Hair transplantation is the surgical process of moving the hair follicles from one part of the body as the donor site, to the head that lacks hair or experiencing baldness, known as the recipient site. This technique of hair transplantation is mostly for correcting the abnormalities of the head’s skin, though it may also be used for healing the problem of bald-headedness in men, although it has been widely used for the treatment of male pattern baldness, hair transplantation can be used to restore hair in several areas of the body including the eyebrows and beard. Despite the historical origin of the practice in 1930s Japan, experimental grafting was the main reason behind it. Dr. Norman Orentreich has given the donor dominance concept, pointing out the resistant hair from the donor area. Punch grafts further developed into mini grafts, which came into practice during the 1980s in the 1970s. Different outcomes were seen in the 1990s when the Follicular Unit Transplantation method, known as Micrografting, was developed. Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) in the 2000s eliminated linear incisions for faster healing and proved more efficient. Modern robotics pushes the efficiency of incisions and transplanting hair follicles to greater heights.
Indications
Male Pattern Baldness (Androgenetic Alopecia): This is the main reason for hair transplantation. This is genderspecific and reflects a particular pattern of baldness; its development is associated with genetic and hormonal conditions.  Female Pattern Baldness: However, female pattern baldness is also real and though it differs in its cause and pattern compared to those prevailing in men. The hair transplantation can be done in given circumstances. Hair Loss Due to Trauma or Burns: Patients with physical injury, burn, or injury(headers), where hair has been mechanically pulled away from the scalp, may consider hair transplantation to regrow hair in the area.  Congenital Hair Loss: This can be as a result of a condition that starts from birth and affects an individual’s scalps and hence leads to hair loss. Hair treatments such as hair transplantation can be a solution to this type of hair loss.Â
Contraindications
 Insufficient Donor Hair: In this situation, if a person has insufficient healthy donor hair, particularly in the back and side of the scalp area, then the possibility of hair transplantation might not occur. In hair transplantation, choice of patient’s donor area, and enough healthy hair are vital factors. Progressive Hair Loss: Those candidates are not appropriate for the hair transplant surgery who are experiencing quick hair loss. The procedure targets the zones of the expected hair baldness, which should remain constant. Medical Conditions: Some surgical patient factors include medical conditions, coagulopathies, diabetes mellitus or autoimmune diseases would predispose a patient to develop surgical complications. People with such disorders may be warned against the procedure of hair transplantation. Active Infections: Conditions with active lesions of the scalp as well as other areas intended for transplantation, may worsen the prognosis. Usually, it is done when the infection is being treated. Unrealistic Expectations: It may not be appropriate to proceed with a surgery if one has unrealistic expectations for its outcome. People need to have reasonable expectations and a clear knowledge of what can be accomplished with hair transplantation Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: It may be recommended that
women delay hair transplantation as there is insufficient research on the procedure’s safety during these times.Â
Outcomes
Natural-Looking Hair Growth: Hair transplantation is very much possible when done by a professional surgeon, the effects provide natural hair regrowth. Modern techniques involving follicular unit transplantation or follicular unit extraction FUE enable the dermatologist to plant individual hair follicle back into the scalp replicating the natural hair growth pattern.
Improved Hair Density: Hair transplantation brings success in the density of the hair in the area that has narrow or baldness. Â
Permanent Results: Obtained hair follicles are usually undamaged and are not affected by dihydrotestosterone, the hormone causing hair loss in male and female androgenetic alopecia. It is therefore permanent once the hair is transplanted.
Quick Recovery: The effects of the intervention are generally not serious, and patients are usually able to carry on with their regular activities within a few days to a week after the treatment. Â
Gradual Growth: There are no instant results with transplanted hair; it may take some time to grow. They both lose hair after the procedure, and they regain it in the subsequent weeks and the new hair gradually starts to appear. In other situations, depending on the complexity and the type of study, full results may take several months to one year.
Psychological Impact: Effective hair restoration could bring significant positive change in the social and psychological well-being of an individual hence improving their quality of life.Â
Equipment
MicroscopesÂ
Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) Punches:Â
FUE Extraction DevicesÂ
Implanters or Choi PensÂ
Sterile Blades or NeedlesÂ
Cooling DevicesÂ
Surgical LoupesÂ
Surgical DrillsÂ
Graft Holding SolutionsÂ
Anesthesia EquipmentÂ
Robotic SystemsÂ
Pre-operative Procedure
Calculating Desired Recipient Graft Number: First, the actual recipient area is determined by measuring the scalp area where the grafts are to be implanted; then using the desired follicle density of per sq. cm around 30 follicular units (FUs) are to be implanted.  Determining FUT Strip Length: If FUT is intended for harvesting, the strip length is determined by dividing the number of harvested grafts meant for the recipient area by the donor area density using a densitometer. It is recommended that strip dimensions not be less than 1 to 1.5 cmwide to ensure tension-free wound closure.  Pre-operative Antibiotics: Patients are given antibiotics compatible with skin flora prior to surgery to minimize the chances of contracting an infection.  Preoperative Systemic Steroids: For controlling the signs of inflammation of the scalp, a single preoperative dose of systemic steroids can be given such as prednisone 40mg.  Marking the Recipient Area: The recipient area is marked, including the implanted hairline and the direction/pattern of proposed FUs.  Shaving and Marking the Donor Site:  An appropriate marking is made depending on the technique to be employed, that is FUT or FUE.  Anesthesia Administration: Anesthesia is applied through local infiltration as well as regional nerve blocks; these includes supra orbital block, supratrochlear block, zygomaticofrontal block and Occipital block.  Tumescent Anesthesia: In this type of anesthesia, a solution is injected into the intended surgical area such as the area to be used for harvesting flaps and for implantation. This will help to optimise graft harvest and placement. Tumescent saline may also be used. Â
Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT) 
Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT) has also been termed strip method; it is a technique in hair transplantation where a strip of the scalp is removed from the donor site normally at the sides of the head. These follicular units are then dissected and carefully transplanted into the recipient area that needs hair as in areas of thinning and baldness.Â
Consultation and Assessment: In this process, the initial consultation is carried out between the patient and the hair transplant surgeon. Here, the surgeon assesses the amount of hair loss, reviews with the patient and evaluates whether the transplantation can be done or not.
Donor Area Identification: The donor area, preferred to be at the posterior and lateral aspects of the scalp hair, has been considered as the area of growth of healthy and genetically resistant hair bearing follicles. Anesthesia: After the surgeon marks the site of the graft, local anesthetic is used to anesthetize the donor and recipient sites to reduce pain the patient may feel during the surgery.
Strip Harvesting: A piece of skin or hairy covering, normally measuring between 1-1.5 cm width is removed from the donor area. The length of the strip matters and depends on the number of grafts that is required in a particular surgery, and this depends on factors such as the size of the recipient area and the density rate that the surgeon is aiming at.
Donor Strip Dissection: This harvested strip is then dissected with specific detail under the microscope by the help of a group of experienced technical personnel. The major objective of the strip is to divide them into individual follicular units, which basically come in cluster and are made of one to four strands of hair.
Recipient Site Preparation: Usually, minor incisions are made in the recipient area as it will be the site of the transplanted follicular units. The planning of the pattern is determined by the natural direction and direction of the hair growth found in the specific region of the user’s head.
Graft Placement: The transplanted hair follicle grafts are then skilfully slit into the created recipient areas by the surgical team. To ensure that the transplanted hair resembles the normal pattern and density, this procedure must be done precisely.Â
Postoperative Care: Following surgery, the patient is informed about the postoperative guidelines advises such as how to address the swelling, discomfort, and all the other temporary adverse effects that the patient is likely to experience.Â
Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE)
Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) is the latest methods for the hair transplantation in which individual hair follicles are directly taken from the donor area which is generally found in the back or side of the scalp. FUT is another method of harvesting follicular grafts wherein a strip of the scalp is excised while FUE is a process of extracting individual follicular units resulting in tiny circular scars in the donor area.  Consultation and Assessment: The process starts with the physician meeting the patient to discuss the type of hair transplant the patient wants. In this stage, the extent of baldness is evaluated, the treatment goal, and possibility of FUE techniques are ascertained by the surgeon.  Donor Area Identification: The donor area commonly described at the back and sides of the scalps, refers to the area of the scalp that has healthy hair follicles that are not susceptible to the predestined genetic balding pattern.  Anesthesia: Surgery for receiving hair follicles is administered using local anaesthetic to affect both donor and recipient areas that the patient is not in pain during the procedure.  Follicular Unit Extraction: Follicular units are obtained from the donor area directly using a sharp punch tool that comes in a circular shape, with and diameters ranging from 0. 7mm to 1.0mm. The punch tool is utilized to encircle the follicular unit that will be removed thereafter with caution.  Graft Collection: Follicular unit extraction involves harvesting of the follicular units bearing one to four hairs and storing them for transplantation.  Recipient Site Preparation: Local anesthesia is used, and multiple small incisions are made on the recipient site where transplanted follicular units are to be grafted back. It also involves the emphasis on the natural emergence, direction, and distribution of the hair as observed by the expert surgeon.  Graft Implantation: The extracted follicular units are then skilfully transplanted by the surgeon into the prepared areas, also known as the recipient site. The surgeon must position them in the right manner and the correct location to avoid any resemblance of the implants.  Â
Direct Hair Implantation (DHI) 
Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) is the DHI method, which has certain differences compared to the initial technique of getting the hair follicles. It means that hair follicles are taken from the donor area then inserted to the recipient area using a tool called an implanter pen. DHI’s goal is to perfect the process of hair transplantation and make it better for patients.
Consultation and Assessment: The basic steps involved are; The doctors meet the patient, discuss the problem, condition, and assess their suitability for hair transplant surgery. In this consultation the surgeon evaluates the degree of hair loss, the expectation of the patient, and the possibility of carrying out DHI.
Donor Area Identification: Donor area is selected to the back or side area of the scalp where genetically resistant hair follicles are present.
Anesthesia: After the administration of local anesthesia, both the donor site and the recipient site are anesthetized, and, therefore, the patient does not experience immense discomfort during the procedure.
Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE): Follicular units are obtained from the donor area while using small circular shape tool in the form of punches just like in FUE.
Implanter Pen Preparation: The extracted follicular units are transported in the implanter pen designed for the specific purpose. It has a special implanter pen that is designed as an actual needle but with a hollow interior through which the hair follicles may be directly inserted into the recipient area.
Recipient Site Preparation: The skin is first prepared, and then using an instrument known as the implanter pen, small incisions are made in the area that is chosen to be the recipient area. These incisions define the degree, approximate thickness, and direction of the implanted hair, and the actual plan of the incision is based on the natural occurrence of hair.
Graft Implantation: The surgeon then takes the extracted follicular units and places them in the implanter pen that is designed to manually inject the units directly into to the prepared sites in the recipient area. This means there is no requirement to proceed to physically handle the grafts in a separate way and they reduce the amount of outside the body time.
Postoperative Care: Finally, the patient is provided with guidelines on the postoperative care and possible results of the procedure, for instance, how to minimize swelling, discomfort and other effects that one may undergo.Â
                Â
Laboratory tests
Complete Blood Count (CBC): CBC indicates the number of blood cells and the type of cell present like RBCs, WBCs, Platelets. It can diagnose common illnesses like anemia or infections.
Blood Glucose Levels: An examination of the patient’s fasting blood glucose is also important to know how the patient’s blood sugar levels are.Â
Coagulation Profile: This may include routine tests, coagulation profiles like prothrombin time (PT) as well as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test that check the ability of blood to form clots. ·
Serum Ferritin: Ferritin is another blood test that gives an index of how much iron is present in your body tissue. Â
Thyroid Function Tests: TFTs (thyroid function tests) TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and T4 measures the functioning state of the thyroid gland. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism both have hair thinning effects.Â
Complications
Infection: Some risk involved is at the donor or the recipient site infections, however these are rare cases.
Bruising: There are always possible disadvantages, including bruising at the donor site or the site of transplantation, but it is usually minor and disappears within a week or two.
Scarring: As the FUT process, a strip is removed from the back of the scalp and causes a linear scar on the donor site. The scarring itself may be treated to minimise the impact, but possible scar appearance may still differ. Every FUE surgery can lead to small, circular donor-site scars.
Numbness or Tingling: There may be transient parasthesia at the donor or recipient sites due to nerve injuries. This usually shades off when the nerves heal.    Poor Growth or Survival of Grafts: Sometimes, some of the hair follicles that are transplanted to the new site are not able to grow in the expected manner. This depends on the patient healing response and postoperative management which encompasses monitoring and feedback.
Allergic Reaction: Occasionally, patients may develop allergic reactions to medicines administered during the surgery.Â
Keloid Formation: This finding suggests that people with a predisposition to form keloid scarring may be more prone to form keloids from the donor site. Â
Hair transplantation is the surgical process of moving the hair follicles from one part of the body as the donor site, to the head that lacks hair or experiencing baldness, known as the recipient site. This technique of hair transplantation is mostly for correcting the abnormalities of the head’s skin, though it may also be used for healing the problem of bald-headedness in men, although it has been widely used for the treatment of male pattern baldness, hair transplantation can be used to restore hair in several areas of the body including the eyebrows and beard. Despite the historical origin of the practice in 1930s Japan, experimental grafting was the main reason behind it. Dr. Norman Orentreich has given the donor dominance concept, pointing out the resistant hair from the donor area. Punch grafts further developed into mini grafts, which came into practice during the 1980s in the 1970s. Different outcomes were seen in the 1990s when the Follicular Unit Transplantation method, known as Micrografting, was developed. Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) in the 2000s eliminated linear incisions for faster healing and proved more efficient. Modern robotics pushes the efficiency of incisions and transplanting hair follicles to greater heights.
Male Pattern Baldness (Androgenetic Alopecia): This is the main reason for hair transplantation. This is genderspecific and reflects a particular pattern of baldness; its development is associated with genetic and hormonal conditions.  Female Pattern Baldness: However, female pattern baldness is also real and though it differs in its cause and pattern compared to those prevailing in men. The hair transplantation can be done in given circumstances. Hair Loss Due to Trauma or Burns: Patients with physical injury, burn, or injury(headers), where hair has been mechanically pulled away from the scalp, may consider hair transplantation to regrow hair in the area.  Congenital Hair Loss: This can be as a result of a condition that starts from birth and affects an individual’s scalps and hence leads to hair loss. Hair treatments such as hair transplantation can be a solution to this type of hair loss.Â
 Insufficient Donor Hair: In this situation, if a person has insufficient healthy donor hair, particularly in the back and side of the scalp area, then the possibility of hair transplantation might not occur. In hair transplantation, choice of patient’s donor area, and enough healthy hair are vital factors. Progressive Hair Loss: Those candidates are not appropriate for the hair transplant surgery who are experiencing quick hair loss. The procedure targets the zones of the expected hair baldness, which should remain constant. Medical Conditions: Some surgical patient factors include medical conditions, coagulopathies, diabetes mellitus or autoimmune diseases would predispose a patient to develop surgical complications. People with such disorders may be warned against the procedure of hair transplantation. Active Infections: Conditions with active lesions of the scalp as well as other areas intended for transplantation, may worsen the prognosis. Usually, it is done when the infection is being treated. Unrealistic Expectations: It may not be appropriate to proceed with a surgery if one has unrealistic expectations for its outcome. People need to have reasonable expectations and a clear knowledge of what can be accomplished with hair transplantation Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: It may be recommended that
women delay hair transplantation as there is insufficient research on the procedure’s safety during these times.Â
Natural-Looking Hair Growth: Hair transplantation is very much possible when done by a professional surgeon, the effects provide natural hair regrowth. Modern techniques involving follicular unit transplantation or follicular unit extraction FUE enable the dermatologist to plant individual hair follicle back into the scalp replicating the natural hair growth pattern.
Improved Hair Density: Hair transplantation brings success in the density of the hair in the area that has narrow or baldness. Â
Permanent Results: Obtained hair follicles are usually undamaged and are not affected by dihydrotestosterone, the hormone causing hair loss in male and female androgenetic alopecia. It is therefore permanent once the hair is transplanted.
Quick Recovery: The effects of the intervention are generally not serious, and patients are usually able to carry on with their regular activities within a few days to a week after the treatment. Â
Gradual Growth: There are no instant results with transplanted hair; it may take some time to grow. They both lose hair after the procedure, and they regain it in the subsequent weeks and the new hair gradually starts to appear. In other situations, depending on the complexity and the type of study, full results may take several months to one year.
Psychological Impact: Effective hair restoration could bring significant positive change in the social and psychological well-being of an individual hence improving their quality of life.Â
MicroscopesÂ
Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) Punches:Â
FUE Extraction DevicesÂ
Implanters or Choi PensÂ
Sterile Blades or NeedlesÂ
Cooling DevicesÂ
Surgical LoupesÂ
Surgical DrillsÂ
Graft Holding SolutionsÂ
Anesthesia EquipmentÂ
Robotic SystemsÂ
Calculating Desired Recipient Graft Number: First, the actual recipient area is determined by measuring the scalp area where the grafts are to be implanted; then using the desired follicle density of per sq. cm around 30 follicular units (FUs) are to be implanted.  Determining FUT Strip Length: If FUT is intended for harvesting, the strip length is determined by dividing the number of harvested grafts meant for the recipient area by the donor area density using a densitometer. It is recommended that strip dimensions not be less than 1 to 1.5 cmwide to ensure tension-free wound closure.  Pre-operative Antibiotics: Patients are given antibiotics compatible with skin flora prior to surgery to minimize the chances of contracting an infection.  Preoperative Systemic Steroids: For controlling the signs of inflammation of the scalp, a single preoperative dose of systemic steroids can be given such as prednisone 40mg.  Marking the Recipient Area: The recipient area is marked, including the implanted hairline and the direction/pattern of proposed FUs.  Shaving and Marking the Donor Site:  An appropriate marking is made depending on the technique to be employed, that is FUT or FUE.  Anesthesia Administration: Anesthesia is applied through local infiltration as well as regional nerve blocks; these includes supra orbital block, supratrochlear block, zygomaticofrontal block and Occipital block.  Tumescent Anesthesia: In this type of anesthesia, a solution is injected into the intended surgical area such as the area to be used for harvesting flaps and for implantation. This will help to optimise graft harvest and placement. Tumescent saline may also be used. Â
Follicular Unit Transplantation (FUT) has also been termed strip method; it is a technique in hair transplantation where a strip of the scalp is removed from the donor site normally at the sides of the head. These follicular units are then dissected and carefully transplanted into the recipient area that needs hair as in areas of thinning and baldness.Â
Consultation and Assessment: In this process, the initial consultation is carried out between the patient and the hair transplant surgeon. Here, the surgeon assesses the amount of hair loss, reviews with the patient and evaluates whether the transplantation can be done or not.
Donor Area Identification: The donor area, preferred to be at the posterior and lateral aspects of the scalp hair, has been considered as the area of growth of healthy and genetically resistant hair bearing follicles. Anesthesia: After the surgeon marks the site of the graft, local anesthetic is used to anesthetize the donor and recipient sites to reduce pain the patient may feel during the surgery.
Strip Harvesting: A piece of skin or hairy covering, normally measuring between 1-1.5 cm width is removed from the donor area. The length of the strip matters and depends on the number of grafts that is required in a particular surgery, and this depends on factors such as the size of the recipient area and the density rate that the surgeon is aiming at.
Donor Strip Dissection: This harvested strip is then dissected with specific detail under the microscope by the help of a group of experienced technical personnel. The major objective of the strip is to divide them into individual follicular units, which basically come in cluster and are made of one to four strands of hair.
Recipient Site Preparation: Usually, minor incisions are made in the recipient area as it will be the site of the transplanted follicular units. The planning of the pattern is determined by the natural direction and direction of the hair growth found in the specific region of the user’s head.
Graft Placement: The transplanted hair follicle grafts are then skilfully slit into the created recipient areas by the surgical team. To ensure that the transplanted hair resembles the normal pattern and density, this procedure must be done precisely.Â
Postoperative Care: Following surgery, the patient is informed about the postoperative guidelines advises such as how to address the swelling, discomfort, and all the other temporary adverse effects that the patient is likely to experience.Â
Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) is the latest methods for the hair transplantation in which individual hair follicles are directly taken from the donor area which is generally found in the back or side of the scalp. FUT is another method of harvesting follicular grafts wherein a strip of the scalp is excised while FUE is a process of extracting individual follicular units resulting in tiny circular scars in the donor area.  Consultation and Assessment: The process starts with the physician meeting the patient to discuss the type of hair transplant the patient wants. In this stage, the extent of baldness is evaluated, the treatment goal, and possibility of FUE techniques are ascertained by the surgeon.  Donor Area Identification: The donor area commonly described at the back and sides of the scalps, refers to the area of the scalp that has healthy hair follicles that are not susceptible to the predestined genetic balding pattern.  Anesthesia: Surgery for receiving hair follicles is administered using local anaesthetic to affect both donor and recipient areas that the patient is not in pain during the procedure.  Follicular Unit Extraction: Follicular units are obtained from the donor area directly using a sharp punch tool that comes in a circular shape, with and diameters ranging from 0. 7mm to 1.0mm. The punch tool is utilized to encircle the follicular unit that will be removed thereafter with caution.  Graft Collection: Follicular unit extraction involves harvesting of the follicular units bearing one to four hairs and storing them for transplantation.  Recipient Site Preparation: Local anesthesia is used, and multiple small incisions are made on the recipient site where transplanted follicular units are to be grafted back. It also involves the emphasis on the natural emergence, direction, and distribution of the hair as observed by the expert surgeon.  Graft Implantation: The extracted follicular units are then skilfully transplanted by the surgeon into the prepared areas, also known as the recipient site. The surgeon must position them in the right manner and the correct location to avoid any resemblance of the implants.  Â
Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) is the DHI method, which has certain differences compared to the initial technique of getting the hair follicles. It means that hair follicles are taken from the donor area then inserted to the recipient area using a tool called an implanter pen. DHI’s goal is to perfect the process of hair transplantation and make it better for patients.
Consultation and Assessment: The basic steps involved are; The doctors meet the patient, discuss the problem, condition, and assess their suitability for hair transplant surgery. In this consultation the surgeon evaluates the degree of hair loss, the expectation of the patient, and the possibility of carrying out DHI.
Donor Area Identification: Donor area is selected to the back or side area of the scalp where genetically resistant hair follicles are present.
Anesthesia: After the administration of local anesthesia, both the donor site and the recipient site are anesthetized, and, therefore, the patient does not experience immense discomfort during the procedure.
Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE): Follicular units are obtained from the donor area while using small circular shape tool in the form of punches just like in FUE.
Implanter Pen Preparation: The extracted follicular units are transported in the implanter pen designed for the specific purpose. It has a special implanter pen that is designed as an actual needle but with a hollow interior through which the hair follicles may be directly inserted into the recipient area.
Recipient Site Preparation: The skin is first prepared, and then using an instrument known as the implanter pen, small incisions are made in the area that is chosen to be the recipient area. These incisions define the degree, approximate thickness, and direction of the implanted hair, and the actual plan of the incision is based on the natural occurrence of hair.
Graft Implantation: The surgeon then takes the extracted follicular units and places them in the implanter pen that is designed to manually inject the units directly into to the prepared sites in the recipient area. This means there is no requirement to proceed to physically handle the grafts in a separate way and they reduce the amount of outside the body time.
Postoperative Care: Finally, the patient is provided with guidelines on the postoperative care and possible results of the procedure, for instance, how to minimize swelling, discomfort and other effects that one may undergo.Â
                Â
Complete Blood Count (CBC): CBC indicates the number of blood cells and the type of cell present like RBCs, WBCs, Platelets. It can diagnose common illnesses like anemia or infections.
Blood Glucose Levels: An examination of the patient’s fasting blood glucose is also important to know how the patient’s blood sugar levels are.Â
Coagulation Profile: This may include routine tests, coagulation profiles like prothrombin time (PT) as well as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test that check the ability of blood to form clots. ·
Serum Ferritin: Ferritin is another blood test that gives an index of how much iron is present in your body tissue. Â
Thyroid Function Tests: TFTs (thyroid function tests) TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) and T4 measures the functioning state of the thyroid gland. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism both have hair thinning effects.Â
Infection: Some risk involved is at the donor or the recipient site infections, however these are rare cases.
Bruising: There are always possible disadvantages, including bruising at the donor site or the site of transplantation, but it is usually minor and disappears within a week or two.
Scarring: As the FUT process, a strip is removed from the back of the scalp and causes a linear scar on the donor site. The scarring itself may be treated to minimise the impact, but possible scar appearance may still differ. Every FUE surgery can lead to small, circular donor-site scars.
Numbness or Tingling: There may be transient parasthesia at the donor or recipient sites due to nerve injuries. This usually shades off when the nerves heal.    Poor Growth or Survival of Grafts: Sometimes, some of the hair follicles that are transplanted to the new site are not able to grow in the expected manner. This depends on the patient healing response and postoperative management which encompasses monitoring and feedback.
Allergic Reaction: Occasionally, patients may develop allergic reactions to medicines administered during the surgery.Â
Keloid Formation: This finding suggests that people with a predisposition to form keloid scarring may be more prone to form keloids from the donor site. Â
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