hydroxocobalamin

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum 

The body’s levels of vitamin B12 are raised through the action of hydroxocobalamin. Red blood cell formation and the healthy operation of the neurological system depend on vitamin B12. In order to make vitamin B12 in the body active and usable, hydroxocobalamin binds to the inactive form and changes it. 

hydroxocobalamin, which has a broad spectrum, is an effective treatment for many kinds of vitamin B12 deficiency. Because it binds to cyanide ions and creates a non-toxic compound that can be expelled from the body, it is also helpful in treating cyanide poisoning. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined  

Intramuscular injection 

Exanthema (transient) 

Anaphylaxis 

Itching 

Diarrhea (mild transient) 

Feeling of sweating of entire body 

Intravenous infusion 

Pruritus 

Dry throat 

Throat tightness 

Hematochezia 

Vomiting 

Hot flashes 

Restlessness 

Urticaria 

Abdominal discomfort 

Angioneurotic edema 

Memory impairment 

Dizziness 

Peripheral edema 

Chest discomfort 

>10 % 

Intravenous infusion 

Chromaturia (100%) 

Nausea (6-11%) 

Decrease in lymphocytes (8-17%) 

Increased blood pressure (18-28%) 

Erythema (94-100%) 

Headache (6-33%) 

Local infusion site reactions (6-39%) 

Post marketing reports 

Renal injury, including renal failure  

Urine calcium oxalate crystals 

Renal impairment 

Acute tubular necrosis 

Black Box Warning

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindication: 

• hypersensitivity to any ingredient in the formulation, including hydroxocobalamin 

Caution: 

• Patients with severe renal impairment are advised to exercise caution because hydroxocobalamin may accumulate in these patients. 
• hydroxocobalamin may skew laboratory results and make it difficult to diagnose diseases of the iron metabolism such iron deficient anemia. 
• Leber’s disease patients should utilise hydroxocobalamin with caution because it could aggravate optic nerve degeneration. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy warnings:     

Pregnancy category: N/A 

Lactation: Excretion into human milk is unknown  

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester. 

Category B: There were lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the foetus in animal experiments.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology 

Vitamin B12, also known as hydroxocobalamin, is an essential component required for the synthesis of red blood cells and the efficient operation of the brain system, among other biological processes. 

The body transforms hydroxocobalamin, which is given as an injection, into active vitamin B12. 

Pharmacodynamics 

The capacity of hydroxocobalamin to raise the body’s levels of active vitamin B12 is the basis for its pharmacodynamics. 

Transcobalamin II is a particular protein that binds to hydroxocobalamin when it enters the bloodstream and carries it to the liver. The body uses methylcobalamin, which is created from hydroxocobalamin in the liver, for a variety of processes, including the creation of red blood cells and the upkeep of the neurological system. 

Pharmacokinetics 

Absorption   

When injected intramuscularly, hydroxocobalamin provides for quick absorption into the bloodstream. Food has little impact on how well hydroxocobalamin is absorbed. 

Distribution 

The liver receives the majority of the highly protein-bound hydroxocobalamin, which is then transformed there into the active form methylcobalamin. It is distributed to the bone marrow, nervous system, and other bodily tissues. 

Metabolism 

In the liver, hydroxocobalamin is transformed into methylcobalamin, which is the active form. The body then uses methylcobalamin for a variety of purposes. 

Elimination and excretion 

Most of the hydroxocobalamin and its metabolites are eliminated in the urine, with trace amounts also passing via the feces. 

Adminstartion

Administration:  

Depending on the indication, hydroxocobalamin is commonly provided as an injection, either intravenously (into a vein) or intramuscularly (into a muscle). 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: hydroxocobalamin 

Why do we use hydroxocobalamin? 

The two main uses of hydroxocobalamin are to treat vitamin B12 deficiency and to treat cyanide poisoning. 

Increased amounts of active vitamin B12 in the body, which can help with symptoms like anemia, exhaustion and weakness as well as neurological ones like tingling and numbness in the hands as well as in feet’s, are possible with the use of hydroxocobalamin.