dexibuprofen

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

dexibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) derivative of ibuprofen. It is used to reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. dexibuprofen is available in prescription and over-the-counter formulations, depending on the country and the specific product.  

Mechanism of Action: 

dexibuprofen works primarily by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase. There are two isoforms of this enzyme, COX-1 and also COX-2. 

COX-1 maintains normal physiological functions like protecting the stomach lining and regulating blood clotting. 

COX-2 is induced during inflammation and produces prostaglandins, vital in the inflammatory response. 

dexibuprofen, like ibuprofen, is a non-selective COX inhibitor, which can inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2. This inhibition leads to decreased prostaglandin production and reduced pain, inflammation, and fever. 

Anti-inflammatory: dexibuprofen, like other NSAIDs, is effective at reducing inflammation.  

Analgesic (Pain-Relieving): dexibuprofen relieves pain caused by various conditions, including headaches, dental pain, menstrual cramps, and musculoskeletal pain. 

Antipyretic (Fever-Reducing): dexibuprofen can help reduce fever by generally acting on the hypothalamus in the brain, which regulates body temperature. 

Spectrum of Activity: dexibuprofen is effective against many conditions where pain, inflammation, and fever are prominent symptoms.  

Arthritis (e.g., osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis) 

Musculoskeletal pain (e.g., sprains, strains) 

Headaches (e.g., tension headaches, migraines) 

Dental pain 

Menstrual cramps 

Post-surgical pain and inflammation 

Fever is associated with various illnesses. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined 

Visual disturbances 

Allergic purpura 

Dyspepsia 

Abdominal pain 

Acute renal failure 

Increased SGOT and SGPT 

Interstitial nephritis 

Renal papillary necrosis 

Vomiting 

Fatigue 

Diarrhea 

Angioedema 

Glomerular nephritis 

Nausea 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning: 

None 

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindication 

• Allergy or Hypersensitivity: Individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to dexibuprofen, ibuprofen, or other NSAIDs should not use dexibuprofen. 
• Active Peptic Ulcers: dexibuprofen can increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcers. It is contraindicated in individuals with active peptic ulcers or a history of recurrent ulcers. 
• Gastrointestinal Bleeding: If someone is currently experiencing gastrointestinal bleeding, dexibuprofen should be avoided as it can worsen this condition. 
• Severe Kidney Disease: dexibuprofen and other NSAIDs can affect kidney function. It should be avoided in individuals with severe kidney impairment or chronic kidney disease, especially if a healthcare provider is not closely monitoring them. 
• Severe Liver Disease: Individuals with severe liver disease should also avoid dexibuprofen because it can affect liver function. 
• History of GI Bleeding or Ulcers: People with a history of gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers, even if they are not currently active, should use dexibuprofen with caution and under the supervision of a healthcare provider. 
• Severe Heart Failure: dexibuprofen may lead to fluid retention and exacerbate heart failure. It is generally contraindicated in individuals with severe heart failure. 
• Third Trimester of Pregnancy: NSAIDs, including dexibuprofen, are generally not recommended during the third trimester due to potential risks to the fetus and possible complications during labor and delivery. 
• Bleeding Disorders: dexibuprofen can impair platelet function and increase the risk of bleeding. It should be used cautiously in individuals with bleeding disorders or those taking medications that affect blood clotting. 
• Children under a Certain Age: dexibuprofen may have specific age restrictions, and pediatric formulations should adhere to recommended age and weight guidelines.  
• Certain Medication Interactions: dexibuprofen can interact with other medications, including blood thinners, certain blood pressure medications, and medications. 

Caution 

• Gastrointestinal (GI) Effects: dexibuprofen can enhance the risk of gastrointestinal side effects, like stomach ulcers, bleeding, and irritation. If you have a history of GI problems, including ulcers or bleeding, or are at an increased risk due to age, it’s essential to use dexibuprofen cautiously.  
• Kidney Function: dexibuprofen can affect kidney function, and its use should be monitored in individuals with kidney impairment or chronic kidney disease.  
• Liver Function: People with liver disease or impaired liver function should use dexibuprofen cautiously, as it can affect liver enzymes. Monitoring liver function may be necessary. 
• Fluid Retention: dexibuprofen can cause fluid retention, which may be problematic for individuals with heart failure or hypertension. Inform your healthcare provider if you have such conditions and are prescribed dexibuprofen. 
• Asthma: Some individuals with asthma may be more prone to bronchospasm or exacerbation of their condition when using NSAIDs like dexibuprofen. If you have asthma, discuss the use of dexibuprofen with your healthcare provider and monitor your symptoms closely. 
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: dexibuprofen should be used cautiously during pregnancy, especially during the first and second trimesters, as it may have potential risks to the fetus. It is generally contraindicated during the third trimester. Nursing mothers should also exercise caution when using dexibuprofen, as it can pass into breast milk. 
• Age and Pediatrics: dexibuprofen may have specific age and weight restrictions for pediatric use.  
• Medication Interactions: dexibuprofen can interact with other medications, including blood thinners, antihypertensive drugs, and certain antidepressants. Inform your healthcare provider and pharmacist of your medications to check for potential interactions. 
• Duration of Use: Avoid prolonged or excessive use of dexibuprofen, as long-term use can increase the risk of adverse effects. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration:  

US FDA pregnancy category: Not assigned. 

Lactation:   

Excreted into human milk: Not known. 

Pregnancy category: 

• Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 
• Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women. 
• Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    
• Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.    
• Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence, these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    
• Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

dexibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that exerts its pharmacological effects primarily by inhibiting the activity of the enzymes cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). By blocking these enzymes, dexibuprofen reduces the production of prostaglandins, signaling molecules involved in inflammation, pain, and fever.

This inhibition leads to a decrease in the inflammatory response, pain relief, and fever reduction. dexibuprofen is well-absorbed when taken orally and has a relatively short half-life, making it suitable for short-term relief of pain and inflammation. It is used to manage various painful conditions and inflammatory disorders. However, its use requires careful consideration of contraindications, potential interactions, and individual patient factors to minimize side effects and risks. 

Pharmacodynamics: 

Mechanism of action: dexibuprofen, like other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), exerts its mechanism of action primarily by inhibiting the activity of enzymes called the  cyclooxygenases (COX). The primary isoforms of COX are COX-1 and COX-2.  

Inhibition of COX Enzymes: 

dexibuprofen is a non-selective COX inhibitor, which means it can inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. 

COX-2 is induced during inflammation and is responsible for producing prostaglandins, signaling molecules mediating the inflammatory response, pain perception, and fever. 

Reduction of Prostaglandin Production: 

By inhibiting COX enzymes, dexibuprofen reduces the production of prostaglandins. 

Prostaglandins are the critical mediators of the inflammatory process and are responsible for promoting pain, swelling, and heat at the site of inflammation. 

Anti-Inflammatory Effect: 

By lowering prostaglandin levels, dexibuprofen suppresses the inflammatory response, decreasing tissue swelling and redness. 

This anti-inflammatory effect helps alleviate the symptoms associated with inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis. 

Analgesic Effect: 

dexibuprofen’s inhibition of prostaglandins also leads to pain relief. Prostaglandins sensitize pain receptors, making them more responsive to painful stimuli. 

By reducing prostaglandin levels, dexibuprofen decreases pain perception. 

Antipyretic Effect: 

Prostaglandins plays a role in regulating body temperature, and fever-inducing agents can stimulate their production. 

dexibuprofen’s COX inhibition can lower prostaglandin levels, reducing fever by acting on the hypothalamus, the body’s temperature-regulating center. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

dexibuprofen is typically administered orally and is well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. 

Distribution 

After absorption, dexibuprofen is distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream. 

It can penetrate tissues, including inflamed tissues, where it exerts its anti-inflammatory effects. 

Metabolism 

dexibuprofen undergoes metabolism primarily in the liver. 

It is metabolized by various enzymes, including cytochrome P450 enzymes, into several metabolites. 

Elimination and Excretion 

The elimination of dexibuprofen and its metabolites occurs primarily through the kidneys. 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

Like other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), dexibuprofen should be taken according to the healthcare provider’s instructions or as directed on the product label. The dosage and administration of dexibuprofen can vary depending on the specific formulation and the condition being treated. Following these guidelines is essential to ensure safe and effective use.  

• Dosage: The appropriate dosage of dexibuprofen can vary based on factors such as age, weight, the severity of the condition, and individual response to the medication.  
• Frequency: dexibuprofen is typically taken two or three times a day, with or without food. Follow your healthcare provider’s recommendations or the instructions on the product label regarding dosing frequency. 
• Duration: The duration of dexibuprofen treatment will depend on the underlying condition being treated. It may be used for short-term relief of acute pain and inflammation or extended periods in chronic conditions like arthritis. Always adhere to the recommended duration of use provided by your healthcare provider. 
• Formulation: dexibuprofen is available in various formulations, including tablets, capsules, and oral suspension. Choose the formulation that is most suitable for your age and preferences. 
• Swallow Whole: If you take tablets or capsules, swallow them with a glass of water.  
• Food and Stomach Irritation: Taking dexibuprofen with food or milk can helps reduce the risk of stomach irritation. Discuss this with your healthcare provider if you experience stomach upset when taking the medication. 
• Pediatric Dosing: If you are administering dexibuprofen to a child, it’s crucial to use the appropriate pediatric formulation and follow the dosing instructions provided by the healthcare provider/on the product label. Dosing is typically based on the child’s weight. 
• Monitoring: While using dexibuprofen, your healthcare provider may recommend periodic monitoring of your kidney and liver function, especially if you have pre-existing kidney or liver conditions. 
• Missed Dose: If a dose is missed, taking it as soon as possible is generally recommended. However, if the next scheduled dose is missed, it should be skipped and the following dose should be taken at the appropriate time. It is key to avoid taking a double dose of the drug in order to compensate for the missed dose. 
• Special Considerations: If you have any specific medical conditions/are taking other medications, consult your healthcare provider or pharmacist before using dexibuprofen to ensure no contraindications or interactions. 
• Discontinuation: Do not stop taking dexibuprofen abruptly, especially if you have been using it for a prolonged period. Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions for tapering off the medication if necessary. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: dexibuprofen 

Why do we use dexibuprofen? 

dexibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic (pain-relieving), and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties. It is closely related to ibuprofen and shares many of its uses.  

Headaches (e.g., tension headaches, migraines) 

Dental pain (e.g., toothaches) 

Musculoskeletal pain (e.g., sprains, strains, muscle aches) 

Menstrual cramps 

Inflammation: dexibuprofen is effective at reducing inflammation and is used to manage inflammatory conditions such as: 

Arthritis (e.g., osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis) 

Tendonitis 

Bursitis 

Gout (as part of a treatment regimen) 

Fever Reduction: Like other NSAIDs, dexibuprofen can help reduce fever by acting on the hypothalamus in the brain, which regulates body temperature. It is used to manage fever associated with various illnesses. 

Post-Surgical Pain: dexibuprofen may be prescribed after specific surgical procedures to help manage post-operative pain and inflammation. 

Other Painful Conditions: dexibuprofen may also be used to manage pain associated with back pain, neck pain, and various forms of joint pain.