C. cellulans inhabits in soil and cut grass. It causes infections in humans that reported around 30 human cases with infections causing through medical devices like catheters inserted into veins. C. cellulans is linked to healthcare settings.

In clinical cases, C. cellulans has frequently caused infection by catheters inserted into veins, stressing for careful monitoring in healthcare. Other reported cases are the heart’s inner lining infection, some causing death even after giving antibiotics.

C. cellulans cause infections in people without medical devices. An 82 year old woman with an artificial aortic valve got endocarditis from it. C. cellulans can seriously impact health. C. cellulans are common in nature, there are no reported outbreaks caused by them. The cases happen randomly and aren’t linked to known sources.

Cellulosimicrobium cellulans can change shape. It comes from the Promicromonosporaceae family with gram positive nature and Micrococcales order. The cells look like rods and as they grow older, they become ball-shaped. C. cellulans also grow branches or strings, making it a shape shifter. 

The cells of C. cellulans are less than 2 mm in size. They look yellow shiny colony. When grown on cellulose, the surface cells have cellulosome bumps around 20 nm wide. C. cellulans is a flexible organism that live with or without air. 

C. cellulans unique abilities is seen in EB-84 strain changing D-limonene to trans-carveol. cellulans has enzymes that do chemical reactions. The bacteria release xylan and cellulose to break down complex molecules. It even breaks polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons like benzopyrene. Enzymes like beta glucosidase, glycoside hydrolase, and chitinase help the bacteria tolerate by breaking big molecules to small pieces.

Genome analysis identified 49 potential marker genes regarding human infections with having the Fic toxin and the VbhA toxin along antitoxin system. Oligonucleotide Composition Based Analysis highlighted a correlation. The frequency of optimal codons and gene G+C content correlate. It suggests G+C biased gene conversion across Cellulosimicrobium strains. 

Cellulosimicrobium cellulans shows enzymatic capabilities by producing endo-β-1,3-glucanase members of glucanases and mannanases. These enzymes break down yeast cell walls. C. cellulans as a source of yeast lytic enzymes to degrade yeast cell walls. It holds advantage for industrial applications, like food and fermentation industries. The type strain of C. cellulans is ATCC 12830. 

Cellulosimicrobium cellulans needs study on disease mechanisms in humans. Weak immunity or having foreign objects like catheters inside the body lets this opportunistic pathogen attack. It’s found in nature but become virulent in optimal conditions increasing its harmful effects. 

This bacterium enters humans through cuts in the skin membranes, often via catheters or prickly plant parts that puncture the skin. Once inside, C. cellulans sticks to surfaces and forms biofilms, on foreign objects, making infections very hard to treat. Biofilms let the bacteria survive even when treated. 

Cellulosimicrobium cellulans cause many infections in people by affecting the body’s soft tissues. They include infections called endophthalmitis in eye. This bacterium brings joint infections with inflammation and tissue damage. The endocarditis infection harms heart valves and causes heart failure. 

The human body uses defenses to combat C. cellulans. Antibodies destroy this bacterium, white blood cells in the infection. They turn on the complement system, usually working through the classical pathway, helps to break down the cell walls of the pathogen. Blood cells with neutrophils, make a strong defense team. They are parts of the innate immunity which cells surround and digest the C. cellulans bacteria. 

The innate system has barriers like mucous membranes and antimicrobial peptides. These prevent bacteria from entering and restrict their growth showing non-specific defense. The adaptive response, controlled by T cells strengthens the defense strategy by eliminating infected host cells. 

When bacteria invade, the body triggers an inflammatory response. It causes increased blood flow and cytokine release. The complement takes up the responses by directly breaking bacterial cells and boosts phagocytosis. The body’s microbiota competes with C. cellulans, preventing them from colonizing. 

C. cellulans leads to infections in humans, When it occurs, it causes medical issues. One issue is bacteremia, an infection in the blood. This links to infections in central venous catheters. C. cellulans in the bloodstream is risky for weak immune people or catheters in their body.

C. cellulans infections affect the cardiovascular system and cause endocarditis. It affects heart chambers and valve linings.

Soft tissue infections are associated with C. cellulans. These infections occur in many body parts. C. cellulans cause more severe conditions like endophthalmitis, an inflammation of eye, and septic arthritis, a joint infection. Those with joint replacement surgeries are at risk of prosthetic joint infections. 

Culture test: Aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures are done to diagnose Cellulosimicrobium infections. These tests happens detecting in the bloodstream. With C. cellulans infections, blood cultures show positive after a few days. The cultures reveal branched, filamentous bacilli. Gram stained agar plates display a bacillary form. 

Mass Spectrometry is a powerful tool for bacterial identification. It identifies C. cellulans accurately. This technique relies on unique mass spectra of bacterial proteins, enabling accurate species identification. 

Second Gen Sequencing: Advanced techniques identify bacterial DNA sequences in blood samples. Limitations exist for strains of C. cellulans. Careful consideration of the strain’s characteristics is vital for this diagnostic success. 

• Washing hands in hospitals to stops the spread of C. cellulans that keeps people from getting infections.  

• When dealing catheters, implants, healthcare workers must carefully follow aseptic protocols. Keep a sterile environment in medical procedures to avoid infections. 

• For patients with central venous catheters, taking special care is crucial to avoid C. cellulans infections. Healthcare staff should regularly check the catheter, change dressings properly, & remove catheters, if no longer medically need. 

A case report of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans-infected endocarditis combined with intracranial infection by conventional blood culture- PMC (nih.gov) 

Septic Arthritis Due to Cellulosimicrobium cellulans – PMC (nih.gov)