fluconazole/tinidazole

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

Action: 

fluconazole 

fluconazole functions by inhibiting the production of ergosterol, a crucial element within the fungal cell membrane. This interference with the cellular membrane’s composition results in the debilitation of fungal cells, ultimately resulting in their death. 

tinidazole 

tinidazole is an antimicrobial medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as nitroimidazoles. It works by interfering with the DNA of microorganisms, including bacteria and protozoa. tinidazole disrupts the DNA integrity of these microorganisms, hindering their ability to replicate, ultimately resulting in their death. 

Spectrum: 

fluconazole 

fluconazole is primarily effective against various fungal infections, including candidiasis (yeast infections), cryptococcal meningitis, and certain dermatophyte infections.  

tinidazole 

tinidazole is primarily used to treat infections caused by anaerobic bacteria and certain protozoal infections. It is effective against various infections, including bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and some cases of amebiasis. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined  

Taste perversion 

Dizziness 

Indigestion 

Diarrhea 

Abdominal pain 

Nausea 

Headache 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning:  

None

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution:  

Hypersensitivity: Do not use this combination if you have a known hypersensitivity or allergy to any of the drug constituents. 

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Caution is advised during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Seek advice from a medical professional before employing this combination under these situations. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy warnings:     

Pregnancy category: N/A 

Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown 

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester. 

<b>Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

fluconazole is an antifungal medication, tinidazole is an antimicrobial medication. 

Pharmacodynamics:  

fluconazole 

It suppresses the production of ergosterol, a crucial component of fungal cell membranes, leading to cell membrane disruption and death. 

tinidazole 

It works by damaging the DNA of bacteria and parasites, leading to their destruction.  

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption: 

fluconazole is well-absorbed when taken orally, with bioavailability around 90%. 

It can be administered orally or intravenously. 

tinidazole is well-absorbed when taken orally. 

Distribution: 

fluconazole has excellent tissue penetration, allowing it to reach various body tissues and fluids, including the central nervous system, eyes, and genital tract. 

It has a relatively long half-life, which contributes to its efficacy. 

tinidazole distributes widely throughout the body, including the central nervous system and various tissues. 

Metabolism: 

fluconazole undergoes minimal metabolism in the liver. 

Its primary mode of elimination is through unchanged excretion in the urine, making it suitable for patients with impaired liver function. 

tinidazole is primarily metabolized in the liver. 

It undergoes oxidative metabolism and forms various metabolites. 

Excretion and Elimination: 

Most of the fluconazole is excreted through the urine (80-90% unchanged). 

It has a long elimination half-life of approximately 30 hours, which allows for once-daily dosing in many cases. 

tinidazole and its metabolites are primarily eliminated via urinary excretion, with a smaller fraction being excreted through the fecal route. The elimination half-life of tinidazole is approximately 12-14 hours. 

Adminstartion

Administration:  

The administration of fluconazole and tinidazole should always be done under the guidance and supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. It can be administered orally. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: fluconazole/tinidazole 

Why do we use fluconazole/tinidazole?  

Antifungal Activity: 

The combination treats vaginal yeast infections caused by candida species.  

The combination is effective in treatment of trichomonas vaginalis infections.  

The combination effectively treats bacterial vaginosis when associated with fungal or protozoal co-infections.