Bacillus commonly inhabits plants and soil often causes illness in people. It is a soil microbe causes food poisoning and infects bloodstream. A study examined 75 clinical samples like blood, urine, wounds, and catheters. B. mycoides was found in 6 % samples and showed resistant to penicillin. 

In another study, scientists examined the genetic makeup of Bacillus mycoides from clinical sources. They discovered that B. mycoides had genetic variation and related to B. stephanensis that is cold tolerant species. The findings suggest B. mycoides likely originated in soil with limited human exposure. 

Bloodstream infections are recorded in 6 cases in 100,000 people. An outbreak in 2015 sickened 86 students and staff at a Norwegian school after eating pasta salad contaminated with Bacillus. Public health impact of these bacteria is high. 

Bacillus mycoides form spores and have gram positive cell wall. It is 1 micron width and length of 5 microns. This bacterium is part of the Bacillales order and Bacillaceae family.  

The bacteria grow as single cells and forms chains loosely connected. To form a spiral pattern. The spiral patterns twist clockwise or opposite wise. 

Bacillus mycoides DNA is similar to B. cereus and produce cereulide and enterotoxin. The mechanisms of genes and synthesizing toxins have been unstudied. 

Bacillus mycoides genome is nearly 6 mb in size. The type of strain NRS273 was found in soil and has white, hairy colonies that spread fast on agar plates in a spiral pattern. 

The pathogenesis of B. mycoides processes by spore production and found in soil and plants. Its pathogenic mechanisms need further study. Bacillus mycoides releases toxins for damaging host cells and tissues. 

Regarding transmission, B. mycoides spreads implicated in food contamination of dairy, cereals, and veggies. Ingesting contaminated foods causes gastrointestinal issues like vomiting and diarrhea. 

Bacillus mycoides causes blood and vein infections and rare eye diseases. These infections impact people with weak immune and people with IV lines. The bacteria enter the bloodstream through wounds or lungs. 

The mucous membranes stop microbes from entering the body. The innate immune system is fundamental in fighting B. mycoides, which has neutrophils for engulf the bacterium from host.  

The complement system activates inflammatory mediators and help immune cells in phagocytosis and bacterial lysis. 

The adaptive immune system defends B. mycoides by lymphocytes & B cells are activated.  

Antibodies neutralize toxins with opsonization. T cells produce cytokines to eliminate infected cells.  

B cells become plasma cells that secrete memory cells that provide prolong immunity. 

Bacillus mycoides rarely cause health risks to humans. B. mycoides is linked to food poisoning and infections. 

Infections from Bacillus show nausea, and stomach cramps soon after eating contaminated food, to abdominal pain, watery diarrhea, and fever in 8 to 16 hours.  

Bacillus mycoides causes blood infections, heart lining inflammation, and eye diseases. Blood infection signs usually are fever, chills, low blood pressure, and skin sores, with strain traits affecting presentation. 

The diagnosis requires samples as blood or stool. B. mycoides gets confused due to similarities. These pathogens are identified using culture and staining method.  

Using samples of pus or blood on SBA media in oxygen-lack environments, if it is B. mycoides shows round colonies, and white colonies.  

It reveals B. mycoides as gram-positive rods by staining methods. Biochemical tests critically identify B. mycoides by its metabolism patterns.  

Sequencing the 16S rRNA gene seals the B. mycoides diagnosis. Its distinctive sequence. 

B. mycoides is analysed by gas chromatography and spectrometry test based on the molecular weight and fatty acids.

• Be careful in picking cereals and dairy stuff that get microbes to avoid getting sick from B. mycoides. 

• Keep perishable foods cold in sealed containers to stop fungi growth and toxin production by Bacillus. 

• Clean food areas and utensils and have good hygiene habits. This prevents bacterial contamination. 

Bacillus Mycoides – an overview | ScienceDirect Topics 

A rare bloodstream infection: Bacillus mycoides – PubMed (nih.gov)