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Brand Name :
TDVAX, Tenivac, Decavac
Synonyms :
diphtheria & tetanus toxoids
Class :
Vaccine, combos
Brand Name :
TDVAX, Tenivac, Decavac
Synonyms :
diphtheria & tetanus toxoids
Class :
Vaccine, combos
Dosage forms and strengths Â
tetanus toxoid/diphtheriaÂ
Suspension, injection (Td)Â
0.5 ml/(2lf/2lf) TDVAXÂ
0.5 ml (2lf/5lf) TenivacÂ
Indicated for primary immunization
Adults who did not obtain their primary round of vaccinations
Administer start dose (Tdap) Then, four weeks or more after the first dose
administer the second dose as 0.5 mL intramuscularly as Td
Administer dose third 0.5 ml as Td intramuscularly six to twelve months later
Dosage forms and strengths Â
tetanus toxoid/diphtheriaÂ
Suspension, injection (Td)Â
0.5 ml/(2lf/2lf) TDVAXÂ
0.5 ml (2lf/5lf) TenivacÂ
Suspension (DT) injection for a child age less than seven yearsÂ
0.5ml/(25Lf/5Lf)Â
Indicated for primary immunization
For patients who not taken vaccination
Age less than seven years
DT
Administer a series of five-dose
When using DT, the pertussis component is contraindicated:
DTaP is the recommended primary vaccination for children under the age of seven
Three doses: Administer 0.5 ml intramuscularly at two, four & six months of age;
administered as early as six weeks and then every four to eight weeks afterward
Four doses: The third dose must be given at minimum six months apart; if six months have elapsed subsequent to the third dose, the dosage may be given as early as age of twelve months
Fifth dose: four to six years old before to entering school; if the fourth dose is administered beyond the age of four
For age ≥7 years
Unimmunized individuals
Adults who did not obtain their primary round of vaccinations
Administer start dose (Tdap)
Then, four weeks or more after the first dose, administer the second dose as 0.5 mL intramuscularly as Td
Administer dose third 0.5 ml as Td intramuscularly six to twelve months later
Routine Booster Immunization
For every ten years, administer 0.5 ml as Tdap/Td
To those patients who have finalized first immunization
Refer adult dosingÂ
may decrease the effects of each other
when alefacept is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when anakinra is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when azathioprine is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when basiliximab is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when budesonide is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when canakinumab is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when cortisone is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when cyclosporine is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when deflazacort is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when dexamethasone is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when etanercept is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when everolimus is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when fludrocortisone is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when golimumab is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when glatiramer is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when hydrocortisone is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
When infliximab is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when leflunomide is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when methylprednisolone is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when mycophenolate is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when prednisolone is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when prednisone is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when rilonacept is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when sirolimus is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when tacrolimus is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when temsirolimus is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
When tocilizumab is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
When ustekinumab is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
melphalan decreases the activity of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids by antagonism
when melphalan is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
when mercaptopurine is used in combination with diphtheria & tetanus toxoids, this leads to a reduction in the effects of diphtheria & tetanus toxoids through pharmacodynamic antagonism
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Action:Â
Diphtheria toxoid is an inactivated form of the toxin produced by the bacterium C. diphtheriae. When introduced into the body through vaccination, it triggers the immune system to recognize the toxin as a foreign substance. Next, in response to the diphtheria toxin, the immune system generates antibodies.
These antibodies help protect against diphtheria by neutralizing the toxin if the individual is exposed to the actual bacteria, preventing it from causing harm to the body’s cells and tissues.Â
Tetanus toxoid is an inactivated version of the toxin produced by the bacterium C. tetani. Like diphtheria toxoid, the immune system produces antibodies against the tetanus toxin when exposed to the tetanus toxoid.
These antibodies help prevent the action of the tetanus toxin if the person is exposed to the tetanus bacteria. They neutralize the toxin, preventing it from interfering with nerve signals and causing the severe muscle contractions and spasms characteristic of tetanus infection.Â
Â
Frequency defined Â
>10% (Age 7 years/older)Â
Sore/swollen joints (8.5-15.7%)Â
Malaise (8.9-17%)Â
Injection site swelling (12.1-17%)Â
Headache (11.7-24.1%)Â
Injection site redness (15.8-25.6%)Â
Muscle weakness (4.9-32.3%)Â
Injection site pain (35.3-80.1%)Â
1-10% (Age 7 years/older)Â
Fever (2.5-5.7%)Â
Black Box Warning:Â Â
None Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â Â
Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis): A person should not receive the DT vaccine if they have experienced a severe adverse reaction to any of its components or a previous dose of the vaccine.Â
Severe illness: If an individual is currently experiencing a severe illness, the vaccination should be postponed until they recover.Â
Known severe immunodeficiency: People with severe immunodeficiency might have a diminished response to the vaccine and could be at risk of complications.Â
Pregnancy: There is no specific evidence of risk from administering DT vaccines during pregnancy; it’s generally avoided unless there’s a compelling reason (such as a high risk of tetanus exposure).Â
Known hypersensitivity to any vaccine components: Individuals with known hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine, including latex (found in the vial stopper), should avoid vaccination.Â
Pregnancy warnings:    Â
Pregnancy category: N/AÂ
Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy Categories:        Â
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.Â
Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.  Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology: Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids are vaccines used to prevent two severe bacterial infections caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae (diphtheria) and clostridium tetani (tetanus).Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â Â
Diphtheria toxoid is a modified form of the diphtheria toxin, which Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces. The toxoid is a chemically modified, inactivated form of the toxin. As a vaccination, it boosts the immune system’s production of antibodies that fight the diphtheria toxin.Â
Like diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid is an inactivated form of the tetanus toxin produced by clostridium tetani. The toxoid stimulates the immune system to generate antibodies against the tetanus toxin.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
N/AÂ
Administration: Â
The route of administration is intramuscular. Diphtheria toxoid is typically given as part of a combination vaccine (DTaP or Tdap) in several doses during childhood, with booster doses recommended in adolescence and adulthood to maintain immunity.Â
Tetanus toxoid is also administered as part of the DTaP or Tdap vaccine series. Booster doses are recommended every ten years in adulthood to maintain immunity, particularly following injuries, or potential exposure to tetanus-containing materials.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: diphtheria & tetanus toxoidsÂ
Why do we use diphtheria & tetanus toxoids? Â
The diphtheria and tetanus toxoids are commonly administered in vaccines such as DTaP (for children) and Tdap (for adolescents and adults). These vaccines also include a component to protect against pertussis (whooping cough). Combining these vaccines simplifies the immunization schedule and reduces the number of injections required to ensure protection against multiple diseases.Â
Vaccination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids is an essential part of global health efforts to reduce the incidence and impact of these diseases worldwide. Through vaccination programs, these potentially life-threatening infections can be significantly controlled and prevented.Â
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