Hypnotic

Updated: June 24, 2024

Background

Epidemiology

Anatomy

Pathophysiology

Etiology

Genetics

Prognostic Factors

Clinical History

Physical Examination

Age group

Associated comorbidity

Associated activity

Acuity of presentation

Differential Diagnoses

Laboratory Studies

Imaging Studies

Procedures

Histologic Findings

Staging

Treatment Paradigm

by Stage

by Modality

Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy

Surgical Interventions

Hormone Therapy

Immunotherapy

Hyperthermia

Photodynamic Therapy

Stem Cell Transplant

Targeted Therapy

Palliative Care

Medication

phenobarbital

Intramuscularly, intravenously, or orally: 100 to 320 mg/day; do not use for more than two weeks

pentobarbital

Initial dose: 100 mg intravenous OR 150 to 200 mg intramuscular
To achieve full effect, administer small increments of the drug following at least a minute
Should not exceed more than 500 mg

paraldehyde

The suggested dose is 10 ml intramuscularly

butobarbital

The usual recommended dose is 15 to 30 mg or 50-100 mg via oral administration three times at eight-hour intervals daily for maintenance of routine sedation for daytime which gives relief to anxiety, apprehension, or tension
The usual recommended dose is 50 to 100 mg via oral administration, which is for short-term treatment for insomnia, usually taken at bedtime
Within 1 to 1.5 hours before surgery, the usual dose is 50-100 mg recommended via oral administration for pre-procedure inductive sedation and to give relief in case of preoperative anxiety

Dose Adjustments

Limited data is available

talbutal

Short- to intermediate-acting barbiturate talbutal was once used as a sedative and hypnotic, but the use was later discontinued.

butabarbital

50mg to 100mg orally one time in a day at bedtime for 14days
Note: a typical loss in maintenance and sleep induction can be lost after 2 weeks therapy when it is used in treating insomnia
To be used only for short-term

amobarbital

At bedtime, 65-200 mg IV 

phenobarbital

3 to 5 mg orally at bedtime

pentobarbital

2 to 6 mg/kg Intramuscular once; Should not exceed more than 100 mg

paraldehyde

The suggested dose is 0.3 mL/kg a day by intramuscular route

amobarbital

Age: 6-12 years 
2-3 mg/kg IV/IM 
Age: > 12 years 
At bedtime, 65-200 mg IV 

Future Trends