Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
Background
Epidemiology
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
0.75 to 9 mg/day in the form of intramuscular/intravenous injection or perorally every 6 to 12 hours
0.2-6 mg intralesional, intra-articular or through soft tissues
dosage is 1.5 grams taken orally three times a day
Indicated for Wound healing, inflammation, pain :
50 -200 mg of leaf gel capsule orally every day
Or
30 ml of liquid orally three times a day
Or
15-60 drops of tincture orally as needed; 1:10, 50% alcohol
Or
Apply 3-5 times topically every day as needed
Apply on the skin as required
Indicated for Postoperative Inflammation (Ophthalmic)
0.005 ml of the 9% suspension (i.e.,517 mcg) as single dose which is administered intraocular into the posterior chamber after surgery
Indicated for Inflammatory Ocular Conditions
Severe condition: Instill 1-2 drops in conjunctival sacs; may use every hour; if the inflammation subsides, dose tapered to discontinue
Mild condition: Instill 1-2 drops in conjunctival sacs four-six times a day; if the inflammation subsides, dose taper frequency
It is indicated for Steroid responsive inflammatory-type conditions of the bulbar, palpebral conjunctiva, the cornea, and the anterior segment of globe
hydrocortisone topical/pramoxine topical Â
Indicated for relief from pruritis & inflammation caused due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses
Apply on the affected area every 6-8 hours based on condition severity
tobramycin/loteprednol ophthalmicÂ
Indicated for Ocular Inflammation
Apply 1-2 drops into the affected eye/eyes four-six times in a day; in the first 1-2 days may use as often as every 1-2 hours
If sings and symptoms are improved, diminish the frequency of the administration; if usage surpasses mor than 20 ml evaluate the therapy further
Inject 1 gm deeply as a single dose
A topical concentration of 5% or 10% should be applied to the affected area
Indicated as an excipient in cosmetic products as a soothing agent
Apply a decent amount on the affected area as required
4
mg
Tablets
Orally 
every 24 hours
0.4
g
Orally 
every 24 hours
0.4g orally for every 24 hours as maintenance dose
Indicated for Muscle and joint disorders-related pain and inflammation
:
Administer 900mg orally every day
For veterinary use
Endotoxemia and Inflammation (off-label)
Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Camels: Indicated for managing inflammation and fever linked to mastitis, endotoxemia, respiratory disease, and metritis
Horses: Used to relieve pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal disorders
Pigs: Employed as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of swine respiratory disease
Dogs: Administered to alleviate inf:
Dose Adjustments
Not indicated
Immediate release-25-50mg orally every 8-12 hours. Do not exceed 200mg/day
Extended release-75-150mg/day orally in a single dose or divided every 12 hours
1 cup of tea orally, three to four times daily
Indicated for Inflammatory disorders:
(Off-label)
7.5 to 30mg/kg of drug was administered to the mice for anxiolytic property.
For anticonvulsant activity, according to the studies it is given to the rats intraperitoneally.
Indicated for Inflammatory disorders:
(Off-label)
7.5 to 30mg/kg of drug was administered to the mice for anxiolytic property.
For anticonvulsant activity, according to the studies it is given to the rats intraperitoneally.
Indicated for Neuro-degenerative Disorder (Off label use):
It is shown that the oral dose of 50 mg/kg of hydrocaffeic acid is efficient in attenuating tissue damage
Indicated for dogs and cats. Not for human comsumption.:
Tablets of 6 mg only for oral use
Indicated for dogs and cats. Not for human comsumption.:
Tablets of 6 mg only for oral use
The papaya juice consumption is 5 to 6 teaspoons is taken one time or two times daily usually in the morning hours
Off-label
This drug is meant for research purpose only
Invivo studies in rats suggest that the 30mg/kg orally, every 24 hours should be given for one month
Indications: it is known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antioxidant properties
Off-label:
The recommended dose per week is 20 -40 mL
The recommended dose per day is in the form of drops (6-30) via oral administration in juice, water, or mouth taken thrice a day
It should be shaken well before use
This is indicated for use in treating intestinal gas, muscular spasms, fever, and swelling
Indicated for Mouth/throat inflammation (Topical)
Topical Decoction made by boiling dried berries in water, diluted to 10%, should be applied topically whenever needed
0.08 - 0.3
mg/kg/day
Intravenous (IV)
every 6 hrs
Indicated for Inflammatory Ocular Conditions
Severe condition: Instill 1-2 drops in conjunctival sacs; may use every hour; if the inflammation subsides, dose tapered to discontinue
Mild condition: Instill 1-2 drops in conjunctival sacs four-six times a day; if the inflammation subsides, dose taper frequency
It is indicated for Steroid responsive inflammatory-type conditions of the bulbar, palpebral conjunctiva, the cornea, and the anterior segment of globe
tobramycin/loteprednol ophthalmicÂ
Indicated for Ocular Inflammation
Apply 1-2 drops into the affected eye/eyes four-six times in a day; in the first 1-2 days may use as often as every 1-2 hours
If sings and symptoms are improved, diminish the frequency of the administration; if usage surpasses mor than 20 ml evaluate the therapy further
0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg intravenous/oral/Intramuscular in two divided doses daily
Indicated for nflammatory/rheumatoid disorders
:
<2 years: safety and efficacy not established
2-14 years:1-2mg/kg/day orally every 6-12hours.Do not exceed 4mg/kg/day
>14 years:25-50 mg orally/per rectum every 8-12 hours
Indicated for Inflammatory/rheumatoid disorders
:
<2 years: safety and efficacy not established
2-14 years:1-2mg/kg/day orally every 6-12hours.Do not exceed 4mg/kg/day
>14 years:25-50 mg orally/per rectum every 8-12 hours
hydrocortisone topical/pramoxine topical Â
Indicated for relief from pruritis & topical inflammation caused due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses
Apply on the affected area every 6-8 hours based on condition severity
Future Trends
References

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