Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Anodyne LPT, Priloheal Plus 30, AgonEaze, Livixil Pak
Synonyms :
lidocaine/prilocaine
Class :
Topical anesthetics
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
TopicalÂ
2.5%Â
For at least an hour, apply 2.5 over 20 to 25 cm2 of the skin surface.
Split thickness skin graft harvesting: For at least 2 hours, apply 2 g every 10 cm2 of the skin surface.
Genital Skin: Administer 1 g per 10 cm2 of the skin surface before local anesthetic infiltration.
Female genital mucous membranes: Administer 5 to 10 g for 5 to 10 min.
Used to provide localised anaesthesia in periodontal pockets: Apply the lidocaine-prilocaine liquid using the blunt-tipped applicator that comes with the package to the gingival margin surrounding the teeth that you have chosen.
Using the included blunt-tipped applicator, apply lidocaine-prilocaine liquid to the gingival margin surrounding the chosen teeth.
After 30 seconds, use the blunt-tipped applicator to fill the periodontal pockets with lidocaine-prilocaine liquid until the gel is visible at the gingival margin.
Prior to beginning therapy, wait an additional thirty seconds. An extended waiting period has no beneficial effects on anesthesia.
The duration of the anaesthesia effect, as determined by probing pocket depths, is roughly 20 minutes. Reapplying lidocaine-prilocaine liquid is an option if the anesthesia begins to wear off. Five cartridges of lidocaine-prilocaine liquid is the maximum recommended dosage for a single treatment session.
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
TopicalÂ
2.5%Â
Neonates
Less than 37 weeks gestational age (GA): Apply 0.5 g/dose.
Over 37 weeks or equivalent to it: Procedures that cause pain, such as intramuscular injections: Use 1 g per site for a minimum of 60 minutes.
Circumcision: Before the procedure, apply 1 to 2 g to the prepuce and occlude for 60 to 90 minutes.
Maximum dosage and application area recommended by the manufacturer: Less than 5 kg in weight:
1 g is the maximum total dose.
Application area maximum: 10 cm2
Time limit for application: one hour
The maximum recommended dosage depends on the patient's age, weight, application area, and application times.
≤3 months: Apply 1g at the area maximum: 10 cm2
for 1 hour.
>3 months to ≤12 months: Apply 2g at the area maximum: 20 cm2 for 4 hours.
1 to 6 years (>10 kg): Apply 10 g, at the area 100 cm2, for 4 hours
7 to 12 years (>20 kg): Apply 20 g, at the area of 200 cm2, for 4 hours
Neonates
Less than 37 weeks gestational age (GA): Apply 0.5 g/dose.
Over 37 weeks or equivalent to it: Procedures that cause pain, such as intramuscular injections: Use 1 g per site for a minimum of 60 minutes.
Circumcision: Before the procedure, apply 1 to 2 g to the prepuce and occlude for 60 to 90 minutes.
Maximum dosage and application area recommended by the manufacturer: Less than 5 kg in weight:
1 g is the maximum total dose.
Application area maximum: 10 cm2
Time limit for application: one hour
The maximum recommended dosage depends on the patient's age, weight, application area, and application times.
≤3 months: Apply 1g at the area maximum: 10 cm2
for 1 hour.
>3 months to ≤12 months: Apply 2g at the area maximum: 20 cm2 for 4 hours.
1 to 6 years (>10 kg): Apply 10 g, at the area 100 cm2, for 4 hours
7 to 12 years (>20 kg): Apply 20 g, at the area of 200 cm2, for 4 hours
Neonates
Less than 37 weeks gestational age (GA): Apply 0.5 g/dose.
Over 37 weeks or equivalent to it: Procedures that cause pain, such as intramuscular injections: Use 1 g per site for a minimum of 60 minutes.
Circumcision: Before the procedure, apply 1 to 2 g to the prepuce and occlude for 60 to 90 minutes.
Maximum dosage and application area recommended by the manufacturer: Less than 5 kg in weight: 1 g is the maximum total dose.
Application area maximum: 10 cm2
Time limit for application: one hour
The maximum recommended dosage depends on the patient's age, weight, application area, and application times.
≤3 months: Apply 1g at the area maximum: 10 cm2
for 1 hour.
>3 months to ≤12 months: Apply 2g at the area maximum: 20 cm2 for 4 hours.
1 to 6 years (>10 kg): Apply 10 g, at the area 100 cm2, for 4 hours
7 to 12 years (>20 kg): Apply 20 g, at the area of 200 cm2, for 4 hours
Refer adult dosingÂ
Actions and Spectrum:Â
lidocaine and prilocaine are local anesthetics often used in combination to provide anesthesia for various medical and dental procedures. They work by blocking nerve signals in the area where they are applied, preventing the sensation of pain. Â
The combination of lidocaine and prilocaine, often formulated as a cream or gel, provides a balance between rapid onset (from lidocaine) and prolonged duration (from prilocaine) of local anesthesia. This makes it suitable for various superficial procedures, including minor dermatological procedures, venipuncture, and certain types of laser therapy.Â
The lidocaine/prilocaine combination is effective for superficial anesthesia on intact skin. It is not suitable for mucous membranes or broken skin due to the potential for systemic absorption.Â
Frequency not definedÂ
sudden dizziness or drowsinessÂ
blurred visionÂ
bruising or purple appearance of the skinÂ
welling or rednessÂ
confusionÂ
ringing in your earsÂ
unusual sensations of temperatureÂ
Black box warning:Â
NoneÂ
Contraindications/caution:Â
Contraindications:Â
Pregnancy consideration: Insufficient data availableÂ
Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy category:Â
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.Â
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this categoryÂ
Pharmacology:Â
lidocaine works by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels in the cell membrane of nerve fibers. By inhibiting the influx of sodium ions, lidocaine prevents the generation and conduction of action potentials along the nerve fibers, leading to local anesthesia. prilocaine, like lidocaine, acts as a sodium channel blocker.
It inhibits the generation and conduction of nerve impulses by blocking sodium channels in the cell membrane of nerve fibers. The combination of lidocaine and prilocaine allows for a broader spectrum of anesthesia and a more prolonged duration of action compared to either drug alone.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
It is applied topically to the skin or mucous membranes. The lidocaine and prilocaine in the cream are absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes. The rate of absorption is influenced by factors such as the thickness of the skin, the duration of application, and the site of application.Â
DistributionÂ
While the primary goal is to achieve local anesthesia, some amount of lidocaine and prilocaine can be systemically absorbed. After absorption, these drugs are distributed to vascularized tissues throughout the body.Â
MetabolismÂ
Both lidocaine and prilocaine undergo hepatic metabolism. lidocaine is metabolized in the liver by the enzyme CYP3A4 to form metabolites, including monoethylglycinexylidide (MEGX).prilocaine is metabolized in the liver by amidases, leading to the formation of o-toluidine and other metabolites.Â
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
The metabolites of lidocaine and prilocaine are excreted in the urine. The individual pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and prilocaine influences the elimination half-life of the combination. Generally, the half-life is relatively short, typically around 1.5 to 2.5 hours for prilocaine and 1.5 to 2 hours for lidocaine.Â
Administration:Â
Topical administrationÂ
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: lidocaine/prilocaineÂ
Why do we use lidocaine/prilocaine?Â
It is primarily used as a topical anesthetic to provide local numbing or anesthesia for various medical procedures. Â
Dermal Procedures:Â
Vascular Access:Â
Dental Procedures:Â
Minor Surgical Procedures:Â
Catheter Insertion:Â
Laser Therapy:Â
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