Syringoma is a benign and typically harmless skin condition characterized by the development of small, firm, and flesh-colored or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface. These benign tumors are most commonly found on the eyelids, although they can occur in other areas of the face and body. Syringomas are the result of the overgrowth of eccrine sweat gland ducts, and they are often asymptomatic. They are more common in women than men and tend to become more noticeable with age. While syringomas are primarily a cosmetic concern, individuals seeking their removal or treatment should consult a dermatologist for suitable options.
Epidemiology
Prevalence: Syringomas are a relatively common skin condition, and can affect individuals of all ages. However, they tend to become more noticeable and prevalent in adulthood.
Gender: Syringomas are more commonly seen in females than in males. This gender difference is particularly noticeable in adults.
Age: Syringomas can develop at any age, but they often become more prominent and symptomatic in adulthood, typically during the third or fourth decade of life.
Location: Syringomas are commonly found on the eyelids, especially the lower eyelids. However, they can also appear in other areas of the face, neck, chest, and armpits.
Familial Cases: In some instances, there may be a familial predisposition to syringomas, suggesting a genetic component to the condition. Familial cases tend to be rare.
Ethnicity: Syringomas can affect individuals of all ethnic backgrounds. There are no significant ethnic or racial predispositions associated with syringoma development.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Origin from Eccrine Sweat Glands: Syringomas originate from the eccrine sweat glands, which are the most common type of sweat glands in the skin. These glands are responsible for producing sweat, which helps regulate body temperature.
Abnormal Duct Formation: In syringomas, there is an overgrowth or abnormal proliferation of the ductal structures of the eccrine sweat glands. These ducts are responsible for carrying sweat from the gland to the skin surface.
Tumor Formation: As a result of this overgrowth, small, cystic, or tubular structures develop within the skin’s dermal layer. These structures are typically filled with sweat-like fluid.
Location and Distribution: Syringomas are often found in the dermal layer of skin, especially in areas where eccrine sweat glands are abundant, such as the eyelids. However, they can also occur in other facial regions, the neck, chest, and armpits.
Histological Characteristics: Under a microscope, syringomas exhibit specific histological features, including cystic or ductal structures surrounded by connective tissue. These features help dermatopathologists distinguish them from other skin conditions.
Asymptomatic Nature: Syringomas are generally asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause pain or discomfort in most cases. They are primarily a cosmetic concern due to their appearance.
Etiology
Genetics: Individuals may have a genetic predisposition to develop syringomas. Familial cases of syringomas have been reported, suggesting a hereditary component. However, the inheritance pattern is not well-defined.
Eccrine Sweat Glands: Syringomas from the eccrine sweat glands are responsible for producing sweat. The overgrowth or abnormal proliferation of these glands’ ductal structures may be a contributing factor.
Hormonal Factors: The changes, such as those that occur during puberty and pregnancy, have been associated with the development of syringomas in some cases. This suggests that hormonal fluctuations may play a role in their formation.
Age: Syringomas can develop at any age, but they tend to become more prominent and noticeable in adulthood, typically during the third or fourth decade of life.
Unknown Triggers: In some instances, syringomas may appear without an identifiable trigger or underlying medical condition.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Location: Syringomas that develop in visible or sensitive areas of the skin, such as the eyelids, can be a cosmetic concern. Their prognosis, in terms of appearance and patient satisfaction, may be influenced by their location.
Treatment Outcomes: If an individual chooses to have their syringomas removed or treated for cosmetic reasons, the prognosis depends on the success of the chosen treatment method. Most removal techniques are safe and effective, but there may be some risk of scarring or pigmentation changes.
Recurrence: In some cases, syringomas may recur after treatment. The prognosis in such cases would depend on the specific treatment approach and the likelihood of recurrence.
Psychological Impact: While not a medical prognosis, the psychological impact of syringomas on an individual’s self-esteem and well-being can be significant. Effective treatment and support from healthcare professionals can help address these concerns.
Clinical History
Age of Onset: Syringomas can develop at any age but tend to become more noticeable in adulthood, particularly during the third or fourth decade of life.
Gender: Syringomas are more commonly observed in females than in males.
Skin Type: Syringomas can affect individuals of all skin types and ethnic backgrounds.
Comorbidities: Syringomas are not associated with specific comorbidities or underlying medical conditions. However, they may coexist with other skin conditions or dermatological concerns.
Acuity of Presentation: The presentation of syringomas is typically gradual and painless. Individuals may notice the development of small, firm, flesh-colored or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface over time. These bumps are often small and may be grouped closely together. In some cases, individuals may seek medical evaluation due to cosmetic concerns, especially when syringomas are located in visible areas, such as the eyelids.
Symptoms: Syringomas are usually asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause pain or discomfort. They are primarily a cosmetic concern due to their appearance.
Family History: In some cases, there may be a family history of syringomas, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
Physical Examination
Location: Syringomas are most commonly found on the eyelids, especially the lower eyelids. However, they can occur in other areas of the face, neck, chest, and armpits. The provider will assess the specific location of the syringomas.
Appearance: Syringomas typically present as small, firm, flesh-colored or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface. These bumps are often tiny and may be closely grouped together in clusters. The provider will examine the size, color, and distribution of the syringomas.
Texture: Syringomas are usually non-tender and have a firm or slightly raised texture. The provider will palpate (touch) the syringomas to assess their consistency and texture.
Symmetry: Syringomas often appear symmetrically, meaning they are present on both sides of the body, such as both lower eyelids. The provider will check for symmetry in the distribution of syringomas.
Number: Syringomas can vary in number, from just a few to numerous bumps in a given area. The provider will count and document the number of syringomas.
Other Skin Changes: The provider will examine the surrounding skin for any associated changes, such as redness, inflammation, or signs of infection, although these are not typical features of syringomas.
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Milia: Milia are the small, white, or yellowish cysts that resemble syringomas. They are typically found on the face, especially around the eyes, and are caused by trapped keratin (skin protein) beneath the skin’s surface. Unlike syringomas, milia do not involve the sweat glands.
Xanthelasma: Xanthelasma is the presence of yellowish, raised plaques on the eyelids. These plaques are composed of cholesterol deposits and may resemble syringomas. Xanthelasma is associated with lipid (cholesterol) abnormalities.
Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra (DPN): DPN is a skin condition that primarily affects individuals with darker skin tones. It involves the development of small, dark-colored papules on the face, particularly around the eyes and cheeks. DPN can have a similar appearance to syringomas.
Sebaceous Hyperplasia: Sebaceous hyperplasia is characterized by enlarged sebaceous glands, resulting in small, yellowish bumps on the face, particularly the forehead and cheeks. They can sometimes resemble syringomas but are associated with sebaceous (oil) glands rather than sweat glands.
Trichoepitheliomas: Trichoepitheliomas are benign skin tumors that can resemble syringomas in appearance. They often occur on the face and have a characteristic central depression or pore-like opening.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): In rare cases, syringomas may be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer. BCC lesions often have a pearly or translucent appearance and may bleed or ulcerate, which is not typical of syringomas.
Multiple Eruptive Syringomas: This is a specific variant of syringomas that can be mistaken for other skin conditions due to its sudden onset and widespread distribution of small papules. It is a rarer form of syringoma.
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
Clinical Evaluation: A dermatologist or healthcare provider evaluates the syringomas through a physical examination to confirm the diagnosis and assess their characteristics.
Patient Education: The healthcare provider discusses treatment options with the patient and addresses any concerns. The provider may explain that while syringomas are benign, they can be treated for cosmetic reasons.
Topical Therapies: These may include retinoids or alpha hydroxy acids, which may improve the appearance of syringomas over time. Topical treatments may be more suitable for smaller syringomas.
Electrocautery or Laser Therapy: These methods involve using a special device to target and destroy syringomas. Electrocautery uses heat, while lasers use focused light energy. These treatments are often effective for individual or small clusters of syringomas.
Excision or Incision: For larger or more numerous syringomas, surgical removal through excision or incision may be recommended. This involves cutting out the syringomas under local anesthesia.
Post-Treatment Care: After treatment, the healthcare provider provides instructions for wound care, if applicable. Patients are used to protect the treated area from sun exposure and to use sunscreen regularly to prevent pigmentation changes.
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
non-pharmacological-treatment-of-syringoma
Lifestyle modifications:
Sun Protection: Protecting skin from sun is essential to prevent sun damage and minimize the appearance of syringomas. Use sunscreen with the SPF of 30 or higher, wear protective clothing, & seek shade when outdoors, especially during peak sun hours.
Gentle Skincare: Be gentle when caring for your skin. Use mild, hypoallergenic cleansers and moisturizers that are suitable for your skin type. Avoid harsh exfoliants and abrasive scrubs that can irritate the skin.
Avoid Picking or Scratching: Avoid picking or scratching at syringomas or other skin lesions. Doing so can lead to irritation, infection, and potential scarring.
Cosmetic Camouflage: Some individuals may choose to use makeup to conceal the appearance of syringomas. Consult with a dermatologist for advice on makeup products and techniques to achieve effective camouflage.
Diet and Hydration: Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables to support overall skin health. Staying hydrated by drinking water can also contribute to healthy-looking skin.
use of Retinoids in the treatment of Syringoma
Topical Retinoids (Tretinoin): Topical retinoids like tretinoin (Retin-A) may be prescribed by a dermatologist. These medications can help improve skin texture and reduce the appearance of syringomas over time by increasing cell turnover. However, the response to topical retinoids can be slow, and complete resolution may not occur.
Oral Isotretinoin and Acitretin: In some cases, especially when syringomas are extensive or causing significant cosmetic concerns, oral retinoids like isotretinoin (Accutane) or acitretin (Soriatane) may be considered. These medications help to reduce the size and number of syringomas but may have side effects and require careful monitoring.
Topical Atropine: Atropine eye drops, when applied topically to syringomas, can sometimes improve their appearance by causing localized dryness and constriction of the sweat ducts. This may lead to a reduction in the size of the lesions. However, the effects are often temporary, and the treatment needs to be continued for maintenance.
Adelmidrol: Adelmidrol is a synthetic derivative of a naturally occurring fatty acid amide. Some reports suggest that adelmidrol cream may have anti-inflammatory properties and could potentially be used to reduce inflammation associated with syringomas. However, more research is needed to establish its efficacy.
surgical-procedures-involved-in-syringoma
Syringomas are benign skin tumors that are typically harmless but can be cosmetically bothersome. There are various treatment options available for syringomas, depending on the size, location, and extent of the lesions, as well as the patient’s preferences.
Surgical Excision: Surgical excision involves the removal of syringomas using a scalpel or surgical scissors. This method is suitable for larger or bothersome syringomas. The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia, and the surgeon carefully cuts out the syringoma. Stitches are used to close the incision. Surgical excision can provide immediate and complete removal of the lesions. However, it may leave a small scar, and the recovery period may vary based on the location and size of the excised syringoma.
Electrodessication and Curettage (EDC): EDC is a dermatological procedure often used for the treatment of syringomas. It involves two steps: Curettage: The top layer of the skin containing the syringoma is scraped off using a curette, a spoon-shaped instrument. Electrodessication: The base of the lesion is cauterized (burned) using an electric current to destroy any remaining tissue and stop bleeding. EDC is effective for removing individual or small clusters of syringomas. It can provide good cosmetic results with minimal scarring.
Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy involves freezing the syringomas with liquid nitrogen. This causes the lesions to freeze, die, and eventually fall off. Cryotherapy is suitable for small syringomas and is a quick and painless procedure. However, it may require multiple sessions for complete resolution.
Laser Therapy: Lasers, such as CO2 or erbium lasers, can be used to target and destroy syringomas. Laser therapy is often effective for individual or localized syringomas. Laser treatment can provide good cosmetic outcomes with minimal scarring. Multiple sessions are required for optimal results.
Electrocautery: Electrocautery involves the use of an electrical current to burn and destroy the syringomas. It is like electrodessication but may use a different instrument. Electrocautery is a quick and effective method for removing syringomas, especially when they are small and superficial.
management-of-syringoma
Assessment and Diagnosis: The initial phase involves a dermatologist or healthcare provider assessing the syringomas, confirming the diagnosis, and evaluating their size, location, and appearance.
Treatment Phase: This phase involves the actual treatment of syringomas using various methods, which may include:
Surgical Excision: For larger or bothersome syringomas.
Electrodessication and Curettage (EDC): Effective for individual or small clusters of syringomas.
Cryotherapy: Freezing small syringomas with liquid nitrogen.
Laser Therapy: Using lasers to target and destroy syringomas.
Electrocautery: Employing an electric current to burn and destroy the lesions.
The treatment phase aims to remove or reduce the size of syringomas and improve their appearance.
Recovery and Follow-Up:
After treatment, there is a recovery period during which the skin heals. Depending on the treatment method, this may involve wound care, post-procedure medications, or rest.
Follow-up appointments with the dermatologist are crucial to monitor the healing process and assess the results of the treatment.
In some cases, additional treatment sessions may be required for optimal outcomes.
Long-Term Management:
For some individuals, syringomas may recur or new ones may develop over time.
Long-term management may involve periodic follow-up appointments with a dermatologist to monitor for recurrence and discuss any concerns.
Lifestyle modifications, including sun protection and gentle skincare practices, may be recommended to maintain skin health.
Medication
Future Trends
Media Gallary
References
Cutaneous Syringoma: A Study of 34 New Cases and Review of the Literature
Syringoma is a benign and typically harmless skin condition characterized by the development of small, firm, and flesh-colored or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface. These benign tumors are most commonly found on the eyelids, although they can occur in other areas of the face and body. Syringomas are the result of the overgrowth of eccrine sweat gland ducts, and they are often asymptomatic. They are more common in women than men and tend to become more noticeable with age. While syringomas are primarily a cosmetic concern, individuals seeking their removal or treatment should consult a dermatologist for suitable options.
Prevalence: Syringomas are a relatively common skin condition, and can affect individuals of all ages. However, they tend to become more noticeable and prevalent in adulthood.
Gender: Syringomas are more commonly seen in females than in males. This gender difference is particularly noticeable in adults.
Age: Syringomas can develop at any age, but they often become more prominent and symptomatic in adulthood, typically during the third or fourth decade of life.
Location: Syringomas are commonly found on the eyelids, especially the lower eyelids. However, they can also appear in other areas of the face, neck, chest, and armpits.
Familial Cases: In some instances, there may be a familial predisposition to syringomas, suggesting a genetic component to the condition. Familial cases tend to be rare.
Ethnicity: Syringomas can affect individuals of all ethnic backgrounds. There are no significant ethnic or racial predispositions associated with syringoma development.
Origin from Eccrine Sweat Glands: Syringomas originate from the eccrine sweat glands, which are the most common type of sweat glands in the skin. These glands are responsible for producing sweat, which helps regulate body temperature.
Abnormal Duct Formation: In syringomas, there is an overgrowth or abnormal proliferation of the ductal structures of the eccrine sweat glands. These ducts are responsible for carrying sweat from the gland to the skin surface.
Tumor Formation: As a result of this overgrowth, small, cystic, or tubular structures develop within the skin’s dermal layer. These structures are typically filled with sweat-like fluid.
Location and Distribution: Syringomas are often found in the dermal layer of skin, especially in areas where eccrine sweat glands are abundant, such as the eyelids. However, they can also occur in other facial regions, the neck, chest, and armpits.
Histological Characteristics: Under a microscope, syringomas exhibit specific histological features, including cystic or ductal structures surrounded by connective tissue. These features help dermatopathologists distinguish them from other skin conditions.
Asymptomatic Nature: Syringomas are generally asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause pain or discomfort in most cases. They are primarily a cosmetic concern due to their appearance.
Genetics: Individuals may have a genetic predisposition to develop syringomas. Familial cases of syringomas have been reported, suggesting a hereditary component. However, the inheritance pattern is not well-defined.
Eccrine Sweat Glands: Syringomas from the eccrine sweat glands are responsible for producing sweat. The overgrowth or abnormal proliferation of these glands’ ductal structures may be a contributing factor.
Hormonal Factors: The changes, such as those that occur during puberty and pregnancy, have been associated with the development of syringomas in some cases. This suggests that hormonal fluctuations may play a role in their formation.
Age: Syringomas can develop at any age, but they tend to become more prominent and noticeable in adulthood, typically during the third or fourth decade of life.
Unknown Triggers: In some instances, syringomas may appear without an identifiable trigger or underlying medical condition.
Location: Syringomas that develop in visible or sensitive areas of the skin, such as the eyelids, can be a cosmetic concern. Their prognosis, in terms of appearance and patient satisfaction, may be influenced by their location.
Treatment Outcomes: If an individual chooses to have their syringomas removed or treated for cosmetic reasons, the prognosis depends on the success of the chosen treatment method. Most removal techniques are safe and effective, but there may be some risk of scarring or pigmentation changes.
Recurrence: In some cases, syringomas may recur after treatment. The prognosis in such cases would depend on the specific treatment approach and the likelihood of recurrence.
Psychological Impact: While not a medical prognosis, the psychological impact of syringomas on an individual’s self-esteem and well-being can be significant. Effective treatment and support from healthcare professionals can help address these concerns.
Age of Onset: Syringomas can develop at any age but tend to become more noticeable in adulthood, particularly during the third or fourth decade of life.
Gender: Syringomas are more commonly observed in females than in males.
Skin Type: Syringomas can affect individuals of all skin types and ethnic backgrounds.
Comorbidities: Syringomas are not associated with specific comorbidities or underlying medical conditions. However, they may coexist with other skin conditions or dermatological concerns.
Acuity of Presentation: The presentation of syringomas is typically gradual and painless. Individuals may notice the development of small, firm, flesh-colored or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface over time. These bumps are often small and may be grouped closely together. In some cases, individuals may seek medical evaluation due to cosmetic concerns, especially when syringomas are located in visible areas, such as the eyelids.
Symptoms: Syringomas are usually asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause pain or discomfort. They are primarily a cosmetic concern due to their appearance.
Family History: In some cases, there may be a family history of syringomas, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
Location: Syringomas are most commonly found on the eyelids, especially the lower eyelids. However, they can occur in other areas of the face, neck, chest, and armpits. The provider will assess the specific location of the syringomas.
Appearance: Syringomas typically present as small, firm, flesh-colored or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface. These bumps are often tiny and may be closely grouped together in clusters. The provider will examine the size, color, and distribution of the syringomas.
Texture: Syringomas are usually non-tender and have a firm or slightly raised texture. The provider will palpate (touch) the syringomas to assess their consistency and texture.
Symmetry: Syringomas often appear symmetrically, meaning they are present on both sides of the body, such as both lower eyelids. The provider will check for symmetry in the distribution of syringomas.
Number: Syringomas can vary in number, from just a few to numerous bumps in a given area. The provider will count and document the number of syringomas.
Other Skin Changes: The provider will examine the surrounding skin for any associated changes, such as redness, inflammation, or signs of infection, although these are not typical features of syringomas.
Milia: Milia are the small, white, or yellowish cysts that resemble syringomas. They are typically found on the face, especially around the eyes, and are caused by trapped keratin (skin protein) beneath the skin’s surface. Unlike syringomas, milia do not involve the sweat glands.
Xanthelasma: Xanthelasma is the presence of yellowish, raised plaques on the eyelids. These plaques are composed of cholesterol deposits and may resemble syringomas. Xanthelasma is associated with lipid (cholesterol) abnormalities.
Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra (DPN): DPN is a skin condition that primarily affects individuals with darker skin tones. It involves the development of small, dark-colored papules on the face, particularly around the eyes and cheeks. DPN can have a similar appearance to syringomas.
Sebaceous Hyperplasia: Sebaceous hyperplasia is characterized by enlarged sebaceous glands, resulting in small, yellowish bumps on the face, particularly the forehead and cheeks. They can sometimes resemble syringomas but are associated with sebaceous (oil) glands rather than sweat glands.
Trichoepitheliomas: Trichoepitheliomas are benign skin tumors that can resemble syringomas in appearance. They often occur on the face and have a characteristic central depression or pore-like opening.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): In rare cases, syringomas may be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer. BCC lesions often have a pearly or translucent appearance and may bleed or ulcerate, which is not typical of syringomas.
Multiple Eruptive Syringomas: This is a specific variant of syringomas that can be mistaken for other skin conditions due to its sudden onset and widespread distribution of small papules. It is a rarer form of syringoma.
Clinical Evaluation: A dermatologist or healthcare provider evaluates the syringomas through a physical examination to confirm the diagnosis and assess their characteristics.
Patient Education: The healthcare provider discusses treatment options with the patient and addresses any concerns. The provider may explain that while syringomas are benign, they can be treated for cosmetic reasons.
Topical Therapies: These may include retinoids or alpha hydroxy acids, which may improve the appearance of syringomas over time. Topical treatments may be more suitable for smaller syringomas.
Electrocautery or Laser Therapy: These methods involve using a special device to target and destroy syringomas. Electrocautery uses heat, while lasers use focused light energy. These treatments are often effective for individual or small clusters of syringomas.
Excision or Incision: For larger or more numerous syringomas, surgical removal through excision or incision may be recommended. This involves cutting out the syringomas under local anesthesia.
Post-Treatment Care: After treatment, the healthcare provider provides instructions for wound care, if applicable. Patients are used to protect the treated area from sun exposure and to use sunscreen regularly to prevent pigmentation changes.
Dermatology, General
Lifestyle modifications:
Sun Protection: Protecting skin from sun is essential to prevent sun damage and minimize the appearance of syringomas. Use sunscreen with the SPF of 30 or higher, wear protective clothing, & seek shade when outdoors, especially during peak sun hours.
Gentle Skincare: Be gentle when caring for your skin. Use mild, hypoallergenic cleansers and moisturizers that are suitable for your skin type. Avoid harsh exfoliants and abrasive scrubs that can irritate the skin.
Avoid Picking or Scratching: Avoid picking or scratching at syringomas or other skin lesions. Doing so can lead to irritation, infection, and potential scarring.
Cosmetic Camouflage: Some individuals may choose to use makeup to conceal the appearance of syringomas. Consult with a dermatologist for advice on makeup products and techniques to achieve effective camouflage.
Diet and Hydration: Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables to support overall skin health. Staying hydrated by drinking water can also contribute to healthy-looking skin.
Dermatology, General
Topical Retinoids (Tretinoin): Topical retinoids like tretinoin (Retin-A) may be prescribed by a dermatologist. These medications can help improve skin texture and reduce the appearance of syringomas over time by increasing cell turnover. However, the response to topical retinoids can be slow, and complete resolution may not occur.
Oral Isotretinoin and Acitretin: In some cases, especially when syringomas are extensive or causing significant cosmetic concerns, oral retinoids like isotretinoin (Accutane) or acitretin (Soriatane) may be considered. These medications help to reduce the size and number of syringomas but may have side effects and require careful monitoring.
Topical Atropine: Atropine eye drops, when applied topically to syringomas, can sometimes improve their appearance by causing localized dryness and constriction of the sweat ducts. This may lead to a reduction in the size of the lesions. However, the effects are often temporary, and the treatment needs to be continued for maintenance.
Adelmidrol: Adelmidrol is a synthetic derivative of a naturally occurring fatty acid amide. Some reports suggest that adelmidrol cream may have anti-inflammatory properties and could potentially be used to reduce inflammation associated with syringomas. However, more research is needed to establish its efficacy.
Dermatology, General
Internal Medicine
Syringomas are benign skin tumors that are typically harmless but can be cosmetically bothersome. There are various treatment options available for syringomas, depending on the size, location, and extent of the lesions, as well as the patient’s preferences.
Surgical Excision: Surgical excision involves the removal of syringomas using a scalpel or surgical scissors. This method is suitable for larger or bothersome syringomas. The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia, and the surgeon carefully cuts out the syringoma. Stitches are used to close the incision. Surgical excision can provide immediate and complete removal of the lesions. However, it may leave a small scar, and the recovery period may vary based on the location and size of the excised syringoma.
Electrodessication and Curettage (EDC): EDC is a dermatological procedure often used for the treatment of syringomas. It involves two steps: Curettage: The top layer of the skin containing the syringoma is scraped off using a curette, a spoon-shaped instrument. Electrodessication: The base of the lesion is cauterized (burned) using an electric current to destroy any remaining tissue and stop bleeding. EDC is effective for removing individual or small clusters of syringomas. It can provide good cosmetic results with minimal scarring.
Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy involves freezing the syringomas with liquid nitrogen. This causes the lesions to freeze, die, and eventually fall off. Cryotherapy is suitable for small syringomas and is a quick and painless procedure. However, it may require multiple sessions for complete resolution.
Laser Therapy: Lasers, such as CO2 or erbium lasers, can be used to target and destroy syringomas. Laser therapy is often effective for individual or localized syringomas. Laser treatment can provide good cosmetic outcomes with minimal scarring. Multiple sessions are required for optimal results.
Electrocautery: Electrocautery involves the use of an electrical current to burn and destroy the syringomas. It is like electrodessication but may use a different instrument. Electrocautery is a quick and effective method for removing syringomas, especially when they are small and superficial.
Dermatology, General
Internal Medicine
Assessment and Diagnosis: The initial phase involves a dermatologist or healthcare provider assessing the syringomas, confirming the diagnosis, and evaluating their size, location, and appearance.
Treatment Phase: This phase involves the actual treatment of syringomas using various methods, which may include:
Surgical Excision: For larger or bothersome syringomas.
Electrodessication and Curettage (EDC): Effective for individual or small clusters of syringomas.
Cryotherapy: Freezing small syringomas with liquid nitrogen.
Laser Therapy: Using lasers to target and destroy syringomas.
Electrocautery: Employing an electric current to burn and destroy the lesions.
The treatment phase aims to remove or reduce the size of syringomas and improve their appearance.
Recovery and Follow-Up:
After treatment, there is a recovery period during which the skin heals. Depending on the treatment method, this may involve wound care, post-procedure medications, or rest.
Follow-up appointments with the dermatologist are crucial to monitor the healing process and assess the results of the treatment.
In some cases, additional treatment sessions may be required for optimal outcomes.
Long-Term Management:
For some individuals, syringomas may recur or new ones may develop over time.
Long-term management may involve periodic follow-up appointments with a dermatologist to monitor for recurrence and discuss any concerns.
Lifestyle modifications, including sun protection and gentle skincare practices, may be recommended to maintain skin health.
Cutaneous Syringoma: A Study of 34 New Cases and Review of the Literature
www.Syringoma – an overview. sciencedirect.com
medtigo
Syringoma
Updated :
October 11, 2023
Syringoma is a benign and typically harmless skin condition characterized by the development of small, firm, and flesh-colored or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface. These benign tumors are most commonly found on the eyelids, although they can occur in other areas of the face and body. Syringomas are the result of the overgrowth of eccrine sweat gland ducts, and they are often asymptomatic. They are more common in women than men and tend to become more noticeable with age. While syringomas are primarily a cosmetic concern, individuals seeking their removal or treatment should consult a dermatologist for suitable options.
Prevalence: Syringomas are a relatively common skin condition, and can affect individuals of all ages. However, they tend to become more noticeable and prevalent in adulthood.
Gender: Syringomas are more commonly seen in females than in males. This gender difference is particularly noticeable in adults.
Age: Syringomas can develop at any age, but they often become more prominent and symptomatic in adulthood, typically during the third or fourth decade of life.
Location: Syringomas are commonly found on the eyelids, especially the lower eyelids. However, they can also appear in other areas of the face, neck, chest, and armpits.
Familial Cases: In some instances, there may be a familial predisposition to syringomas, suggesting a genetic component to the condition. Familial cases tend to be rare.
Ethnicity: Syringomas can affect individuals of all ethnic backgrounds. There are no significant ethnic or racial predispositions associated with syringoma development.
Origin from Eccrine Sweat Glands: Syringomas originate from the eccrine sweat glands, which are the most common type of sweat glands in the skin. These glands are responsible for producing sweat, which helps regulate body temperature.
Abnormal Duct Formation: In syringomas, there is an overgrowth or abnormal proliferation of the ductal structures of the eccrine sweat glands. These ducts are responsible for carrying sweat from the gland to the skin surface.
Tumor Formation: As a result of this overgrowth, small, cystic, or tubular structures develop within the skin’s dermal layer. These structures are typically filled with sweat-like fluid.
Location and Distribution: Syringomas are often found in the dermal layer of skin, especially in areas where eccrine sweat glands are abundant, such as the eyelids. However, they can also occur in other facial regions, the neck, chest, and armpits.
Histological Characteristics: Under a microscope, syringomas exhibit specific histological features, including cystic or ductal structures surrounded by connective tissue. These features help dermatopathologists distinguish them from other skin conditions.
Asymptomatic Nature: Syringomas are generally asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause pain or discomfort in most cases. They are primarily a cosmetic concern due to their appearance.
Genetics: Individuals may have a genetic predisposition to develop syringomas. Familial cases of syringomas have been reported, suggesting a hereditary component. However, the inheritance pattern is not well-defined.
Eccrine Sweat Glands: Syringomas from the eccrine sweat glands are responsible for producing sweat. The overgrowth or abnormal proliferation of these glands’ ductal structures may be a contributing factor.
Hormonal Factors: The changes, such as those that occur during puberty and pregnancy, have been associated with the development of syringomas in some cases. This suggests that hormonal fluctuations may play a role in their formation.
Age: Syringomas can develop at any age, but they tend to become more prominent and noticeable in adulthood, typically during the third or fourth decade of life.
Unknown Triggers: In some instances, syringomas may appear without an identifiable trigger or underlying medical condition.
Location: Syringomas that develop in visible or sensitive areas of the skin, such as the eyelids, can be a cosmetic concern. Their prognosis, in terms of appearance and patient satisfaction, may be influenced by their location.
Treatment Outcomes: If an individual chooses to have their syringomas removed or treated for cosmetic reasons, the prognosis depends on the success of the chosen treatment method. Most removal techniques are safe and effective, but there may be some risk of scarring or pigmentation changes.
Recurrence: In some cases, syringomas may recur after treatment. The prognosis in such cases would depend on the specific treatment approach and the likelihood of recurrence.
Psychological Impact: While not a medical prognosis, the psychological impact of syringomas on an individual’s self-esteem and well-being can be significant. Effective treatment and support from healthcare professionals can help address these concerns.
Age of Onset: Syringomas can develop at any age but tend to become more noticeable in adulthood, particularly during the third or fourth decade of life.
Gender: Syringomas are more commonly observed in females than in males.
Skin Type: Syringomas can affect individuals of all skin types and ethnic backgrounds.
Comorbidities: Syringomas are not associated with specific comorbidities or underlying medical conditions. However, they may coexist with other skin conditions or dermatological concerns.
Acuity of Presentation: The presentation of syringomas is typically gradual and painless. Individuals may notice the development of small, firm, flesh-colored or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface over time. These bumps are often small and may be grouped closely together. In some cases, individuals may seek medical evaluation due to cosmetic concerns, especially when syringomas are located in visible areas, such as the eyelids.
Symptoms: Syringomas are usually asymptomatic, meaning they do not cause pain or discomfort. They are primarily a cosmetic concern due to their appearance.
Family History: In some cases, there may be a family history of syringomas, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
Location: Syringomas are most commonly found on the eyelids, especially the lower eyelids. However, they can occur in other areas of the face, neck, chest, and armpits. The provider will assess the specific location of the syringomas.
Appearance: Syringomas typically present as small, firm, flesh-colored or yellowish bumps on the skin’s surface. These bumps are often tiny and may be closely grouped together in clusters. The provider will examine the size, color, and distribution of the syringomas.
Texture: Syringomas are usually non-tender and have a firm or slightly raised texture. The provider will palpate (touch) the syringomas to assess their consistency and texture.
Symmetry: Syringomas often appear symmetrically, meaning they are present on both sides of the body, such as both lower eyelids. The provider will check for symmetry in the distribution of syringomas.
Number: Syringomas can vary in number, from just a few to numerous bumps in a given area. The provider will count and document the number of syringomas.
Other Skin Changes: The provider will examine the surrounding skin for any associated changes, such as redness, inflammation, or signs of infection, although these are not typical features of syringomas.
Milia: Milia are the small, white, or yellowish cysts that resemble syringomas. They are typically found on the face, especially around the eyes, and are caused by trapped keratin (skin protein) beneath the skin’s surface. Unlike syringomas, milia do not involve the sweat glands.
Xanthelasma: Xanthelasma is the presence of yellowish, raised plaques on the eyelids. These plaques are composed of cholesterol deposits and may resemble syringomas. Xanthelasma is associated with lipid (cholesterol) abnormalities.
Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra (DPN): DPN is a skin condition that primarily affects individuals with darker skin tones. It involves the development of small, dark-colored papules on the face, particularly around the eyes and cheeks. DPN can have a similar appearance to syringomas.
Sebaceous Hyperplasia: Sebaceous hyperplasia is characterized by enlarged sebaceous glands, resulting in small, yellowish bumps on the face, particularly the forehead and cheeks. They can sometimes resemble syringomas but are associated with sebaceous (oil) glands rather than sweat glands.
Trichoepitheliomas: Trichoepitheliomas are benign skin tumors that can resemble syringomas in appearance. They often occur on the face and have a characteristic central depression or pore-like opening.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): In rare cases, syringomas may be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma, a type of skin cancer. BCC lesions often have a pearly or translucent appearance and may bleed or ulcerate, which is not typical of syringomas.
Multiple Eruptive Syringomas: This is a specific variant of syringomas that can be mistaken for other skin conditions due to its sudden onset and widespread distribution of small papules. It is a rarer form of syringoma.
Clinical Evaluation: A dermatologist or healthcare provider evaluates the syringomas through a physical examination to confirm the diagnosis and assess their characteristics.
Patient Education: The healthcare provider discusses treatment options with the patient and addresses any concerns. The provider may explain that while syringomas are benign, they can be treated for cosmetic reasons.
Topical Therapies: These may include retinoids or alpha hydroxy acids, which may improve the appearance of syringomas over time. Topical treatments may be more suitable for smaller syringomas.
Electrocautery or Laser Therapy: These methods involve using a special device to target and destroy syringomas. Electrocautery uses heat, while lasers use focused light energy. These treatments are often effective for individual or small clusters of syringomas.
Excision or Incision: For larger or more numerous syringomas, surgical removal through excision or incision may be recommended. This involves cutting out the syringomas under local anesthesia.
Post-Treatment Care: After treatment, the healthcare provider provides instructions for wound care, if applicable. Patients are used to protect the treated area from sun exposure and to use sunscreen regularly to prevent pigmentation changes.
Dermatology, General
Lifestyle modifications:
Sun Protection: Protecting skin from sun is essential to prevent sun damage and minimize the appearance of syringomas. Use sunscreen with the SPF of 30 or higher, wear protective clothing, & seek shade when outdoors, especially during peak sun hours.
Gentle Skincare: Be gentle when caring for your skin. Use mild, hypoallergenic cleansers and moisturizers that are suitable for your skin type. Avoid harsh exfoliants and abrasive scrubs that can irritate the skin.
Avoid Picking or Scratching: Avoid picking or scratching at syringomas or other skin lesions. Doing so can lead to irritation, infection, and potential scarring.
Cosmetic Camouflage: Some individuals may choose to use makeup to conceal the appearance of syringomas. Consult with a dermatologist for advice on makeup products and techniques to achieve effective camouflage.
Diet and Hydration: Maintain a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables to support overall skin health. Staying hydrated by drinking water can also contribute to healthy-looking skin.
Dermatology, General
Topical Retinoids (Tretinoin): Topical retinoids like tretinoin (Retin-A) may be prescribed by a dermatologist. These medications can help improve skin texture and reduce the appearance of syringomas over time by increasing cell turnover. However, the response to topical retinoids can be slow, and complete resolution may not occur.
Oral Isotretinoin and Acitretin: In some cases, especially when syringomas are extensive or causing significant cosmetic concerns, oral retinoids like isotretinoin (Accutane) or acitretin (Soriatane) may be considered. These medications help to reduce the size and number of syringomas but may have side effects and require careful monitoring.
Topical Atropine: Atropine eye drops, when applied topically to syringomas, can sometimes improve their appearance by causing localized dryness and constriction of the sweat ducts. This may lead to a reduction in the size of the lesions. However, the effects are often temporary, and the treatment needs to be continued for maintenance.
Adelmidrol: Adelmidrol is a synthetic derivative of a naturally occurring fatty acid amide. Some reports suggest that adelmidrol cream may have anti-inflammatory properties and could potentially be used to reduce inflammation associated with syringomas. However, more research is needed to establish its efficacy.
Dermatology, General
Internal Medicine
Syringomas are benign skin tumors that are typically harmless but can be cosmetically bothersome. There are various treatment options available for syringomas, depending on the size, location, and extent of the lesions, as well as the patient’s preferences.
Surgical Excision: Surgical excision involves the removal of syringomas using a scalpel or surgical scissors. This method is suitable for larger or bothersome syringomas. The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia, and the surgeon carefully cuts out the syringoma. Stitches are used to close the incision. Surgical excision can provide immediate and complete removal of the lesions. However, it may leave a small scar, and the recovery period may vary based on the location and size of the excised syringoma.
Electrodessication and Curettage (EDC): EDC is a dermatological procedure often used for the treatment of syringomas. It involves two steps: Curettage: The top layer of the skin containing the syringoma is scraped off using a curette, a spoon-shaped instrument. Electrodessication: The base of the lesion is cauterized (burned) using an electric current to destroy any remaining tissue and stop bleeding. EDC is effective for removing individual or small clusters of syringomas. It can provide good cosmetic results with minimal scarring.
Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy involves freezing the syringomas with liquid nitrogen. This causes the lesions to freeze, die, and eventually fall off. Cryotherapy is suitable for small syringomas and is a quick and painless procedure. However, it may require multiple sessions for complete resolution.
Laser Therapy: Lasers, such as CO2 or erbium lasers, can be used to target and destroy syringomas. Laser therapy is often effective for individual or localized syringomas. Laser treatment can provide good cosmetic outcomes with minimal scarring. Multiple sessions are required for optimal results.
Electrocautery: Electrocautery involves the use of an electrical current to burn and destroy the syringomas. It is like electrodessication but may use a different instrument. Electrocautery is a quick and effective method for removing syringomas, especially when they are small and superficial.
Dermatology, General
Internal Medicine
Assessment and Diagnosis: The initial phase involves a dermatologist or healthcare provider assessing the syringomas, confirming the diagnosis, and evaluating their size, location, and appearance.
Treatment Phase: This phase involves the actual treatment of syringomas using various methods, which may include:
Surgical Excision: For larger or bothersome syringomas.
Electrodessication and Curettage (EDC): Effective for individual or small clusters of syringomas.
Cryotherapy: Freezing small syringomas with liquid nitrogen.
Laser Therapy: Using lasers to target and destroy syringomas.
Electrocautery: Employing an electric current to burn and destroy the lesions.
The treatment phase aims to remove or reduce the size of syringomas and improve their appearance.
Recovery and Follow-Up:
After treatment, there is a recovery period during which the skin heals. Depending on the treatment method, this may involve wound care, post-procedure medications, or rest.
Follow-up appointments with the dermatologist are crucial to monitor the healing process and assess the results of the treatment.
In some cases, additional treatment sessions may be required for optimal outcomes.
Long-Term Management:
For some individuals, syringomas may recur or new ones may develop over time.
Long-term management may involve periodic follow-up appointments with a dermatologist to monitor for recurrence and discuss any concerns.
Lifestyle modifications, including sun protection and gentle skincare practices, may be recommended to maintain skin health.
Cutaneous Syringoma: A Study of 34 New Cases and Review of the Literature
www.Syringoma – an overview. sciencedirect.com
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