Mechanism of action and Spectrum

A peripheral vasodilator, nyldrin does this by directly relaxing the vascular smooth muscle and acting as a beta-agonist. nylidrin enhances blood flow to ischemic tissues with no change in blood pressure and raises cardiac output, but it does not appear to influence cutaneous blood flow

 

DRUG INTERACTION

Contraindicated  

Serious Use Alternative  

Monitor Closely  

Minor  

Frequency undefined:

Central nervous system: Vertigo and anxiety

Gastrointestinal: Vomiting and nauseous

Hypersensitivity: hypersensitive response

Tremor and skeletal and neuromuscular weakness

 

 

 

Contraindications

• Hypersensitivity: It should not be used in patients who have a known hypersensitivity or allergy to the drug or any of its components
• Coronary artery disease: It can increase heart rate and oxygen demand in the heart, which can be dangerous in patients with underlying coronary artery disease or other heart conditions
• Severe hypotension: It can cause a drop in blood pressure, which can be dangerous in patients with severely low blood pressure.
• Glaucoma:It can increase intraocular pressure, which can be dangerous in patients with glaucoma or other eye conditions.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: It should be used cautiously in pregnant or breastfeeding women, as its safety in these populations has not been established.

Caution

• Cardiovascular disease: It can increase heart rate and blood pressure, which can be dangerous in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease
• Renal impairment: It is eliminated from the body primarily through the kidneys, and patients with impaired renal function may require lower doses of the medication
• Hepatic impairment: It is metabolized in the liver, and patients with impaired hepatic function may require lower doses of the medication
• Elderly patients: Elderly patients may be more sensitive to the effects of nylidrin and may require lower doses of the medication
• Diabetes: It can increase blood glucose levels, which can be problematic in patients with diabetes
• Other medications: It can interact with other medications, including beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and other vasodilators

 

Pregnancy consideration: Insufficient data available

Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is known

Pregnancy category:

Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.

Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

 

Pharmacology

nylidrin is a vasodilator, which works by relaxing the smooth muscles in blood vessels, increasing blood flow. Nylidrin has both alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic effects. It acts as an alpha-1 receptor agonist, causing vasoconstriction, and as a beta-2 receptor agonist, causing vasodilation

nylidrin also has some other pharmacological effects. It increases heart rate and cardiac output, leading to an increase in oxygen delivery to tissues. It can also increase blood glucose levels, as it stimulates the release of glucose from the liver

Pharmacodynamics

nylidrin hydrochloride stimulates beta-receptors. nylidrin has been shown to stimulate beta in isolated rabbits, guinea pig, and dog tissues. This medication increases cardiac output and dilates skeletal muscle arterioles in anesthetized dogs, cats, and humans. Furthermore, noted are increased cerebral blood flow and decreased vascular resistance. This combination improves blood flow to ischemic areas without changing blood pressure (generally)

nylidrin increases stomach acid, peripheral vasodilation, and inotropy. One research found that intra-arterial treatment of this drug decreases total peripheral resistance and directly increases cardiac output. It immediately affects skeletal muscle arteries and arterioles. It inhibits uterine contractility, avoiding preterm labour

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption

It is administered orally, and its absorption is rapid and almost complete. The peak plasma concentration is reached within 1-2 hours of administration

Distribution

It is extensively distributed throughout the body, with a volume of distribution of 10-15 L/kg. It binds strongly to plasma proteins, primarily albumin. The drug can cross the blood-brain barrier and placenta, and it is also secreted into breast milk

Metabolism

It is primarily metabolized in the liver, mainly by glucuronidation, with a minor pathway involving oxidative metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes. The main metabolite is the glucuronide conjugate of nylidrin. The half-life of nylidrin is relatively short, around 1-2 hours

Excretion

nylidrin and its metabolites are mainly excreted in the urine, with around 60-70% of the administered dose eliminated within 24 hours. A small fraction of the drug is excreted in the feces

 

Administration

nylidrin is a medication that is used to treat conditions such as low blood pressure, heart failure, and Raynaud’s disease. It works by relaxing blood vessels and increasing blood flow

nylidrin is usually administered as an injection or an infusion in a hospital or clinical setting. The exact dose and duration of treatment will depend on the individual’s medical condition and response to the medication

 

Patient information leaflet

Generic Name: nylidrin

Why do we use nylidrin?

nylidrin has several medical uses, including:

• Treatment of hypotension: It is used to treat low blood pressure, especially in people with septic shock or other forms of shock.
• Treatment of peripheral vascular diseases: It can improve blood flow in the peripheral arteries and veins, making it helpful in treating conditions such as peripheral artery disease, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and intermittent claudication.
• Treatment of asthma: It can act as a bronchodilator, which can widen the airways and improve breathing in people with asthma.
• Treatment of urinary retention: nylidrin can help relax the smooth muscles of the bladder and urinary tract, making it helpful in treating urinary retention
• Treatment of premature labor: nylidrin can be used to stop premature labor by relaxing the smooth muscles of the uterus