Effectiveness of Tai Chi vs Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
November 27, 2025
Background
Epidemiology
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
Mild/moderate/severe:
875
mg
every 12 hrs or 500mg every 8hrs
In the case of mild/moderate infections: 500 mg orally every 12 hours or 400 mg intravenously every 12 hours for 7-14 days
In the case of severe/complicated infections: 750 mg orally every 12 hours or 400 mg intravenously every 8 hours for 7-14 days
Limitations for usage: Reserve the fluoroquinolones for patients who are voided of available treatment options for chronic bronchitis
Indicated for Chronic Asthma
For no earlier record of the inhaled corticosteroid usage: 40-80 mcg of beclomethasone inhaled orally two times a day as an initial dose may enhance the dose as necessary. It should not surpass 320 mcg two times a day
For an earlier record of the inhaled corticosteroid usage: 40-160 mcg of beclomethasone inhaled orally two times a day depending on earlier dose and disease severity. It should not surpass 320 mcg two times a day
Administer 1 to 2 g once or twice a day intramuscularly or intravenous infusion.
Maximum dose-4 g/day.
Renal impairment
CrCl 10 to 30ml/min-Administer 1 to 2 g every day.
CrCl<10ml/min- Administer 0.5 to 1 g every day.
375
mg
Tablets
Orally 
twice a day
2
weeks
Dose Adjustments
Off-label
It is mostly recommended for respiratory tract infections, chronic bronchitis, and urinary tract infections
The usual recommended single dose per week only once is 2 g via oral administration
Dose Adjustments
Reduction in dosage is needed depending upon the condition
Liquid Extract
Administer 0.3ml to 1.0 ml orally thrice a day;60% ethanol
Topical Mouthwash
Administer 6g dried herb with 150 ml water. Rinse thrice or twice a day
Rhizome/Dried root/Tea
Administer 0.5 to 1g orally thrice a day
Tincture
Administer 2 to 4 ml orally thrice a day;60% ethanol
Mild/moderate/severe :
45 mg/kg daily divided in doses for every 12hrs or 40 mg/kg per day in divided doses for every 8hrs
Community-acquired pneumonia (Off-label use)
<3 months: Safety and effectiveness have not been established
Age: ≥3 months
immediate release (IR):
Empirical treatment:
90 mg/kg/day orally, divided 2 times a day 10 days
maximum daily dose should not exceed 4,000 mg
Group A Streptococcus:
50-75 mg/kg/day orally, divided 2 times a day 10 days
maximum daily dose should not exceed 4,000 mg
H. influenza:
75-100 mg/kg/day orally, divided 3 times a day 10 days
maximum daily dose should not exceed 4,000 mg
S. pneumoniae:
90 mg/kg/day orally, divided 2 times a day 10 days or 45 mg/kg/day divided 2 times a day 10 days
maximum daily dose should not exceed 4,000 mg
Indicated for Chronic Asthma
Age >12 years
For no earlier record of the inhaled corticosteroid usage: 40-80 mcg of beclomethasone inhaled orally two times a day; may enhance the dose for desired response following more than two weeks of treatment. It should not surpass 320 mcg two times a day
For earlier records of the inhaled corticosteroid usage: 40-160 mcg of beclomethasone inhaled orally two times a day depending on earlier dose and disease severity; may enhance the dose for desired response following more than two weeks of treatment. It should not exceed 320 mcg two times a day. It should not surpass 320 mcg two times a day
Age 4-11 years
For both with earlier record/without earlier record of the inhaled corticosteroid usage: 40 mcg of beclomethasone inhaled orally two times a day; may enhance the dose for desired response following more than two weeks of treatment. It should not surpass 80 mcg two times a day
Age <4 years
Safety and efficacy not established
Future Trends
References

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