oxitriptan

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

oxitriptan, also known as 5-hydroxytryptophan, is a naturally occurring amino acid and a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin.  

Action:  

Once ingested, oxitriptan is converted into serotonin, a neurotransmitter. Serotonin is known as the “feel-good” neurotransmitter because it influences mood and overall sense of well-being. 

Spectrum:  

oxitriptan is commonly used as a dietary supplement to support mood and emotional well-being and promote healthy sleep patterns. Some individuals use it to help alleviate symptoms of mild depression, anxiety, and stress. Additionally, it has been studied for its potential use in managing conditions like fibromyalgia and migraine headaches. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined 

Nausea  

Abdominal pain 

Headache 

Vomiting 

Diarrhea 

Sleepiness 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning: 

None 

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindication 

• Serotonin Syndrome: oxitriptan can increase serotonin levels in the body. If taken in combination with other medications or substances that also increase serotonin levels, it may lead to serotonin syndrome. Serotonin syndrome is a probably life-threatening condition characterized by confusion, agitation, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, fever, muscle stiffness, and sweating. Avoid combining oxitriptan with other drugs that affect serotonin levels without the approval and supervision of a healthcare professional. 
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: There is insufficient research on the safety of oxitriptan during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should avoid using oxitriptan unless expressly advised by their healthcare provider. 
• Down Syndrome: Some evidence suggests that oxitriptan might exacerbate specific symptoms in individuals with Down syndrome. As such, it should be used cautiously in this population, and medical guidance is recommended. 
• Scleroderma: When taking oxitriptan, individuals with scleroderma, a connective tissue disorder, may experience eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS). EMS is a rare but severe condition characterized by muscle pain, eosinophilia (elevated eosinophil levels), and other systemic symptoms. 
• Allergy or Hypersensitivity: Individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to oxitriptan should avoid its use. 
• Liver or Kidney Disease: oxitriptan is metabolized in the liver, and there is limited information on its use in individuals with liver or kidney impairment. Caution and appropriate monitoring may be necessary in such cases. 

Caution 

• Dosage and Timing: The appropriate dosage of oxitriptan can vary depends on individual needs and health conditions. Following the recommended dosage guidelines provided by a qualified healthcare professional or as indicated on the product label is crucial. Taking higher doses than recommended can lead to potential side effects. 
• Serotonin Levels: oxitriptan increases serotonin levels in the body. As mentioned earlier, it should not be used concurrently with other medications or substances that raise serotonin levels, possibly leading to serotonin syndrome. Inform your healthcare provider about all your drugs and supplements to avoid potential interactions. 
• Interaction with Antidepressants: oxitriptan can interact with antidepressant medications, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and MAO inhibitors. Combining oxitriptan with these medications can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Always consult your healthcare provider before using oxitriptan if you are taking antidepressants. 
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: As mentioned earlier, there is insufficient research on the safety of oxitriptan during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should avoid using oxitriptan unless expressly advised by their healthcare provider. 
• Allergic Reactions: Certain individuals may experience allergic reactions to oxitriptan. If you notice any signs of the allergic reactions like rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, or difficulty breathing, seek immediate medical attention. 
• Gastrointestinal Issues: oxitriptan may cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, and stomach discomfort, especially when taken on an empty stomach. Taking it with a meal can help reduce these effects. 
• Neurological Disorders: If you have a history of certain neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease or dystonia, use oxitriptan with caution, as it may worsen these conditions. 
• Scleroderma: Individuals with scleroderma should be cautious when using oxitriptan, as it may sometimes lead to eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS). 
• Liver or Kidney Disease: As oxitriptan is metabolized in the liver, individuals with liver impairment should use it cautiously. Limited information is available regarding its use in individuals with kidney disease. 
• Combination with Alcohol: Avoid combining oxitriptan with alcohol, as it may enhance the effects of alcohol and potentially lead to adverse reactions. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration:  

US FDA pregnancy category: Not assigned. 

Lactation:   

Excreted into human milk: Not known. 

Pregnancy category: 

• Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 
• Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women. 
• Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    
• Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.    
• Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    
• Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

oxitriptan, or 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), is a naturally occurring amino acid and a direct precursor to the serotonin neurotransmitter. oxitriptan is converted into serotonin in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues after ingestion. Serotonin is a crucial neurotransmitter in regulating mood, sleep, appetite, and various physiological processes.

By increasing serotonin levels, oxitriptan is believed to promote a positive mood, support emotional well-being, improve sleep patterns, and possibly alleviate symptoms of mild depression and anxiety. Its potential therapeutic applications extend to conditions like fibromyalgia and migraine headaches, though further research is required to understand its efficacy and safety in these contexts fully. 

Pharmacodynamics: 

Mechanism of action: The action of oxitriptan (5-hydroxytryptophan or 5-HTP) lies in its role as a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter that generally plays an unusual role in the C.N.S (central nervous system), influencing various physiological functions and behaviors, including mood regulation, sleep-wake cycles, appetite, and pain perception. 

• Conversion to Serotonin: Once in the bloodstream, oxitriptan passes through the BBB (blood-brain barrier) and enters the central nervous system. The central nervous system and peripheral tissues convert it into serotonin through a biochemical reaction catalyzed by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). This enzyme facilitates the decarboxylation of oxitriptan into serotonin. 
• Serotonin’s Neurotransmission: Serotonin acts as a neurotransmitter, transmuting signals between nerve cells in the brain, nervous system. It does this by binding to specific receptors known as serotonin receptors (5-HT receptors) located on nerve cell surfaces. 
• Impact on Mood and Other Functions: By increasing serotonin levels in the brain, oxitriptan indirectly influences mood regulation and emotional well-being. Serotonin’s actions on various 5-HT receptors are involved in modulating mood, reducing anxiety and stress, promoting a positive outlook, and supporting healthy sleep patterns. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

oxitriptan is orally administered as a dietary supplement. After ingestion, it is absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and enters the bloodstream. 

Distribution 

Once absorbed, oxitriptan is distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream. It can cross the BBB (blood-brain barrier) and enter the central nervous system, then convert it into serotonin. 

Metabolism 

oxitriptan is enzymatically converted into serotonin by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter responsible for various physiological functions, including mood regulation and sleep-wake cycles. 

Elimination and Excretion 

The exact excretion pathway of oxitriptan and its metabolites has yet to be extensively studied. oxitriptan and its metabolites are likely eliminated from the body through the urine or feces, as is typical for most small molecules. 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

oxitriptan (5-hydroxytryptophan or 5-HTP) is commonly available as a dietary supplement rather than a prescription medication. It is typically used to support mood, sleep, and overall well-being.  

• Dosage: The appropriate dosage of oxitriptan can vary based on individual needs and the intended purpose of use. The typical recommended dosage ranges from 50 mg to 400 mg per day, but it’s important to note that dosages can vary significantly between different products and brands. Always follow the specific dosage instructions provided on the product label or as directed by a qualified healthcare professional. 
• Timing: oxitriptan is usually taken orally. The timing of administration can also depend on the reason for using the supplement. Mood support may be taken throughout the day or in divided doses. Some individuals take a single larger dose in the evening to promote sleep. To diminish the likelihood of gastrointestinal adverse effects, taking oxitriptan with a meal is often recommended. 
• Formulation: oxitriptan supplements come in various formulations, such as capsules, tablets, or powder. Choose the formulation that best suits your preferences and needs. Capsules and tablets are easy to take and provide standardized dosages, while powders can be mixed into liquids or food for more flexible dosing. 
• Duration of Use: oxitriptan supplementation can vary depending on the individual’s health goals and specific needs. Some people use it continuously, while others take it for a specific period to address particular concerns.  

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: oxitriptan 

Why do we use oxitriptan? 

oxitriptan, also known as 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), is used primarily as a dietary supplement to support various mental and emotional well-being aspects.  

• Mood Support: oxitriptan is a precursor to serotonin, a neurotransmitter known for regulating mood and emotional balance. As a result, some people use oxitriptan supplements to help support a positive mood, alleviate mild depression, and promote a sense of well-being. 
• Sleep Support: Serotonin is also involved in regulating sleep-wake cycles. oxitriptan may be used to promote healthy sleep patterns and improve sleep quality in some individuals. 
• Anxiety and Stress Reduction: By supporting serotonin levels, oxitriptan may help reduce feelings of anxiety and stress in specific individuals. 
• Appetite Control: Serotonin is involved in appetite regulation, and some people use oxitriptan supplements to help manage appetite and support weight management efforts. 
• Fibromyalgia: Some evidence suggests that oxitriptan supplementation may help decrease the symptoms of fibromyalgia, a chronic condition characterized by widespread pain and tenderness. 
• Migraine Headaches: oxitriptan has been studied for its potential to decrease the frequency and the intensity of migraine headaches, although further research is needed to establish its efficacy for this use.