In acute bronchitis, the primary airways leading to the lungs expand and become inflamed. It becomes difficult to breathe due to the inflammatory narrowing of the airways, and productive cough and mucus are the first symptoms of bronchitis. Acute refers to symptoms that last for a shorter duration.
Epidemiology
Acute bronchitis is a common condition in a clinical setting. It is estimated about 5% of the population suffers from acute bronchitis each year, resulting in more than ten million clinic visits. Acute bronchitis, like most viral respiratory illnesses, is common during flu season.
Flu season is frequent in the United States during the winter and autumn. It can occur as a result of a viral upper respiratory tract infection. Parainfluenza, rhinovirus, influenza viruses A & B, and other related viruses are associated with this condition.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Acute bronchitis is caused by a bronchi inflammation caused by various factors, most typically pollutants, viral infection, and allergens.
The bronchial wall nflammation causes epithelial-cell desquamation, mucosal thickening, and basement membrane denudation.
A viral respiratory infection often progresses to a lower respiratory tract infection, leading to acute bronchitis.
Etiology
Acute bronchitis is also induced by a viral infection of the upper airways and is usually self-limiting. Bacterial infection is relatively uncommon. Viruses cause around 95% of acute bronchitis in healthy individuals.
Allergens, irritants, microorganisms, smoke inhalation, toxic air inhalation, and dust are irritants that can trigger the onset of the condition. A history of smoking, residing in a contaminated environment, urbanization, and a family history of asthma are all risk factors for acute bronchitis.
Specific allergens, such as pollens, scents, and fumes, might cause acute bronchitis in certain persons. When a bacterial infection occurs, the isolated pathogens generally are the same as the cause of community-acquired pneumonia, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
In most cases, acute bronchitis is self-limiting and recovers with symptomatic therapy. Secondary pneumonia may develop.
In the previous research, relatively few acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure cases have been recorded.
In the case of mild/moderate infections: 500 mg orally every 12 hours or 400 mg intravenously every 12 hours for 7-14 days
In the case of severe/complicated infections: 750 mg orally every 12 hours or 400 mg intravenously every 8 hours for 7-14 days
Limitations for usage: Reserve the fluoroquinolones for patients who are voided of available treatment options for chronic bronchitis
5 ml of this drug every 3 to 5 hours is recommended, which should be at most 30 ml daily This drug is used for treating bronchial congestion and bronchospasm, which are associated with acute and chronic bronchitis
It is mostly recommended for respiratory tract infections, chronic bronchitis, and urinary tract infections
The usual recommended single dose per week only once is 2 g via oral administration
Dose Adjustments
Reduction in dosage is needed depending upon the condition
Liquid Extract
Administer 0.3ml to 1.0 ml orally thrice a day;60% ethanol
Topical Mouthwash
Administer 6g dried herb with 150 ml water. Rinse thrice or twice a day
Rhizome/Dried root/Tea
Administer 0.5 to 1g orally thrice a day
Tincture
Administer 2 to 4 ml orally thrice a day;60% ethanol
45 mg/kg daily divided in doses for every 12hrs or 40 mg/kg per day in divided doses for every 8hrs
Community-acquired pneumonia (Off-label use)
<3 months: Safety and effectiveness have not been established Age: ≥3 months
immediate release (IR):
Empirical treatment:
90 mg/kg/day orally, divided 2 times a day 10 days
maximum daily dose should not exceed 4,000 mg
Group A Streptococcus:
50-75 mg/kg/day orally, divided 2 times a day 10 days
maximum daily dose should not exceed 4,000 mg
H. influenza:
75-100 mg/kg/day orally, divided 3 times a day 10 days
maximum daily dose should not exceed 4,000 mg
S. pneumoniae:
90 mg/kg/day orally, divided 2 times a day 10 days or 45 mg/kg/day divided 2 times a day 10 days maximum daily dose should not exceed 4,000 mg
for <6 years old:
Inhale a dose of 15 mg through nebulizer for 1 to 2 times in a day
for ≥6 years old:
Inhale a dose of 15 to 22.5 mg through nebulizer for 1 to 2 times in a day
In acute bronchitis, the primary airways leading to the lungs expand and become inflamed. It becomes difficult to breathe due to the inflammatory narrowing of the airways, and productive cough and mucus are the first symptoms of bronchitis. Acute refers to symptoms that last for a shorter duration.
Acute bronchitis is a common condition in a clinical setting. It is estimated about 5% of the population suffers from acute bronchitis each year, resulting in more than ten million clinic visits. Acute bronchitis, like most viral respiratory illnesses, is common during flu season.
Flu season is frequent in the United States during the winter and autumn. It can occur as a result of a viral upper respiratory tract infection. Parainfluenza, rhinovirus, influenza viruses A & B, and other related viruses are associated with this condition.
Acute bronchitis is caused by a bronchi inflammation caused by various factors, most typically pollutants, viral infection, and allergens.
The bronchial wall nflammation causes epithelial-cell desquamation, mucosal thickening, and basement membrane denudation.
A viral respiratory infection often progresses to a lower respiratory tract infection, leading to acute bronchitis.
Acute bronchitis is also induced by a viral infection of the upper airways and is usually self-limiting. Bacterial infection is relatively uncommon. Viruses cause around 95% of acute bronchitis in healthy individuals.
Allergens, irritants, microorganisms, smoke inhalation, toxic air inhalation, and dust are irritants that can trigger the onset of the condition. A history of smoking, residing in a contaminated environment, urbanization, and a family history of asthma are all risk factors for acute bronchitis.
Specific allergens, such as pollens, scents, and fumes, might cause acute bronchitis in certain persons. When a bacterial infection occurs, the isolated pathogens generally are the same as the cause of community-acquired pneumonia, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia.
In most cases, acute bronchitis is self-limiting and recovers with symptomatic therapy. Secondary pneumonia may develop.
In the previous research, relatively few acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure cases have been recorded.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448067/
medtigo
Acute Bronchitis
Updated :
July 12, 2024
In acute bronchitis, the primary airways leading to the lungs expand and become inflamed. It becomes difficult to breathe due to the inflammatory narrowing of the airways, and productive cough and mucus are the first symptoms of bronchitis. Acute refers to symptoms that last for a shorter duration.
Acute bronchitis is a common condition in a clinical setting. It is estimated about 5% of the population suffers from acute bronchitis each year, resulting in more than ten million clinic visits. Acute bronchitis, like most viral respiratory illnesses, is common during flu season.
Flu season is frequent in the United States during the winter and autumn. It can occur as a result of a viral upper respiratory tract infection. Parainfluenza, rhinovirus, influenza viruses A & B, and other related viruses are associated with this condition.
Acute bronchitis is caused by a bronchi inflammation caused by various factors, most typically pollutants, viral infection, and allergens.
The bronchial wall nflammation causes epithelial-cell desquamation, mucosal thickening, and basement membrane denudation.
A viral respiratory infection often progresses to a lower respiratory tract infection, leading to acute bronchitis.
Acute bronchitis is also induced by a viral infection of the upper airways and is usually self-limiting. Bacterial infection is relatively uncommon. Viruses cause around 95% of acute bronchitis in healthy individuals.
Allergens, irritants, microorganisms, smoke inhalation, toxic air inhalation, and dust are irritants that can trigger the onset of the condition. A history of smoking, residing in a contaminated environment, urbanization, and a family history of asthma are all risk factors for acute bronchitis.
Specific allergens, such as pollens, scents, and fumes, might cause acute bronchitis in certain persons. When a bacterial infection occurs, the isolated pathogens generally are the same as the cause of community-acquired pneumonia, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia.
In most cases, acute bronchitis is self-limiting and recovers with symptomatic therapy. Secondary pneumonia may develop.
In the previous research, relatively few acute respiratory distress syndrome and respiratory failure cases have been recorded.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK448067/
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