Brevundimonas diminuta and B. vesicularis are considered rare early on, new studies state that they cause infections. B. aurantiaca have emerged as concerning hospital infection origin. Some studies show some studies shows it is found in 10.7% of healthy Japanese adult. 

Scientific studies reported 49 Brevundimonas infection cases, their clinical is relevance. B. vesicularis is commonly documented with 71% of infections. The bacteria may change the human response and infection, but more research is required to understand about this pathogen. A study reported 17 cases of B. aurantiaca which occurred in hospital settings.  

B. aurantiaca belongs to Caulobacterales group. The exterior of these bacterial cells is smooth or a little crumpled. 

They generate a slimy coating often, that helps define their structure. The slimy layer helps out in interacting with their environment. 

A thick peptidoglycan cell wall is a crucial feature of B. aurantiaca. 

Brevundimonas species show genes linked to virulence and have roles in biofilm formation, invasion, and metabolism. The bacteria cause infections and evade immune defenses. Genes like tufA, htpB, and acpXL are present. These allow B. aurantiaca to exert the pathogenic effects. 

Many Brevundimonas species are resistant to aminoglycosides, and quinolones. It shows multidrug resistance patterns. Their genomes contain mobile elements like T4SS type integrative, conjugative, and integrative mobilizable elements. Genomic complex functions in adaptation and resistance.

B. aurantiaca genomes is compact with 3.13 Mb. B. aurantiaca‘s type strain CB-R is a reference isolated by Poindexter in 1964 and later confirmed by Abraham in 1999. Culture collections like DSM 4731, and ATCC 15266 maintain this strain for research and identification.

B. aurantiaca exists commonly in the environment. Its existence in clinical samples is rare. A study illuminated a human infection involving aurantiaca infective endocarditis. It affects the heart’s endocardium with many symptoms and outcomes.

The transmission mode is unknown, most cases link to healthcare settings. Brevundimonas are opportunistic pathogens, their potential in hospital infections is acknowledged. The pathology of B. aurantiaca in human infections requires more study. 

Brevundimonas shows exceptional survival rates in simulated Martian conditions. Experiment finds that when placed 30 cm deep in Martian dust, Brevundimonas species withstand cosmic radiation for many years before experiencing population reduction. 

The human body fights aurantiaca using innate responses. Neutrophils engulf the bacteria. Complement proteins trigger immunity by coating and kill the B. aurantiaca. 

Adaptive B cells generate antibodies that target B. aurantiaca antigens. T cells destroy infected human cells. Memory cells remember the pathogen. If reinfection occurs, the immune system responds faster and better. The endocardium is a barrier against B. aurantiaca invasion. 

Any damage to the endocardium from abnormal blood flow, birth defects, or past infections, increases the endocarditis from B. aurantiaca. Properly functioning heart valves are essential since valve problems like regurgitation disrupt blood flow and create areas where bacteria stick easily. 

Brevundimonas aurantiaca is present in nature and also found in medical samples. A recent case described infection by this bacterium that appeared as infective endocarditis.  

The aortic bioprostheses and aortic graft obtained through a water dispenser inside a household refrigerator. Infective endocarditis impact on the heart’s inner lining has consequences for the body. 

Standard techniques confirm the B. aurantiaca. Blood cultures are diagnosis way in cases like infective endocarditis. 

The bacterium grows best between 37°C temperatures. Aerobic blood cultures can identify it. On MacConkey agar, B. aurantiaca colonies look chalk white. It differentiates from B. vesicularis colonies, which are orange due to an intracellular pigment. 

Antimicrobial susceptibility guides treatment decisions. Testing the susceptibility of B. aurantiaca to various antibiotics helps in selection of therapy agents. 

Imaging studies are implemented in echocardiography. It has transesophageal or transthoracic approaches. They encode for valve function and shows the abscesses. 

Histopathology examination of tissue is relevant for surgical interventions like valve replacement. Molecular polymerase chain reaction enhances diagnostic precision. It provides species specific identification for B. aurantiaca. 

• Good respiratory etiquettes help to restrict the direct transmission. 

• Notice signs of illness after exposure. It may be fever, cough, chest pain. 

• Washing hands, sterilizing medical equipment, and using sterile techniques control infections. Hospitals must input standard rules to reduce infections. 

First report of Brevundimonas aurantiaca human infection: infective endocarditis on aortic bioprostheses- ScienceDirect 

Brevundimonas spp: Emerging global opportunistic pathogens – PMC (nih.gov)