Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Visipaque
Synonyms :
iodixanol
Class :
 Iodinated contrast media
Brand Name :
Visipaque
Synonyms :
iodixanol
Class :
 Iodinated contrast media
Dosing forms and strengthsÂ
Injectable solutionÂ
270mg/mLÂ
320mg/mLÂ
Aortofermoral runoffs: Intra-arterial 20-90 mL
Peripheral arteries: Intra-arterial 15-30 mL
Major aorta branch: Intra-arterial 10-70 mL
Aortography: Intra-arterial 30-70 mL
Renal arteries: Intra-arterial 8-18 mL
Left ventricle: Intra-arterial 20-45 mL
Left coronary artery: Intra-arterial 3-10 mL
Right coronary artery: Intra-arterial 3-8 mL
Verterbral arteries: Intra-arterial 10-12 mL
Carotid arteries: Intra-arterial 10-14 mL
Dosage forms and strengthsÂ
injectable solutionÂ
270mg/mLÂ Â
320mg/mLÂ Â
1-12 years Â
Cerebral, cardiac chambers and related major arteries, and visceral studies: 1-2 mL/kg; not to exceed 4 mL/kg Â
>12 yearsÂ
Carotid arteries:Â intra-arterial 10-14 mLÂ
Verterbral arteries:Â intra-arterial 10-12 mLÂ
Right coronary artery:Â intra arterial3-8 mLÂ
Left coronary artery:Â intra-arterial 3-10 mLÂ
Left ventricle:Â intra-arterial 20-45 mLÂ
Renal arteries:Â intra-arterial 8-18 mLÂ
Aortography:Â intra arterial30-70 mLÂ
Major aorta branch:Â intra-arterial 10-70 mLÂ
Peripheral arteries:Â intra arterial15-30 mLÂ
Aortofermoral runoffs:Â intra-arterial 20-90 mLÂ
Â
Refer adult dosingÂ
alpha-1 agonists decrease the efficacy of other alpha-1 agonists
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products
may decrease the therapeutic effect of amphetamines
metyrosine: they may decrease the therapeutic effect of iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with iobenguane radiopharmaceutical products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Radipharmaceuticals
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Radipharmaceuticals
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with Iobenguane Radiopharmaceutical Products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with radiopharmaceutical iobenguane products
Actions and Spectrum:Â Â
Actions:Â
Radiopaque: iodixanol is radiopaque, which means that it absorbs X-rays and appears white on a CT scan. This makes it useful for enhancing the visibility of blood vessels and other structures in the body during imaging. Â
Osmotic agent: iodixanol is an osmotic agent, which means that it can create an osmotic gradient in the body. This can help to draw fluid into the blood vessels, increasing the visibility of the vessels during imaging. Â
Low toxicity: iodixanol has low toxicity, which makes it safe for use in medical imaging procedures. Â
Spectrum: iodixanol has a broad spectrum of activity, which means that it can be used to visualize a wide range of structures in the body. Some of the structures that iodixanol can be used to visualize include:Â Â
Blood vessels: iodixanol can be used to visualize blood vessels in various parts of the body, including the brain, heart, and lungs.Â
Kidneys: Iodixanol can be used to visualize the kidneys during CT scans, which can help to diagnose kidney problems. Â
Liver: iodixanol can be used to visualize the liver during imaging, which can help to diagnose liver disease and other liver problems. Â
Gastrointestinal tract: iodixanol can be used to visualize the gastrointestinal tract during imaging, which can help to diagnose digestive system disorders. Â
Urinary tract: iodixanol can be used to visualize the urinary tract during imaging, which can help to diagnose urinary tract disorders.Â
Frequency definedÂ
AdultsÂ
>10%Â
Discomfort at injection site (<30%)Â
1-10%Â
Pruritus (2%)Â
Skin rash (<2%)Â
Headache (<3%)Â
Vertigo (<2%)Â
Parethesia (1%)Â
Erythema (<2%)Â
Migraine (<3%)Â
Angina pectorin (<2%)Â
Chest pain (<2%)Â
Dysguesia (4%)Â
Black Box Warning:Â Â
Warning: nephrotoxicityÂ
iodixanol can cause acute kidney injury (AKI), which may be fatal in some cases. The risk of AKI is higher in patients with pre-existing renal impairment, dehydration, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, sepsis, or other conditions that may compromise renal function. To minimize the risk of AKI, use the lowest effective dose of iodixanol and ensure adequate hydration before and after administration. Monitor renal function in at-risk patients.Â
In addition to the black box warning for nephrotoxicity, iodixanol may also cause other serious adverse reactions, such as anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, seizures, and pulmonary edema. Healthcare providers should be prepared to manage these potential complications and have appropriate resuscitative equipment and medications readily available during and after the procedure. Patients should be informed of the risks and benefits of iodixanol and advised to report any symptoms of adverse reactions promptly.Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â Â
Hypersensitivity: Patients who have a known hypersensitivity or allergy to Iodixanol or other iodinated contrast agents should not receive iodixanol. Â
Severe renal impairment: iodixanol is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment (glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 30 mL/min/1.73m2). Â
Hyperthyroidism: iodixanol may exacerbate symptoms of hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis in patients with underlying thyroid disease.Â
Pregnancy and breastfeeding: iodixanol is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding, as it can cross the placenta and be excreted in breast milk. Â
Acute pulmonary edema: iodixanol can exacerbate acute pulmonary edema in patients with heart failure or pulmonary disease. Â
Myeloma: iodixanol can cause acute renal failure in patients with multiple myeloma, particularly those with preexisting renal impairment or dehydration. Â
Diabetes: iodixanol can cause hyperglycaemia in patients with diabetes, particularly those with pre-existing renal impairment.Â
Pregnancy warnings:    Â
Pregnancy category: N/AÂ
Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy Categories:        Â
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in the first or second trimester.Â
Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.  Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:Â Â
After intravascular administration, iodixanol distributes throughout the extracellular fluid compartment. It is primarily eliminated by renal excretion, with a small amount eliminated by biliary excretion. iodixanol is not metabolized in the body and is excreted unchanged in the urine.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
The pharmacodynamics of iodixanol refers to its effects on the body at the molecular and cellular levels. As a contrast agent, iodixanol does not have direct pharmacological effects on physiological processes in the body. Instead, its effects are related to its ability to enhance the visualization of tissues and organs during imaging procedures.Â
MOA:Â Â
The mechanism of action of iodixanol is based on its ability to absorb X-rays, which allows it to enhance the contrast of tissues and organs during imaging. It does this by increasing the attenuation of X-rays in the region of the body being imaged. This results in increased visibility and detail of the structures being imaged. Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
Absorption:Â Â
Iodixanol is administered intravenously, meaning it is injected directly into a vein. This allows for rapid and complete absorption of the drug.Â
Distribution:Â
 Once in the bloodstream, iodixanol is distributed throughout the body, including to the organs and tissues being imaged. It has a relatively low binding affinity for plasma proteins, which means it is largely free to circulate in the blood. Â
Metabolism:Â
 Iodixanol is not metabolized in the body, which means it is eliminated unchanged. Â
Excretion and elimination:Â
 Iodixanol is primarily excreted by the kidneys through glomerular filtration. The drug has a relatively low renal clearance, which means it stays in the body for longer than other contrast agents.
Administration: Â
Patient assessment: Before administering iodixanol, the healthcare provider should assess the patient’s medical history, allergies, and current medications to determine the appropriate dose and potential risks.Â
Preparation: iodixanol is supplied as a sterile, colorless, and odorless solution that should be inspected visually for any discoloration or particulate matter. The healthcare provider should prepare the iodixanol solution according to the manufacturer’s instructions and use aseptic technique to avoid contamination.Â
Injection: iodixanol is administered intravenously through a catheter placed in a vein, typically in the arm. The injection rate and total volume of iodixanol depend on the specific imaging procedure and the patient’s weight and age. The healthcare provider should monitor the patient’s vital signs during the injection and adjust the rate or volume if necessary.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: IodixanolÂ
Why do we use Iodixanol? Â
iodixanol is a contrast agent used in medical imaging procedures such as CT scans, angiograms, and urograms. It is used to help enhance the visibility of blood vessels, organs, and tissues in the body.Â
iodixanol is preferred over other contrast agents because it is less likely to cause allergic reactions or kidney damage. It is also less likely to cause pain or discomfort at the injection site.Â
In addition to its use in medical imaging, iodixanol is also used in density gradient centrifugation to separate cells, viruses, and subcellular organelles. This is because iodixanol has a high density and can form stable gradients when mixed with other solutions.Â
Overall, iodixanol is a versatile and safe contrast agent that has many applications in the medical field.Â
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