lactobacillus

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

• Probiotic Action: Lactobacillus species have been extensively studied for their probiotic properties, which include the ability to colonize the gut, produce antimicrobial substances, modulate immune function, and support digestion and nutrient absorption. 
• Fermentation: Lactobacillus species are crucial fermenters of carbohydrates and other nutrients. They are used to produce many fermented foods, including yogurt, cheese, pickles, and sauerkraut. 
• Acid Production: Lactobacillus species produce lactic acid and other organic acids that lower the pH of their environment. This acidification can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and other microorganisms. 
• Antimicrobial Action: Lactobacillus species produce a range of antimicrobial substances, including bacteriocins, hydrogen peroxide, and organic acids, which can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and other microorganisms. 
• Spectrum: Lactobacillus species have a broad spectrum of activity against various pathogens, including gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. They are also effective against certain viruses, such as herpes simplex. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency undefined: 

Intestinal bloating 

Flatulence 

Black Box Warning

Hypersensitivity Risk and Pediatric Caution 

This product contains Lactobacillus species. Severe allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, may occur in individuals sensitive to Lactobacillus or any component of this formulation.
Do not use in patients with a known history of hypersensitivity to Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bacid, Culturelle, or similar probiotic products. 

Keep out of reach of children. Accidental ingestion or overdose may result in unintended adverse effects. In case of overdose, seek emergency medical assistance or contact a Poison Control Center immediately. 

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

• Immune-compromised individuals: People who have weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or cancer, or who are taking immunosuppressive drugs, should avoid taking Lactobacillus supplements as they may be at an increased risk of infection. 
• Critically ill patients: Lactobacillus supplements should also be avoided in critically ill patients, particularly those hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs), as they may be at risk of developing infections. 
• Allergies and Sensitivities: Some individuals may be allergic or sensitive to Lactobacillus or other probiotic strains. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider if you have a history of allergies or sensitivities to probiotics. 
• Gastrointestinal Disorders: Some people with certain gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or diverticulitis, may experience exacerbation of symptoms if they take Lactobacillus supplements. 
• Antibiotic Use: Taking antibiotics may reduce the effectiveness of Lactobacillus supplements, as antibiotics can kill off both beneficial and harmful bacteria in the gut. It is recommended to wait at least 2 hours after taking an antibiotic before taking a probiotic supplement. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration: None reported 

Breastfeeding warnings: No data on the excretion of lactobacillus in breast milk is available 

Pregnant and lactating females should consult a physician before taking this drug product. 

Pregnancy category: 

• Category A: Satisfactory and well-controlled studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 
• Category B: There is no affirmation of risk to the fetus found in animal reproduction studies, and there are not enough studies on pregnant women. 
• Category C: Adverse effects on the fetus found with evidence in animal reproduction studies and no adequate evidence for a product in humans; Pregnant women must take care of the potential risks. 
• Category D: There is adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms. However, despite potential dangers may be used only in emergency cases for potential benefits. 
• Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh risks over benefits. The drug is not for pregnant women. 
• Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

The pharmacology of Lactobacillus involves its effects on the body and its mechanisms of action. Here are some of the pharmacological properties of Lactobacillus: 

• Probiotic Action: Lactobacillus species have probiotic effects on the body, including the ability to colonize the gut, improve digestive function, and modulate the immune system. 
• Antimicrobial Action: Lactobacillus species produce various antimicrobial substances, including lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and bacteriocins, which can inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and other microorganisms. 
• Immunomodulatory Action: Lactobacillus species can modulate the immune system by enhancing the activity of natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages, and other immune cells. 
• Anti-inflammatory Action: Some strains of Lactobacillus have anti-inflammatory effects and can reduce the production of inflammatory cytokines in the gut. 
• Nutrient Production: Lactobacillus species can produce a range of nutrients, including vitamins, amino acids, and short-chain fatty acids, supporting overall health and well-being. 
• Metabolic Action: Lactobacillus species can modulate the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and other nutrients in the gut, which may have implications for weight management and other metabolic disorders. 

Pharmacodynamics: 

The pharmacodynamic properties of Lactobacillus are: 

• Colonization of the Gut: Lactobacillus species can colonize the gut and compete with harmful bacteria for nutrients and space. It can help prevent infections and improve overall gut health. 
• Modulation of the Microbiome: Lactobacillus species can modulate the composition of the gut microbiome by producing antimicrobial substances and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. 
• Modulation of the Immune System: Lactobacillus species can modulate the immune system by enhancing the activity of immune cells and reducing inflammation in the gut. 
• Production of Beneficial Substances: Lactobacillus species can produce beneficial substances such as vitamins, short-chain fatty acids, and enzymes, supporting overall health and well-being. 
• Pharmacological Interactions: Lactobacillus supplements can interact with certain medications, such as antibiotics and immunosuppressants, which may affect their efficacy or safety. 
• Dose-Response Relationships: The effects of Lactobacillus on the body can depend on the dose used, the duration of treatment, and the specific strain of Lactobacillus. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

The pharmacokinetic properties of Lactobacillus: 

• Absorption: Lactobacillus supplements are typically taken orally, and the bacteria must survive the stomach’s acidic environment to reach the intestine. The degree of survival can depend on the specific strain and the supplement formulation. 
• Distribution: Once Lactobacillus reaches the intestine, it can colonize the gut and modulate the microbiome and immune system. 
• Metabolism: Lactobacillus does not undergo significant metabolism in the body, but it can produce beneficial substances such as vitamins, enzymes, and short-chain fatty acids in the gut. 
• Excretion: Lactobacillus is typically excreted from the body in the feces, but some strains may persist in the gut after supplementation stops. 
• Pharmacokinetic Interactions: Lactobacillus supplements may interact with other medications, such as antibiotics and immunosuppressants, affecting their pharmacokinetics and efficacy. 
• Variability: The pharmacokinetics of Lactobacillus can vary depending on the specific strain, formulation, dose, and individual differences in gut microbiota and health status. 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

• Oral Supplements: Lactobacillus supplements are widely available in capsule, tablet, and powder forms and can be taken orally with or without food. The recommended dose and frequency can vary depending on the strain and formulation. 
• Food Sources: Some foods, such as yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut, kimchi, and pickles, contain live cultures of Lactobacillus and can provide a dietary source of the bacteria. 
• Probiotic Foods and Beverages: Probiotic drinks and fermented foods that contain live cultures of Lactobacillus can also be consumed, such as kombucha, probiotic shots, and kefir. 
• Topical Applications: Lactobacillus can be applied topically to the skin or mucous membranes, such as in a vaginal suppository or a topical cream. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: Lactobacillus 

Pronounced: Lak-TOH-Buh-Si-Luhs 

Why do we use Lactobacillus? 

Lactobacillus is a gastrointestinal agent of the probiotic subclass. It is used to: 

• Promoting Digestive Health: Lactobacillus can help promote digestive health by improving gut motility, reducing inflammation, and enhancing nutrient absorption. 
• Preventing and Treating Diarrhea: Lactobacillus has been shown to help prevent and treat diarrhea associated with antibiotic use, viral infections, and other causes. 
• Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Lactobacillus may help manage symptoms of IBS, including bloating, gas, and abdominal pain. 
• Supporting Immune Function: Lactobacillus can enhance the activity of immune cells and reduce inflammation, which may help improve immune function. 
• Preventing and Treating Vaginal Infections: Lactobacillus is a natural inhabitant of the vaginal microbiome and can help prevent and treat bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections.