paraoxon

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

Action: 

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibition: Paraoxon acts by irreversibly inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. AChE is responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the nervous system. By inhibiting this enzyme, paraoxon causes a buildup of acetylcholine at nerve synapses, leading to overstimulation of cholinergic receptors.

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined  

Increased seizure events 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning:  

None 

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution:  

Neuromuscular Disorders: Patients with neuromuscular disorders, like myasthenia gravis, may be more susceptible to the effects of paraoxon due to its interference with neuromuscular function. 

Liver or kidney disease: Pre-existing liver or kidney conditions can impair the body’s ability to metabolize and excrete paraoxon, leading to increased toxicity and potential organ damage. 

Cardiovascular Disease: Exposure to paraoxon may cause cardiovascular consequences, including variations in blood pressure and heart rate, which could be particularly dangerous for individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy warnings:     

Pregnancy category: N/A 

Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown 

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester. 

Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: Paraoxon is a compound that belongs to the class of organophosphate compounds. 

Pharmacodynamics:  

Paraoxon irreversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase. AChE normally breaks down acetylcholine after it has transmitted its signal across the synaptic cleft. By inhibiting AChE, acetylcholine builds up in nerve endings because of paraoxon, overstimulating cholinergic receptors. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

N/A 

Adminstartion

Administration:  

The route of administration is intrastriatal.

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: paraoxon 

Why do we use paraoxon?  

Scientists use Paraoxon to study the effects of organophosphate poisoning. It has been instrumental in understanding the mechanisms of action of these compounds and developing treatments for their toxicity.