mg
(5/300) mg
(7.5/300) mg
(10/300) mg
Hydrocodone decreases synaptic chemical transmission throughout the CNS to inhibit pain sensation into high centre.
As per FDA, the mechanism of action of acetaminophen is not established.
Frequency undefined:
Circulatory collapse
Hallucinations
Histamine release
Urinary tract spasm
Bradycardia
Dizziness
Confusion
Coma
Fatigue
Hypotension
Dysphoria
Euphoria
Light-headedness
Lethargy
Stupor
Mood changes
Mental clouding
Nausea
Weakness
Vomiting
Peptic ulcer
Respiratory depression
Hydrocodone causes severe fatal respiratory depression during the therapy. Prolonged opioid use in pregnancy may cause neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.
Hydrocodone/acetaminophen is contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to the formulation’s active ingredient and other excipients.
Pregnancy consideration:
No clear data is available.
Breastfeeding warnings:
Use the drug during breastfeeding only if it is much needed.
Pregnancy category:
Hydrocodone binds strongly to mu opioid receptors and affects delta opioid receptors. The activation of mu receptors in pain-relieving effects to activate potassium channels.
Acetaminophen inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 that increase pain threshold to block prostaglandin synthesis and pain sensations.
Pharmacodynamics:
Hydrocodone acts on MOR in PAG to reduce GABAergic tone on medulla-spinal neurons. This activation allows to inhibit pain signalling in secondary afferent.
Acetaminophen does not interfere with uric acid secretion or acid-base balance at recommended doses or platelet aggregation.
Pharmacokinetic:
Metabolism:
It is metabolized in the liver through CYP2D6, glucuronidation and sulfate conjugation.
Excretion and elimination:
It is excreted through urinary route.
Half-life:
For Hydrocodone: 3.3 to 4.4 hours
For Acetaminophen: 2 to 4 hours
It is taken orally in tablet and solution form.
Generic Name: hydrocodone/acetaminophen
Why do we use hydrocodone/acetaminophen?
Hydrocodone/acetaminophen is a combination drug belongs to analgesic class used in treatment of moderate to severe pain.