molybdenum

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

The action of molybdenum in biological systems is primarily catalytic, meaning that it helps to facilitate chemical reactions without being consumed in the process. molybdenum-containing enzymes play crucial roles in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids, purines, and pyrimidines. 

In terms of its spectrum, molybdenum has a number of characteristic absorption lines in the visible and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. These lines are often used in analytical chemistry to identify the presence of molybdenum in a sample. molybdenum also exhibits a number of interesting optical properties, including a high reflectivity in the infrared region of the spectrum. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency Not Defined 

Gout-like symptoms 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning: 

There is no black box warning for molybdenum as it is a naturally occurring mineral and an essential nutrient for humans. 

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication / Caution: 

molybdenum is an essential trace element that is required for various bodily functions, including the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids, the production of certain enzymes, and the utilization of iron. While molybdenum is generally considered safe and well-tolerated when consumed in adequate amounts through the diet or supplements, there are certain contraindications and cautions to keep in mind: 

• Allergies: People who are allergic to molybdenum or have had an allergic reaction to molybdenum supplements in the past should avoid taking them. 
• Gout: molybdenum supplements may exacerbate gout symptoms in some people, as they can increase levels of uric acid in the blood. 
• Kidney disease: People with kidney disease or other kidney problems may need to limit their intake of molybdenum, as excessive amounts of the mineral can accumulate in the body and lead to toxicity. 
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid taking molybdenum supplements unless under the guidance of a healthcare provider. 
• Interactions with medications: molybdenum supplements may interact with certain medications, such as those that affect blood thinning or blood sugar levels. It is important to talk to a healthcare provider before taking molybdenum supplements if you are on medication. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy warnings:   

Pregnancy category: C

Lactation: Excreted into human milk is known

Pregnancy Categories:     

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.

Category B: There were lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the foetus in animal experiments.

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.

Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

The pharmacology of molybdenum is mainly focused on its role as a cofactor for these enzymes. Molybdenum deficiency can lead to metabolic abnormalities, including increased levels of uric acid, sulfites, and aldehydes, which can cause various health problems. 

Pharmacodynamics: 

Molybdenum is an essential trace element that plays a crucial role in various biological processes. It is a component of several enzymes, including xanthine oxidase, sulfite oxidase, and aldehyde oxidase, which are involved in the metabolism of purines, sulfites, and aldehydes, respectively. 

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

It is primarily absorbed in the stomach and small intestine. The absorption process is facilitated by specific transporters that are present in the intestinal lining. The bioavailability of molybdenum from the diet is estimated to be between 30-70%. 

Distribution 

Once absorbed, molybdenum is distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream. It is transported mainly bound to albumin, a protein found in blood plasma. Molybdenum accumulates mainly in the liver, kidneys, and bones. 

Metabolism 

molybdenum is metabolized in the liver, where it is converted into molybdate. Molybdate is the form of molybdenum that is transported in the blood and utilized by the body for various biological processes. 

Excretion 

It is primarily excreted from the body via the urine. Some molybdenum is also excreted in the feces. The half-life of molybdenum in the body is estimated to be around 10-40 hours. 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

molybdenum is an essential trace mineral that is required for the proper functioning of several enzymes in the body. It is found in small amounts in many foods, including legumes, nuts, leafy vegetables, and organ meats. 

In general, people obtain enough molybdenum through their diet and do not require supplementation. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Generic Name: molybdenum 

Why do we use molybdenum? 

molybdenum is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in several biological processes in the body. Here are some of the reasons why we use molybdenum: 

• Enzyme Activation: molybdenum is required for the proper functioning of several enzymes in the body, including enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism, uric acid formation, and sulfite detoxification. 
• Sulfite Detoxification: molybdenum is essential for the detoxification of sulfites, which are a common food preservative found in many processed foods. Sulfites can cause allergic reactions in some people, and molybdenum helps to break them down and eliminate them from the body. 
• Nitrogen Metabolism: molybdenum is required for the conversion of nitrogen in the body, which is essential for the production of proteins and other important molecules. 
• Growth and Development: molybdenum plays a role in the growth and development of the body, including the formation of bones and teeth.