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Brand Name :
Dilatrate-SR, Isordil, Isordil Titradose
Synonyms :
isosorbide dinitrate
Class :
Nitrates, Angina
Brand Name :
Dilatrate-SR, Isordil, Isordil Titradose
Synonyms :
isosorbide dinitrate
Class :
Nitrates, Angina
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Capsule or tablet (extended release)
40 mg
Tablet (sublingual)
2.5 mg
5 mg
Tablet
5 mg
10 mg
20 mg
30 mg
40 mg
Take a dose of 5 to 20 mg orally as immediate release every 8 to 12 hours initially and maintenance dose 10 to 40 mg orally every 8to 12 hours
Take a dose of 40 mg orally initially and maintenance dose 40 to 80 mg orally every 8to 12 hours
For sublingual prophylaxis: take a dose of 2.5 to 5 mg 15 minutes prior to performing activities to cause angina
For sublingual treatment: take a dose of 2.5 to 5 mg and it may repeat every 5 to 10 minutes
Not more than 3 doses in 15 to 30 minutes
Safety and efficacy not determined
Refer to adult dosing
Actions and Spectrum
Blood vessel walls smooth muscles are relaxed by isosorbide dinitrate, which causes blood vessels to dilate.
By lowering peripheral resistance and enhancing blood flow to the coronary arteries, this dilatation lessens the workload on the heart.
Frequency not defined
Hematologic: Methemoglobinemia
Cardiovascular: Rebound hypertension, lightheadedness, palpitations, tachyarrhythmia, syncope, unstable angina flushing, hypotension
Gastrointestinal (GI): Nausea
Central nervous system (CNS): restlessness, weakness, dizziness, headache
Black Box Warning
None
Contraindication/Caution:
Contraindication:
Caution:
Pregnancy consideration:
Pregnancy category: C
Lactation: Excretion into human milk is unknown
Pregnancy Categories:
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category.
Pharmacology
isosorbide dinitrate is converted in the body into nitric oxide (NO), which acts as a potent vasodilator. It stimulates the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which leads to relaxation of smooth muscle cells in the blood vessels.
Pharmacodynamics
isosorbide dinitrate’s vasodilatory effects extend to the coronary arteries, improving blood flow to the heart. By dilating coronary arteries, isosorbide dinitrate enhances oxygen and nutrient supply to the cardiac muscle, which can be beneficial in the treatment of angina.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
isosorbide dinitrate drug is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Distribution
isosorbide dinitrate have a relatively large volume of distribution approximately 2 to 4 L/kg. They are widely distributed throughout the body.
Metabolism
isosorbide dinitrate undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver.
Elimination and excretion
isosorbide dinitrate are excreted in the urine.
Administration
isosorbide dinitrate is available in immediate-release tablets that are taken orally.
isosorbide dinitrate may also be available in extended-release formulations.
isosorbide dinitrate sublingual tablets are designed to dissolve under the tongue for rapid absorption.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: isosorbide dinitrate
Why do we use isosorbide dinitrate?
isosorbide dinitrate is primarily used for the treatment and prevention of angina pectoris, a condition characterized by chest pain.
isosorbide dinitrate can also be used as a preventive medication to reduce the frequency and severity of angina episodes.
isosorbide dinitrate is used to relieve acute episodes of angina.
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