Pulmonic valvular stenosis is a disorder that belongs to heart condition. In which the pulmonic valve becomes smaller in size. The main function of pulmonic valve is to control the flow of blood from the right ventricle of the heart. 

The increased pressure within the right ventricle which requires the heart to pump harder. 

The insufficient blood flow to lungs may cause bluish skin and mucous membranes due to reduced oxygen levels. 

The most common type of birth defects is congenital heart defects in neonate. 

This disorder can occur separately. The presentation varies with age as diagnosed in infant or children. For others, adults and elders shows later in their life. 

It will block blood flow through the pulmonic valve. Normal blood flow is prevented from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. 

The increased workload in the right ventricle leads to high blood pressure. 

The chronic pressure causes right ventricle hypertrophy which thicken muscle walls to adapt to increased workload. 

Abnormal development can cause dysplasia. 

The rheumatic fever is responsible for affecting the pulmonic valve. Endocarditis with infection can cause damage and scarring of the pulmonic valve. 

The pulmonic valve narrowing is crucial in severe stenosis that increases risk and it need aggressive management. 

Stenosis impacts on right ventricular function so chronic pressure overload can cause hypertrophy and dysfunction. 

The presence of other congenital or acquired heart defects influences prognosis. Individuals with additional abnormalities may have a complex clinical course. 

Age Group:  

Congenital forms of pulmonic valvular stenosis are diagnosed in infancy, childhood, and adolescence stages.  

Many cases are identified during routine prenatal ultrasound examinations or in the early stages of life. 

Palpation 

Heart Murmur 

Assessment of Pulses 

General Examination  

Pulmonic stenosis is one of the components of Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital heart defect that includes four abnormalities: pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. 

Pulmonic stenosis may coexist with atrial septal defects (ASDs) or ventricular septal defects (VSDs), which are openings in the walls between the atria or ventricles of the heart. 

Pulmonic stenosis can be associated with rheumatic heart disease, particularly if the individual has a history of untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infections leading to rheumatic fever. 

Carcinoid tumors, which primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract, can release substances that cause fibrosis of the pulmonic valve, leading to stenosis. 

The initial asymptomatic symptoms shows an increase with stenosis. 

A heart struggles to meet increased demand during physical activity. 

The symptoms include fatigue and shortness of breath. 

Individuals with pulmonic valvular stenosis may be at an increased risk of infective endocarditis. 

The interventional procedure involves mainly surgical valvotomy and valve replacement surgery.  

Regular follow-up is essential to monitor the effectiveness of the intervention after any surgery.  

Emergency Medicine

In mild pulmonic valvular stenosis management, the regular physical activities are allowed. 

Antibiotic prophylaxis recommended before dental and medical procedures. 

Regular follow-up with cardiac specialist for monitoring and treatment progress. 

Emergency Medicine

Furosemide increase the excretion of excess salt and water through the urine. It reduces fluid overload and relieving symptoms of congestion. 

Emergency Medicine

Metoprolol controls the heart rate in individuals with those with palpitations or arrhythmias it is used to stabilize and control the heart rate. 

Emergency Medicine

Surgical Valvotomy involves pulmonic valve incision. It removes obstructions and improves blood flow. 

In severe cases where the pulmonic valve is damaged then valve replacement is performed by surgeons. 

Emergency Medicine

Diagnosis and evaluation phase start with the identification of pulmonic valvular stenosis. 

In some cases where no significant symptoms are observed then conservative approach of regular monitoring is followed.  

Routine follow-up with a cardiac surgeon is required to assess the progression of the condition.