Inflammation

Updated: April 16, 2023

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Background

Epidemiology

Anatomy

Pathophysiology

Etiology

Genetics

Prognostic Factors

Clinical History

Physical Examination

Age group

Associated comorbidity

Associated activity

Acuity of presentation

Differential Diagnoses

Laboratory Studies

Imaging Studies

Procedures

Histologic Findings

Staging

Treatment Paradigm

by Stage

by Modality

Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy

Surgical Interventions

Hormone Therapy

Immunotherapy

Hyperthermia

Photodynamic Therapy

Stem Cell Transplant

Targeted Therapy

Palliative Care

Medication

 

dexamethasone 

0.75 to 9 mg/day in the form of intramuscular/intravenous injection or perorally every 6 to 12 hours
0.2-6 mg intralesional, intra-articular or through soft tissues



heartsease 

dosage is 1.5 grams taken orally three times a day



aloe 

Indicated for Wound healing, inflammation, pain :


50 -200 mg of leaf gel capsule orally every day

Or
30 ml of liquid orally three times a day
Or
15-60 drops of tincture orally as needed; 1:10, 50% alcohol
Or
Apply 3-5 times topically every day as needed



witch hazel 

Apply on the skin as required



dexamethasone intraocular 


Indicated for Postoperative Inflammation (Ophthalmic)
0.005 ml of the 9% suspension (i.e.,517 mcg) as single dose which is administered intraocular into the posterior chamber after surgery



dexamethasone ophthalmic 


Indicated for Inflammatory Ocular Conditions
Severe condition: Instill 1-2 drops in conjunctival sacs; may use every hour; if the inflammation subsides, dose tapered to discontinue
Mild condition: Instill 1-2 drops in conjunctival sacs four-six times a day; if the inflammation subsides, dose taper frequency
It is indicated for Steroid responsive inflammatory-type conditions of the bulbar, palpebral conjunctiva, the cornea, and the anterior segment of globe



hydrocortisone topical/pramoxine topical  

Indicated for relief from pruritis & inflammation caused due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses
Apply on the affected area every 6-8 hours based on condition severity



tobramycin/loteprednol ophthalmic 


Indicated for Ocular Inflammation
Apply 1-2 drops into the affected eye/eyes four-six times in a day; in the first 1-2 days may use as often as every 1-2 hours
If sings and symptoms are improved, diminish the frequency of the administration; if usage surpasses mor than 20 ml evaluate the therapy further



etofenamate 

Inject 1 gm deeply as a single dose
A topical concentration of 5% or 10% should be applied to the affected area



levomenol 

Indicated as an excipient in cosmetic products as a soothing agent
Apply a decent amount on the affected area as required




4

mg

Tablets

Orally 

every 24 hours



bumadizone 

0.4

g

Orally 

every 24 hours

0.4g orally for every 24 hours as maintenance dose



alminoprofen 

Indicated for Muscle and joint disorders-related pain and inflammation
:

Administer 900mg orally every day



flunixin 

For veterinary use
Endotoxemia and Inflammation (off-label)
Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Camels: Indicated for managing inflammation and fever linked to mastitis, endotoxemia, respiratory disease, and metritis
Horses: Used to relieve pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal disorders
Pigs: Employed as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of swine respiratory disease
Dogs: Administered to alleviate inf:



Dose Adjustments

Not indicated

indomethacin 

Immediate release-25-50mg orally every 8-12 hours. Do not exceed 200mg/day

Extended release-75-150mg/day orally in a single dose or divided every 12 hours



willow bark 

1 cup of tea orally, three to four times daily



wogonin 

Indicated for Inflammatory disorders:

(Off-label) 7.5 to 30mg/kg of drug was administered to the mice for anxiolytic property.
For anticonvulsant activity, according to the studies it is given to the rats intraperitoneally.



wogonin 

Indicated for Inflammatory disorders:

(Off-label) 7.5 to 30mg/kg of drug was administered to the mice for anxiolytic property.
For anticonvulsant activity, according to the studies it is given to the rats intraperitoneally.



caffeic acid 

Indicated for Neuro-degenerative Disorder (Off label use):

It is shown that the oral dose of 50 mg/kg of hydrocaffeic acid is efficient in attenuating tissue damage



robenacoxib 

Indicated for dogs and cats. Not for human comsumption.:

Tablets of 6 mg only for oral use



robenacoxib 

Indicated for dogs and cats. Not for human comsumption.:

Tablets of 6 mg only for oral use



papaya juice 

The papaya juice consumption is 5 to 6 teaspoons is taken one time or two times daily usually in the morning hours



vitexin 

Off-label
This drug is meant for research purpose only
Invivo studies in rats suggest that the 30mg/kg orally, every 24 hours should be given for one month
Indications: it is known to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antioxidant properties



abuta 

Off-label:

The recommended dose per week is 20 -40 mL
The recommended dose per day is in the form of drops (6-30) via oral administration in juice, water, or mouth taken thrice a day
It should be shaken well before use



alpinia 

This is indicated for use in treating intestinal gas, muscular spasms, fever, and swelling



bilberry 

Indicated for Mouth/throat inflammation (Topical)
Topical Decoction made by boiling dried berries in water, diluted to 10%, should be applied topically whenever needed



 

dexamethasone

0.08 - 0.3

mg/kg/day

Intravenous (IV)

every 6 hrs



dexamethasone ophthalmic 


Indicated for Inflammatory Ocular Conditions
Severe condition: Instill 1-2 drops in conjunctival sacs; may use every hour; if the inflammation subsides, dose tapered to discontinue
Mild condition: Instill 1-2 drops in conjunctival sacs four-six times a day; if the inflammation subsides, dose taper frequency
It is indicated for Steroid responsive inflammatory-type conditions of the bulbar, palpebral conjunctiva, the cornea, and the anterior segment of globe



tobramycin/loteprednol ophthalmic 


Indicated for Ocular Inflammation
Apply 1-2 drops into the affected eye/eyes four-six times in a day; in the first 1-2 days may use as often as every 1-2 hours
If sings and symptoms are improved, diminish the frequency of the administration; if usage surpasses mor than 20 ml evaluate the therapy further



methylprednisolone 

0.5 to 1.7 mg/kg intravenous/oral/Intramuscular in two divided doses daily



indomethacin 

Indicated for nflammatory/rheumatoid disorders
:

<2 years: safety and efficacy not established

2-14 years:1-2mg/kg/day orally every 6-12hours.Do not exceed 4mg/kg/day

>14 years:25-50 mg orally/per rectum every 8-12 hours



indomethacin 

Indicated for Inflammatory/rheumatoid disorders
:

<2 years: safety and efficacy not established

2-14 years:1-2mg/kg/day orally every 6-12hours.Do not exceed 4mg/kg/day

>14 years:25-50 mg orally/per rectum every 8-12 hours



 

hydrocortisone topical/pramoxine topical  

Indicated for relief from pruritis & topical inflammation caused due to corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses
Apply on the affected area every 6-8 hours based on condition severity



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References

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Inflammation

Updated : April 16, 2023

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