tertatolol

Action and Spectrum

Actions and spectrum: 

Action: tertatolol works by blocking the effects of adrenaline and other stress hormones on beta receptors found in various tissues throughout the body, including the heart. tertatolol reduces the workload of the heart, which can lead to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. This can be beneficial in conditions like hypertension, angina, and certain arrhythmias. 

Spectrum:  

• Hypertension: tertatolol is prescribed to lower blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. 
• Angina Pectoris: It can help manage angina, characterized by chest pain or discomfort due to the reduced blood flow. 
• Arrhythmias: tertatolol is used to control abnormal heart rhythms, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and others. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined 

Bradycardia 

fatigue 

hypotension 

extreme coldness 

Heart failure 

bronchospasm 

heart block 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning: 

There are no black box warnings associated with the use of tertatolol. 

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindication: 

• Hypersensitivity: tertatolol should not be used in individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to the drug or its components. 
• Severe Bradycardia: tertatolol is generally not recommended in patients with severe bradycardia, unless a pacemaker is in place. 
• Sick Sinus Syndrome: It should be used with caution in individuals with sick sinus syndrome, and a pacemaker may be necessary. 
• Untreated Pheochromocytoma: tertatolol should not be used in patients with untreated pheochromocytoma, a rare tumor of the adrenal glands, as it may provoke a hypertensive crisis. 
• Metabolic Acidosis: Contraindicated in cases of metabolic acidosis, a condition characterized by an excess of acid in the body.

Caution: 

• Bronchospastic Diseases: tertatolol should be used with caution in patients with a history of bronchospastic diseases such as asthma or COPD. Beta-blockers, including tertatolol, can potentially worsen respiratory symptoms in these individuals. Non-selective beta-blockers like tertatolol may be more likely to do so. 
• Thyrotoxicosis: tertatolol should be used cautiously in individuals with thyrotoxicosis, as it can mask some of the signs of an overactive thyroid. 
• Surgery: Patients scheduled for surgery should inform their healthcare provider about their use of tertatolol, as it may interact with certain anesthetics. 
• Abrupt Withdrawal: tertatolol should not be discontinued suddenly, as this can lead to rebound hypertension or other adverse effects. It should be tapered gradually under medical supervision when discontinuation is necessary.

Comorbidities: 

• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Patients with both hypertension and CAD may benefit from tertatolol, as beta-blockers can help reduce the workload of the heart and improve blood flow to the heart muscle. tertatolol can also be used as part of a comprehensive treatment plan following a heart attack. 
• Heart Failure: In some cases, beta-blockers like tertatolol can be used to manage heart failure. They help by reducing the heart’s workload and improving its efficiency. 
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): tertatolol should be used with caution in patients with COPD, as beta-blockers can potentially worsen respiratory symptoms. Cardioselective beta-blockers like bisoprolol or metoprolol may be preferred in these cases. 
• Kidney Disease: Hypertension is a common comorbidity in patients with kidney disease. tertatolol can be used to control blood pressure in these individuals, but dosages may need to be adjusted based on renal function. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration: pregnancy category: not assigned 

Lactation: excreted into breast milk: unknown  

Pregnancy category: 

• Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 
• Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women. 
• Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   
• Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits. 
• Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women. 
• Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

tertatolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker with pharmacological properties that make it effective in managing hypertension and certain heart conditions. It works by blocking the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline on beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels. By doing so, tertatolol reduces heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure, leading to decreased oxygen demand by the heart. Additionally, it may have mild vasodilatory effects, relaxing blood vessels.

This combination of actions helps alleviate the workload on the heart, making it particularly useful in conditions like hypertension and angina. It is also cardioselective, meaning it primarily targets beta-1 receptors in the heart, potentially minimizing adverse effects on the airways seen with non-selective beta-blockers. Individual response to tertatolol may vary, so it is essential for healthcare providers to carefully monitor patients and tailor treatment to their specific needs.  

Pharmacodynamics: 

• Beta-Blockade: tertatolol is a cardioselective beta-blocker, meaning it primarily targets beta-1 receptors in the heart. By blocking these receptors, it reduces the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the heart. This leads to a decrease in heart rate and contractility, resulting in a reduced cardiac output. 
• Blood Pressure Reduction: tertatolol’s beta-blocking activity also extends to blood vessels. By blocking beta receptors in blood vessels, it may cause mild vasodilation, which can lead to a reduction in blood pressure. This effect is particularly beneficial in the management of hypertension. 
• Antiarrhythmic Effects: tertatolol’s beta-blocking action can help control abnormal heart rhythms by stabilizing the electrical activity of the heart.

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

tertatolol is administered orally, typically in tablet form. After ingestion, it is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream. The rate & extent of absorption can vary among the individuals and can be influenced by factors like food intake. 

Distribution 

Once absorbed, tertatolol is distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream. It crosses the blood-brain barrier to some extent, potentially influencing central nervous system effects. tertatolol, like other beta-blockers, can also bind to proteins in the blood, affecting its distribution. 

Metabolism 

tertatolol undergoes metabolism primarily in the liver. It is metabolized by enzymes in the liver to produce metabolites. The specific enzymes involved in this process can vary among individuals. The metabolites are generally less pharmacologically active than the parent compound. 

Elimination and excretion 

The metabolites of tertatolol, along with a small portion of unchanged drug, are excreted from the body primarily through the kidneys via urine. The exact route and rate of excretion can vary based on factors like renal function and individual variation. 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

• Dosage: The dosage of tertatolol will be based on the patient’s medical condition, age, and other factors. It’s essential to follow the prescribed dosage exactly as directed. 
• Timing: tertatolol is usually taken once a day, preferably in the morning or as prescribed by a healthcare professional. Taking it at the same time each day helps maintain a consistent level of the medication in the bloodstream. 
• With or Without Food: The administration of tertatolol with or without food can vary depending on the product. Some forms of the medication may be taken with or without food, while others should be taken with a meal or a snack.  
• Swallow Whole: tertatolol tablets or capsules should be swallowed whole with a glass of water. Do not crush, break, or chew them unless directed by a healthcare provider. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: tertatolol 

Pronounced: (ter-tat-oh-lol)  

Why do we use tertatolol? 

• Hypertension: tertatolol is often prescribed to lower high blood pressure, helping to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. 
• Angina Pectoris: It can be used to manage stable angina pectoris, characterized by chest pain or discomfort due to the reduced blood flow. 
• Cardiac Arrhythmias: tertatolol may be employed in the treatment of certain cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular arrhythmias. 
• Heart Failure: In some cases, tertatolol may be part of the treatment regimen for individuals with heart failure, particularly when high blood pressure is a contributing factor.