Tonic Clonic Seizures

Updated: June 4, 2023

Background

Epidemiology

Anatomy

Pathophysiology

Etiology

Genetics

Prognostic Factors

Clinical History

Physical Examination

Age group

Associated comorbidity

Associated activity

Acuity of presentation

Differential Diagnoses

Laboratory Studies

Imaging Studies

Procedures

Histologic Findings

Staging

Treatment Paradigm

by Stage

by Modality

Chemotherapy

Radiation Therapy

Surgical Interventions

Hormone Therapy

Immunotherapy

Hyperthermia

Photodynamic Therapy

Stem Cell Transplant

Targeted Therapy

Palliative Care

Medication

perampanel

Initial dose:
2mg orally at bedtime; may be increased by 2 mg once a week

Maintenance dose:
8 mg daily; some may respond with 12mg
Do not exceed 12 mg daily

perampanel

Age: >12 years

Initial dose:
2mg orally at bedtime; may be increased by 2 mg once a week

Maintenance dose:
8 mg daily; some may respond with 12mg
Do not exceed 12 mg daily

lacosamide

IV/Orally:50mg every 12 hours
Increase by 50mg weekly intervals up to 100-200mg twice a day

Dose Adjustments

Renal impairment:
CrCl ≥30 mL/minute: Initial and maintenance: No dosage adjustment is necessary
CrCl <30 mL/minute:
Initial: No dosage adjustment necessary; use caution in maintenance dose
Hepatic impairment:
Mild to moderate: no dosage adjustment is necessary
Severe: Not recommended

Future Trends