propyphenazone

Action and Spectrum

Actions and spectrum: 

• Analgesic Action: propyphenazone primarily acts as an analgesic to relieve pain. It does so by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals in the body that promote pain, inflammation, and fever. By reducing prostaglandin levels, propyphenazone helps to alleviate various types of pain, including headache, muscle pain, joint pain, and dental pain. 
• Antipyretic Action: propyphenazone also possesses antipyretic properties, meaning it can lower elevated body temperature, such as fever. Fever occurs as a response to infection or inflammation, and propyphenazone helps to reduce fever by inhibiting the prostaglandins responsible for elevating body temperature. 
• Limited Spectrum: propyphenazone’s spectrum of activity is limited compared to some other pain relievers and fever reducers. It is effective for the mild to moderate pain and fever but may not be as potent as other medications for severe or chronic pain conditions. 
• Combination Products: propyphenazone is sometimes found in combination with other drugs, such as caffeine or antispasmodic agents, to enhance its pain-relieving effects or target specific conditions like tension headaches. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency not defined 

nephrotoxicity 

Hypersensitivity reactions 

Nausea 

coma 

Drowsiness 

convulsions 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning: 

There is no specific black box warning associated with propyphenazone. 

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindication: 

• Hypersensitivity or Allergy: Individuals who have a known hypersensitivity or allergy to propyphenazone or related medications should avoid its use. Allergic reactions can range from mild skin reactions to severe anaphylaxis. 
• Hepatic or Renal Impairment: People with significant liver or kidney impairment may need to avoid or use propyphenazone with caution. These organs play a role in metabolizing and excreting the drug, so impaired function could lead to potential toxicity. 
• Gastrointestinal Ulcers: Individuals with active gastrointestinal ulcers, particularly peptic ulcers, should avoid propyphenazone, as it may exacerbate these conditions due to its potential to irritate the stomach lining. 
• Blood Disorders: If you have certain blood disorders, such as porphyria or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, the use of propyphenazone may be contraindicated or require special monitoring, as it can affect the blood. 
• Severe Cardiovascular Conditions: People with severe cardiovascular conditions like heart failure, high blood pressure, or a history of heart attacks may need to avoid propyphenazone, as it can affect blood pressure and fluid balance.

Caution: 

• Liver and Kidney Function: propyphenazone is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys. Individuals with impaired liver or kidney function should use propyphenazone with caution, as they may have an increased risk of adverse effects or toxicity. 
• Gastrointestinal Conditions: If you have a history of gastrointestinal conditions such as gastritis, peptic ulcers, or inflammatory bowel disease, propyphenazone can irritate the stomach lining and may exacerbate these conditions. Using it with food or an antacid may help reduce stomach irritation. 
• Alcohol Consumption: Combining propyphenazone with alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage. It is advisable to avoid or limit alcohol intake while using this medication. 
• Blood Disorders: propyphenazone can affect blood components, and individuals with blood disorders like porphyria or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency should use it with caution, as it may worsen their condition. 
• Elderly Patients: Elderly individuals may be more susceptible to the side effects of propyphenazone, such as dizziness or sedation. Lower doses or careful monitoring may be necessary. 
• Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The safety of propyphenazone during pregnancy and lactation is not well established. It should be used with caution in these situations, and the potential benefits should be weighed against the risks under the guidance of a healthcare provider. 

Comorbidities: 

• Pain Conditions: propyphenazone is often used to relieve mild to moderate pain with various conditions, including Headaches, Musculoskeletal pain, Dental pain, Menstrual cramps, Postoperative pain. 
• Fever: It is used to reduce elevated body temperature caused by infections or other illnesses. 
• Inflammatory Conditions: propyphenazone may help alleviate pain and fever associated with inflammatory conditions like arthritis or soft tissue injuries. 
• Respiratory Infections: It can be used to reduce fever and discomfort in individuals with respiratory infections such as the common cold or flu. 
• Postoperative Pain: propyphenazone may be administered to manage pain following surgical procedures. 
• Rheumatic Conditions: In some cases, propyphenazone may be used as an adjunctive therapy for rheumatic conditions to relieve pain and fever. 
• Neurological Conditions: It may be prescribed to alleviate headaches or pain associated with neurological conditions. 
• Dental Procedures: Dentists may recommend propyphenazone for pain management after dental procedures. 
• Ear, Nose, and Throat Conditions: It can help reduce fever and pain associated with ear, nose, and throat infections. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration: pregnancy category: not assigned 

Lactation: excreted into breast milk: unknown  

Pregnancy category: 

• Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 
• Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women. 
• Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   
• Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits. 
• Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women. 
• Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

propyphenazone is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic medication with a pharmacological profile like other drugs in the pyrazolone class, like phenazone and antipyrine. It acts by inhibiting prostaglandins synthesis, which are natural substances in the body that play a role in pain perception and fever regulation. By reducing prostaglandin production, propyphenazone helps alleviate pain and lower fever. It gets absorbed after oral administration, with peak blood concentrations reached within hours. propyphenazone is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily through the urine. Its pharmacological actions make it effective for providing relief from various types of pain and fever.  

Pharmacodynamics: 

• Pain Relief: propyphenazone exerts its analgesic (pain-relieving) effects by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are chemical messengers in the body that sensitize nerve endings to pain and cause inflammation. By reducing prostaglandin synthesis, propyphenazone diminishes pain perception, making it effective for managing mild to moderate pain associated with various conditions. 
• Fever Reduction: propyphenazone is also antipyretic, meaning it can lower fever. Fever is often a response to infection or inflammation and is mediated by prostaglandins in the brain’s hypothalamus. By inhibiting prostaglandin production, propyphenazone helps reset the body’s temperature control center, reducing fever. 
• Anti-Inflammatory Effects: While propyphenazone primarily acts as an analgesic and antipyretic, it may have some mild anti-inflammatory properties due to its prostaglandin-inhibiting effects. However, it is not as potent in this regard as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). 
• Peripheral and Central Actions: propyphenazone works both peripherally (at the site of pain and inflammation) and centrally (in the brain and spinal cord) to modulate pain perception and fever regulation.

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

propyphenazone is well-absorbed after oral administration. It quickly enters the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak blood concentrations typically achieved within hours. 

Distribution 

propyphenazone is distributed throughout the body, and it can cross the blood-brain barrier to exert its central effects. It may also distribute into various tissues, including those affected by pain or inflammation. 

Metabolism 

propyphenazone undergoes metabolic transformation primarily in the liver. Enzymes in the liver metabolize it into several metabolites, some of which are inactive and others that may contribute to its pharmacological effects. 

Elimination and excretion 

The primary route of excretion for propyphenazone and its metabolites is through the urine. Kidneys filter these compounds from the blood, and they are then eliminated from the body in the urine. 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

• Dosage: The appropriate dosage of propyphenazone varies based on the product and condition being treated. It is essential to follow the dosing instructions provided by a healthcare provider or those printed on the medication label.  
• Frequency: propyphenazone is usually taken every 4 to 6 hours as required for pain relief or fever reduction. The exact dosing frequency will depend on the severity of the symptoms and the specific product being used. 
• With or Without Food: propyphenazone can be taken with or without food. However, taking it with food may help reduce the risk of stomach upset. 
• Duration: The duration of propyphenazone treatment should be limited to the shortest duration necessary to relieve pain or fever. Prolonged or excessive use can lead to unwanted side effects. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: propyphenazone 

Pronounced: Pro-py-phena-zone  

Why do we use propyphenazone? 

• Pain Relief: propyphenazone is used to alleviate mild to moderate pain associated with various conditions, including Headaches, Toothaches, Muscular pain, Joint pain, Menstrual pain (dysmenorrhea) and Pain from minor injuries or surgery 
• Fever Reduction: It is used to lower fever caused by infections or inflammatory conditions. 
• Supportive Therapy: propyphenazone may be used as supportive therapy in the management of various illnesses to help relieve pain and fever while addressing the underlying condition.