Bag Valve Mask (BVM) Ventilation is an emergency procedure. This technique ensures supply of oxygen and ventilation until a definitive airway is established.
In hospitals, emergency medical technicians use basic BVM ventilation for airway management.
It is indicated as prehospital airway support in children. Bag is collapsible, self-expanding and made of silicone.
BVM valve system enables one-way airflow. Mask is placed over nose and mouth which forms an airtight seal.
Indications
This ventilation technique is used for patients with respiratory failure, failure of ventilation or both.
BVM ventilation is used in patients who are not able to breathe spontaneously.
BVM ventilation is indicated for various medical emergencies situations. e.g. cardiac arrest, respiratory failure
Contraindications
If mask is not placed fit on the patient’s face, then this technique may not deliver enough oxygen supply.
Manage airway very carefully in patients with unstable cervical spine injuries to avoid movement.
If this ventilation procedure fails due to any reason, then surgeons should consider alternative airway management methods for good results.
Outcomes
This procedure stabilize normal CO2 levels, hence prevents respiratory acidosis.
BVM ventilation stabilizes respiratory status in distressed patients which prevents deterioration.
CPR with oxygenation and ventilation increases successful resuscitation and improves outcomes.
Adequate BVM ventilation lowers hypoxia risk and organ dysfunction complications.
Equipment required
Bag Valve Mask Device
Face Mask
Oxygen Tubing
Reservoir Bag
Nasopharyngeal Airway
Oropharyngeal Airway
Patient Preparation
Patient Positioning:
Place patient supine, with head slightly extended and neck supported.
Technique
Step 1: Placement of airway
Keep patient’s airway clear and use head-tilt, chin lift or jaw thrust for removing any obstructions.
Step 2: Positioning of mask
Select the correct mask size according to the patient’s face parameters and cover their nose and mouth with a mask. Then connect to the bag.
Step 3: Ventilation supply
During CPR, give breaths at 6 to 7 mL/kg. Ventilate at 10 to 12 breaths per minute with perfusing rhythm.
Surgeons should check for any leakage and stomach swelling during this period.
Complications
The improper masks placement can increase the risk of inhaling oral fluids inside lungs.
Major complications of BVM ventilation as follows:
Hypoventilation
Hypoxemia
Stomach inflation
Hyperventilation
Medication Summary
Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) ventilation is primarily a technique for providing positive pressure ventilation and oxygenation to patients in respiratory distress or failure. It does not involve the administration of specific medications directly through the BVM apparatus.
Oxygen:Â It is a critical component of BVM ventilation. High-flow oxygen is often delivered through the BVM to improve oxygenation and support respiratory function.
Analgesics and Sedatives:Â In cases where patients are in severe respiratory distress or experiencing pain, analgesics or sedatives may be administered to alleviate discomfort and improve the tolerance of BVM ventilation. Common medications include opioids, benzodiazepines, or other sedative agents.
Bronchodilators:Â In patients with bronchoconstriction or obstructive airway diseases, bronchodilators such as albuterol may be administered to improve airflow and facilitate ventilation. These medications are usually administered through a separate inhalation device.
Naloxone:Â In cases of respiratory depression due to opioid overdose, naloxone may be administered to reverse the effects of opioids and improve respiratory function. Naloxone is typically given intramuscularly or intravenously.
Epinephrine:Â In severe cases of anaphylaxis or allergic reactions, epinephrine may be administered to reverse bronchoconstriction and improve ventilation. Epinephrine is usually administered intramuscularly.
Bag Valve Mask (BVM) Ventilation is an emergency procedure. This technique ensures supply of oxygen and ventilation until a definitive airway is established.
In hospitals, emergency medical technicians use basic BVM ventilation for airway management.
It is indicated as prehospital airway support in children. Bag is collapsible, self-expanding and made of silicone.
BVM valve system enables one-way airflow. Mask is placed over nose and mouth which forms an airtight seal.
This ventilation technique is used for patients with respiratory failure, failure of ventilation or both.
BVM ventilation is used in patients who are not able to breathe spontaneously.
BVM ventilation is indicated for various medical emergencies situations. e.g. cardiac arrest, respiratory failure
If mask is not placed fit on the patient’s face, then this technique may not deliver enough oxygen supply.
Manage airway very carefully in patients with unstable cervical spine injuries to avoid movement.
If this ventilation procedure fails due to any reason, then surgeons should consider alternative airway management methods for good results.
This procedure stabilize normal CO2 levels, hence prevents respiratory acidosis.
BVM ventilation stabilizes respiratory status in distressed patients which prevents deterioration.
CPR with oxygenation and ventilation increases successful resuscitation and improves outcomes.
Adequate BVM ventilation lowers hypoxia risk and organ dysfunction complications.
Bag Valve Mask Device
Face Mask
Oxygen Tubing
Reservoir Bag
Nasopharyngeal Airway
Oropharyngeal Airway
Patient Positioning:
Place patient supine, with head slightly extended and neck supported.
Step 1: Placement of airway
Keep patient’s airway clear and use head-tilt, chin lift or jaw thrust for removing any obstructions.
Step 2: Positioning of mask
Select the correct mask size according to the patient’s face parameters and cover their nose and mouth with a mask. Then connect to the bag.
Step 3: Ventilation supply
During CPR, give breaths at 6 to 7 mL/kg. Ventilate at 10 to 12 breaths per minute with perfusing rhythm.
Surgeons should check for any leakage and stomach swelling during this period.
The improper masks placement can increase the risk of inhaling oral fluids inside lungs.
Major complications of BVM ventilation as follows:
Hypoventilation
Hypoxemia
Stomach inflation
Hyperventilation
Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) ventilation is primarily a technique for providing positive pressure ventilation and oxygenation to patients in respiratory distress or failure. It does not involve the administration of specific medications directly through the BVM apparatus.
Oxygen:Â It is a critical component of BVM ventilation. High-flow oxygen is often delivered through the BVM to improve oxygenation and support respiratory function.
Analgesics and Sedatives:Â In cases where patients are in severe respiratory distress or experiencing pain, analgesics or sedatives may be administered to alleviate discomfort and improve the tolerance of BVM ventilation. Common medications include opioids, benzodiazepines, or other sedative agents.
Bronchodilators:Â In patients with bronchoconstriction or obstructive airway diseases, bronchodilators such as albuterol may be administered to improve airflow and facilitate ventilation. These medications are usually administered through a separate inhalation device.
Naloxone:Â In cases of respiratory depression due to opioid overdose, naloxone may be administered to reverse the effects of opioids and improve respiratory function. Naloxone is typically given intramuscularly or intravenously.
Epinephrine:Â In severe cases of anaphylaxis or allergic reactions, epinephrine may be administered to reverse bronchoconstriction and improve ventilation. Epinephrine is usually administered intramuscularly.
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