Corynebacterium aurimucosum

Updated : November 3, 2023

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  • The epidemiology of Corynebacterium aurimucosum needs to be well studied, as it is a relatively new species first described in 2002. However, some information can be gathered from the available literature. Here are some points that may interest you:
  • C. aurimucosum is part of the average microbial community of the female urogenital tract and can sometimes cause opportunistic infections in humans, significantly when the host defenses are weakened or compromised.
  • C. aurimucosum has been reported to cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), septic abortion, prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), bacteremia, endocarditis, and skin and soft tissue infections.
  • C. aurimucosum infections are more common in elderly patients, patients with underlying diseases, immunocompromised patients, and patients with indwelling devices or prosthetic implants.
  • C. aurimucosum can be identified by its black pigment production on blood agar plates and by molecular methods such as mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) or 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
  • C. aurimucosum is usually susceptible to most antibiotics, except for beta-lactams and aminoglycosides, which it can resist by producing enzymes that inactivate or modify them. However, antibiotic susceptibility testing is recommended for each isolate, as strains may vary.
  • Kingdom: Bacteria
  • Phylum: Actinomycetota
  • Class: Actinomycetia
  • Order: Mycobacteriales
  • Family: Corynebacteriaceae
  • Genus: Corynebacterium
  • Species: Corynebacterium aurimucosum
  • Corynebacterium aurimucosum is a Gram-positive bacterium that belongs to the genus Corynebacterium, which comprises 88 species. Some of the features of the structure of C. aurimucosum are:
  • It has a rod-shaped or slightly curved cell morphology with tapered or clubbed ends. It can occur singly or in pairs, sometimes forming a V-shaped or parallel arrangement. It is non-motile and has a size of 2 to 6 micrometers in length and 0.5 micrometers in diameter.
  • It has a complex cell wall architecture consisting of four layers: the plasma membrane, the peptidoglycan layer, the arabinogalactan layer, and the mycolic acid layer. The peptidoglycan layer is covalently linked to the arabinogalactan layer, which is bound to the mycolic acid layer. The outer protective membrane of gram-negative microbes and the mycolic acid layer are functionally identical.
  • It produces a black pigment that protects it from the high concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the vaginal environment. The pigment is synthesized by a unique gene cluster to this species.
  • It has a capsule that prevents recognition and attachment by the host phagocytic cells. The capsule is composed of polysaccharides and glycoproteins that are encoded by a large operon.
  • It can resist some antibiotics by producing enzymes that inactivate or modify them. For example, it can produce beta-lactamases that hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin and cephalosporin. It can also produce aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that modify aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as streptomycin and gentamicin.
  • The antigenic types of C. aurimucosum have yet to be well studied. Still, some studies have suggested that it belongs to a cluster of closely related species within the genus Corynebacterium. This cluster comprises C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. ulcerans, C. aurimucosum, C. glutamicum, and C. efficiens. This cluster is distinguished by several conserved signature indels, such as a two-amino-acid insertion in LepA and seven- or eight-amino-acid insertions in RpoC. These indels may serve as molecular markers for identifying and classifying these species.
  • Other methods for identifying C. aurimucosum include Sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and mass spectrometry with matrix-assisted lasers desorption/ionization time-of-flight. However, these methods are only widely available in some health facilities, especially in resource-limited settings. Therefore, it is essential to be aware of the potential infectious role of these commensal species in various clinical settings.
  • The pathogenesis of  Corynebacterium aurimucosum needs to be better understood, as it is a relatively new species first described in 2002. However, based on the available literature, some possible mechanisms of infection and virulence factors can be suggested.
  • Opportunistic Pathogen: Corynebacterium aurimucosum is considered an opportunistic pathogen, meaning it is more likely to cause infection in individuals with weakened immune systems or other predisposing factors.
  • Infections: Corynebacterium aurimucosum has been associated with various infections, including urinary tract infections, endocarditis (inflammation of the heart’s inner lining), and bloodstream infections (bacteremia). It has also been isolated from wound infections and abscesses.
  • Biofilm Formation: Corynebacterium aurimucosum can form biofilms like other Corynebacteria. Communities of microorganisms called “biofilms” are enveloped in the protective matrix, which can make them more resistant to antibiotics and immune responses. This ability to form biofilms may contribute to the persistence of infections.
  • Virulence Factors: Specific virulence factors of Corynebacterium aurimucosum have not been extensively characterized in the literature. Bacterial virulence factors are molecules or structures that enable a pathogen to cause disease. Further research is needed to identify and understand the virulence factors of this bacterium.
  • Host Factors: Host factors, such as the individual’s overall health, immune status, and underlying medical conditions, likely play a significant role in determining the susceptibility to Corynebacterium aurimucosum infections.
  • Corynebacterium aurimucosum is a Gram-positive bacterium that is part of the average microbial community of the female urogenital tract. It can sometimes cause opportunistic infections in humans, significantly when the host defenses are weakened or compromised.
  • Some of the host defenses that C. aurimucosum may encounter are:
  • Hydrogen peroxide: C. aurimucosum produces a black pigment that protects it from the high concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the vaginal environment. The pigment is synthesized by a unique gene cluster to this species.
  • Phagocytosis: C. aurimucosum can evade phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils by producing a capsule that prevents recognition and attachment by the host cells. The capsule is composed of polysaccharides and glycoproteins that are encoded by a large operon.
  • Antibiotics: C. aurimucosum can resist some antibiotics by producing enzymes that inactivate or modify them. For example, it can produce beta-lactamases that hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin and cephalosporin. It can also produce aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that modify aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as streptomycin and gentamicin.
  • Corynebacterium aurimucosum is a gram-positive rod that belongs to the genus Corynebacterium. It is part of the normal skin and mucous membrane flora but can also cause infections in various body sites.

Some of the clinical manifestations of  Corynebacterium aurimucosum are:

  • Bacteremia is when bacteria enter the bloodstream and cause malaise, chills, and other systemic symptoms. Corynebacterium aurimucosum can cause bacteremia from different sources, such as urinary tract infections, skin infections, or intravenous catheters. Bacteremia due to Corynebacterium aurimucosum can be treated with antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.
  • Urinary tract infection: This bladder infection is present in the urethra, kidneys, ureters, and other components of the urinary system. Corynebacterium aurimucosum can cause urinary tract infections by creating the urea-degrading enzyme urease into ammonia and carbon dioxide. It increases the pH of the urine and promotes the formation of struvite stones, which can obstruct the urinary flow and cause pain, hematuria, and pyuria. Urinary tract infections due to Corynebacterium aurimucosum can be diagnosed by urine culture and identified by mass spectrometry.
  • Skin infection: This skin ailment is contagious or subcutaneous tissue, manifesting as cellulitis, abscess, ulcer, or erythrasma. Corynebacterium aurimucosum can cause skin infections by invading through breaks in the skin barrier or by colonizing moist areas such as the groin or axilla. Skin infections due to Corynebacterium aurimucosum can be treated with topical or oral antibiotics.
  • These are some of the possible clinical manifestations of Corynebacterium aurimucosum, but there may be others that are not reported or documented yet.
  • Corynebacterium aurimucosum can be challenging to diagnose but has some distinguishing features:
  • Normal urogenital tract inhabitant, causing opportunistic infections.
  • Found in urine, blood, pus, skin ulcers, and eye infections.
  • Produces a unique black pigment for hydrogen peroxide protection.
  • Identifiable by black pigment on blood agar, MALDI-TOF, or 16S rRNA sequencing.
  • Susceptible to most antibiotics, except for beta-lactams and aminoglycosides; susceptibility testing is recommended due to strain variations.
  • C. aurimucosum is part of the average microbial community of the female urogenital tract and can sometimes cause opportunistic infections in humans, significantly when the host defenses are weakened or compromised1.
  • Therefore, maintaining a healthy immune system and avoiding risk factors such as indwelling devices or prosthetic implants may help prevent the infection. Additionally, good hygiene practices and medical equipment disinfection may reduce the bacterium’s transmission.
  • Complete genome sequence and lifestyle of black-pigmented Corynebacterium aurimucosum ATCC 700975 (formerly C. nigricans CN-1) isolated from a vaginal swab of a woman with spontaneous abortion | BMC Genomics | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)
  • Urinary tract infection with Corynebacterium aurimucosum after urethroplasty stricture of the urethra: a case report (biomedcentral.com)
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Corynebacterium aurimucosum

Updated : November 3, 2023

Mail Whatsapp PDF Image



  • The epidemiology of Corynebacterium aurimucosum needs to be well studied, as it is a relatively new species first described in 2002. However, some information can be gathered from the available literature. Here are some points that may interest you:
  • C. aurimucosum is part of the average microbial community of the female urogenital tract and can sometimes cause opportunistic infections in humans, significantly when the host defenses are weakened or compromised.
  • C. aurimucosum has been reported to cause urinary tract infections (UTIs), septic abortion, prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), bacteremia, endocarditis, and skin and soft tissue infections.
  • C. aurimucosum infections are more common in elderly patients, patients with underlying diseases, immunocompromised patients, and patients with indwelling devices or prosthetic implants.
  • C. aurimucosum can be identified by its black pigment production on blood agar plates and by molecular methods such as mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) or 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
  • C. aurimucosum is usually susceptible to most antibiotics, except for beta-lactams and aminoglycosides, which it can resist by producing enzymes that inactivate or modify them. However, antibiotic susceptibility testing is recommended for each isolate, as strains may vary.
  • Kingdom: Bacteria
  • Phylum: Actinomycetota
  • Class: Actinomycetia
  • Order: Mycobacteriales
  • Family: Corynebacteriaceae
  • Genus: Corynebacterium
  • Species: Corynebacterium aurimucosum
  • Corynebacterium aurimucosum is a Gram-positive bacterium that belongs to the genus Corynebacterium, which comprises 88 species. Some of the features of the structure of C. aurimucosum are:
  • It has a rod-shaped or slightly curved cell morphology with tapered or clubbed ends. It can occur singly or in pairs, sometimes forming a V-shaped or parallel arrangement. It is non-motile and has a size of 2 to 6 micrometers in length and 0.5 micrometers in diameter.
  • It has a complex cell wall architecture consisting of four layers: the plasma membrane, the peptidoglycan layer, the arabinogalactan layer, and the mycolic acid layer. The peptidoglycan layer is covalently linked to the arabinogalactan layer, which is bound to the mycolic acid layer. The outer protective membrane of gram-negative microbes and the mycolic acid layer are functionally identical.
  • It produces a black pigment that protects it from the high concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the vaginal environment. The pigment is synthesized by a unique gene cluster to this species.
  • It has a capsule that prevents recognition and attachment by the host phagocytic cells. The capsule is composed of polysaccharides and glycoproteins that are encoded by a large operon.
  • It can resist some antibiotics by producing enzymes that inactivate or modify them. For example, it can produce beta-lactamases that hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin and cephalosporin. It can also produce aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that modify aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as streptomycin and gentamicin.
  • The antigenic types of C. aurimucosum have yet to be well studied. Still, some studies have suggested that it belongs to a cluster of closely related species within the genus Corynebacterium. This cluster comprises C. diphtheriae, C. pseudotuberculosis, C. ulcerans, C. aurimucosum, C. glutamicum, and C. efficiens. This cluster is distinguished by several conserved signature indels, such as a two-amino-acid insertion in LepA and seven- or eight-amino-acid insertions in RpoC. These indels may serve as molecular markers for identifying and classifying these species.
  • Other methods for identifying C. aurimucosum include Sequencing the 16S rRNA gene and mass spectrometry with matrix-assisted lasers desorption/ionization time-of-flight. However, these methods are only widely available in some health facilities, especially in resource-limited settings. Therefore, it is essential to be aware of the potential infectious role of these commensal species in various clinical settings.
  • The pathogenesis of  Corynebacterium aurimucosum needs to be better understood, as it is a relatively new species first described in 2002. However, based on the available literature, some possible mechanisms of infection and virulence factors can be suggested.
  • Opportunistic Pathogen: Corynebacterium aurimucosum is considered an opportunistic pathogen, meaning it is more likely to cause infection in individuals with weakened immune systems or other predisposing factors.
  • Infections: Corynebacterium aurimucosum has been associated with various infections, including urinary tract infections, endocarditis (inflammation of the heart’s inner lining), and bloodstream infections (bacteremia). It has also been isolated from wound infections and abscesses.
  • Biofilm Formation: Corynebacterium aurimucosum can form biofilms like other Corynebacteria. Communities of microorganisms called “biofilms” are enveloped in the protective matrix, which can make them more resistant to antibiotics and immune responses. This ability to form biofilms may contribute to the persistence of infections.
  • Virulence Factors: Specific virulence factors of Corynebacterium aurimucosum have not been extensively characterized in the literature. Bacterial virulence factors are molecules or structures that enable a pathogen to cause disease. Further research is needed to identify and understand the virulence factors of this bacterium.
  • Host Factors: Host factors, such as the individual’s overall health, immune status, and underlying medical conditions, likely play a significant role in determining the susceptibility to Corynebacterium aurimucosum infections.
  • Corynebacterium aurimucosum is a Gram-positive bacterium that is part of the average microbial community of the female urogenital tract. It can sometimes cause opportunistic infections in humans, significantly when the host defenses are weakened or compromised.
  • Some of the host defenses that C. aurimucosum may encounter are:
  • Hydrogen peroxide: C. aurimucosum produces a black pigment that protects it from the high concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the vaginal environment. The pigment is synthesized by a unique gene cluster to this species.
  • Phagocytosis: C. aurimucosum can evade phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils by producing a capsule that prevents recognition and attachment by the host cells. The capsule is composed of polysaccharides and glycoproteins that are encoded by a large operon.
  • Antibiotics: C. aurimucosum can resist some antibiotics by producing enzymes that inactivate or modify them. For example, it can produce beta-lactamases that hydrolyze beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillin and cephalosporin. It can also produce aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that modify aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as streptomycin and gentamicin.
  • Corynebacterium aurimucosum is a gram-positive rod that belongs to the genus Corynebacterium. It is part of the normal skin and mucous membrane flora but can also cause infections in various body sites.

Some of the clinical manifestations of  Corynebacterium aurimucosum are:

  • Bacteremia is when bacteria enter the bloodstream and cause malaise, chills, and other systemic symptoms. Corynebacterium aurimucosum can cause bacteremia from different sources, such as urinary tract infections, skin infections, or intravenous catheters. Bacteremia due to Corynebacterium aurimucosum can be treated with antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.
  • Urinary tract infection: This bladder infection is present in the urethra, kidneys, ureters, and other components of the urinary system. Corynebacterium aurimucosum can cause urinary tract infections by creating the urea-degrading enzyme urease into ammonia and carbon dioxide. It increases the pH of the urine and promotes the formation of struvite stones, which can obstruct the urinary flow and cause pain, hematuria, and pyuria. Urinary tract infections due to Corynebacterium aurimucosum can be diagnosed by urine culture and identified by mass spectrometry.
  • Skin infection: This skin ailment is contagious or subcutaneous tissue, manifesting as cellulitis, abscess, ulcer, or erythrasma. Corynebacterium aurimucosum can cause skin infections by invading through breaks in the skin barrier or by colonizing moist areas such as the groin or axilla. Skin infections due to Corynebacterium aurimucosum can be treated with topical or oral antibiotics.
  • These are some of the possible clinical manifestations of Corynebacterium aurimucosum, but there may be others that are not reported or documented yet.
  • Corynebacterium aurimucosum can be challenging to diagnose but has some distinguishing features:
  • Normal urogenital tract inhabitant, causing opportunistic infections.
  • Found in urine, blood, pus, skin ulcers, and eye infections.
  • Produces a unique black pigment for hydrogen peroxide protection.
  • Identifiable by black pigment on blood agar, MALDI-TOF, or 16S rRNA sequencing.
  • Susceptible to most antibiotics, except for beta-lactams and aminoglycosides; susceptibility testing is recommended due to strain variations.
  • C. aurimucosum is part of the average microbial community of the female urogenital tract and can sometimes cause opportunistic infections in humans, significantly when the host defenses are weakened or compromised1.
  • Therefore, maintaining a healthy immune system and avoiding risk factors such as indwelling devices or prosthetic implants may help prevent the infection. Additionally, good hygiene practices and medical equipment disinfection may reduce the bacterium’s transmission.
  • Complete genome sequence and lifestyle of black-pigmented Corynebacterium aurimucosum ATCC 700975 (formerly C. nigricans CN-1) isolated from a vaginal swab of a woman with spontaneous abortion | BMC Genomics | Full Text (biomedcentral.com)
  • Urinary tract infection with Corynebacterium aurimucosum after urethroplasty stricture of the urethra: a case report (biomedcentral.com)

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