Effectiveness of Tai Chi vs Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
November 27, 2025
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Brand Name :
N/A
Synonyms :
aroxybutynin/atomoxetine
Class :
Antispasmodics, Adrenergic uptake inhibitors, Cholinergic receptor antagonists, Muscarinic receptor antagonists
Brand Name :
N/A
Synonyms :
aroxybutynin/atomoxetine
Class :
Antispasmodics, Adrenergic uptake inhibitors, Cholinergic receptor antagonists, Muscarinic receptor antagonists
Dosage Forms & Strengths
It is used for investigational and research purpose
Tablet
2.5/75 mg (aroxybutynin/atomoxetine)
5/75 mg (aroxybutynin/atomoxetine)
Off-label:
The 4-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involved 211 participants, with primary outcomes measured by the apnea-hypopnea index
The results indicated a significant reduction in the index for both AD109 doses (2.5/75 mg and 5/75 mg), surpassing the effects of atomoxetine alone and placebo
Subjective improvements in fatigue were noted with AD109 2.5/75 mg
Notably, AD109 demonstrated clinically meaningful enhancements in OSA symptoms, supporting the potential for further development of this compound
Pediatric
Safety and efficacy are not seen in pediatrics
Geriatric
Refer to the adult dosing
Actions and Spectrum:
Actions:
AD109 merges aroxybutynin with atomoxetine. Aroxybutynin calms bladder muscles, and atomoxetine impacts brain chemicals. Using different pathways, these medicines may aid with overactive bladder, ADHD, and maintaining open airways during sleep. Doctors provide instructions for personalized treatment with AD109.
Spectrum:
In one study, AD109 showed improvement for obstructive sleep apnea symptoms. Compared to a placebo group, lower and higher doses notably decreased breathing issues during slumber. Though AD109 seems safe for sleep apnea treatment, researchers advise conducting more studies.
Frequency not defined
Dry mouth
Urinary hesitancy
Insomnia
Limited data is available
Contraindication/Caution:
Contraindications
Cautions
Pregnancy consideration:
No data is available regarding the administration of the drug during pregnancy.
Breastfeeding warnings:
No data is available regarding the excretion of drug in breast milk.
Pregnancy categories:
Category A: well-controlled and satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.
<b>Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category.
Pharmacology:
A novel remedy called AD109 holds potential for treating obstructive sleep apnea. The medication works by targeting neurological pathways, keeping airways unblocked throughout slumber. AD109 aims to prevent oxygen deprivation and obstruction that OSA patients face nightly. Once taken before bed each evening, it may reduce daytime fatigue – a frequent OSA symptom. Currently in Phase 3 trials with FDA Fast Track status, this non-invasive treatment offers an alternative option. It overcomes limitations of existing OSA therapies.
Pharmacodynamics:
Limited data is available
Pharmacokinetics:
Limited data is available
Administration:
The route of administration is oral.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: aroxybutynin/atomoxetine
Pronounced: uh-ROX-ee-BYOO-ti-nin/AT-uh-MOKS-e-teen
Why do we use aroxybutynin/atomoxetine?
AD109 joins two drugs that treat different issues. Aroxybutynin helps with bladder problems by blocking a chemical. Atomoxetine is for ADHD and impacts a brain messenger. Together, they may assist both conditions. AD109 can also influence muscles that control breathing during sleep, keeping airways open. Before taking AD109, talk to your doctor. Follow their instructions carefully for advice based on your health.
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