Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Opzelura
Synonyms :
ruxolitnib topical
Class :
Janus Kinase inhibitors, Dermatologics
Brand Name :
Opzelura
Synonyms :
ruxolitnib topical
Class :
Janus Kinase inhibitors, Dermatologics
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Topical creamÂ
1.5%(15mg/g)Â
Apply a thin coating of cream to affected regions of up to 20% body surface area twice a day; do not exceed >60 g/week or one 100-gram tube/2 weeks
After the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis (such as itching, rash, and redness) have subsided, discontinue the use
Apply a thin application to affected regions of up to 10% body surface area twice a day; do not exceed >60 g/week or one 100-gram tube/2 weeks
A satisfactory patient response may necessitate therapy for more than 24 weeks
The patient should be re-evaluated if no significant repigmentation is noticed after 24 weeks
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Topical creamÂ
1.5%(15mg/g)Â
<12 years: Safety and efficacy not established
≥12 years: Apply a thin coating of cream to affected regions of up to 20% of body surface area twice a day; do not exceed >60 g/week or one 100-gram tube/2 weeks
After the signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis (such as itching, rash, and redness) have subsided, discontinue use
Re-examine the patient if signs and symptoms do not improve after eight weeks
Indicated for topical treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo:
<12 years: Safety and efficacy not established
≥12 years: Apply a thin coating, up to 10% of the body's surface area, twice daily; do not use more than 60 g per week or one 100-gram tube every two weeks
Therapy may go longer than 24 weeks, depending on the patient's reaction
At 24 weeks, reassess the patient if there has been no appreciable repigmentation
Refer adult dosingÂ
may decrease the diagnostic effect of immunosuppressants
may decrease the therapeutic effect of immunosuppressants
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may decrease the therapeutic effect of immunosuppressants
may decrease the therapeutic effect of immunosuppressants
measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine, live (Rx)
may decrease the therapeutic effect of immunosuppressants
measles mumps and rubella vaccine, live
may decrease the therapeutic effect of immunosuppressants
may decrease the therapeutic effect of immunosuppressants
smallpox (vaccinia) vaccine, live
may decrease the therapeutic effect of immunosuppressants
may decrease the therapeutic effect of immunosuppressants
may have an increased neutropenic effect when combined with deferiprone
may have an increased myelosuppressive effect when combined with ropeginterferon alfa-2b
may increase the Myelosuppressive effect of each other when combined
deferiprone: they may increase the neutropenic effect of myelosuppressive agents
Ropeginterferon Alfa-2b: they may increase the myelosuppressive effect of myelosuppressive agents
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may increase the toxic effect of immunosuppressive agents
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may enhance the serum concentration
may enhance the serum concentration
may enhance the serum concentration
may enhance the serum concentration
may enhance the serum concentration
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may increase the toxic effect of immunosuppressive agents
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may have an increased myelosuppressive effect when combined with fexinidazole
cladribine: they may increase the myelosuppressive effect of myelosuppressive agents
fexinidazole: they may increase the myelosuppressive effect of myelosuppressive agents
abiraterone acetate and niraparibÂ
may increase the neutropenic effect of myelosuppressive agents
may increase the level by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
may increase the level by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
may increase the level by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
may increase the level by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism
BCG vaccine: it may decrease the therapeutic effect of myelosuppressive agents
dipyridamole: it may decrease the therapeutic effect of myelosuppressive agents
olopatadine: it may decrease the therapeutic effect of myelosuppressive agents
paraldehyde: it may decrease the therapeutic effect of myelosuppressive agents
may increase the hypersensitivity reactions of immunosuppressants
may enhance the serum concentration of CYP3A4 inhibitors
may increase the immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressive agents
may have an increased myelosuppressive effect when combined with myelosuppressive agents
may have an increased myelosuppressive effect when combined with olaparib
may have an increased adverse effect when combined with clozapine
may have an increased adverse effect when comb
may decrease the therapeutic effect when combined with BCG vaccine
may have an increased myelosuppressive effect when combined with myelosuppressive agents
may increase the toxic effect of myelosuppressive agents
may have an increased myelosuppressive effect when combined with myelosuppressive agents
may have an increased myelosuppressive effect when combined with myelosuppressive agents
5-Aminosalicylic Acid Derivatives: they may increase the myelosuppressive effect of myelosuppressive agents
5-Aminosalicylic Acid Derivatives: they may increase the myelosuppressive effect of myelosuppressive agents
chloramphenicol: they may increase the toxic effect of myelosuppressive agents
promazine: they may increase the myelosuppressive effect of myelosuppressive agents
olaparib: they may increase the myelosuppressive effect of myelosuppressive agents
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Hormone Antagonists
when both drugs are combined, there may be a decrease in the therapeutic effect
ozanimod: it may decrease the therapeutic effect of myelosuppressive agents
tofacitinib: it may decrease the therapeutic effect of myelosuppressive agents
The immunosuppressive effect of immunosuppressants (cytotoxic chemotherapy) may be increased by denosumab
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Frequency definedÂ
1-10%Â
Diarrhea (1%)Â
Ear infection (1%)Â
Folliculitis (1%)Â
Tonsillitis (3%)Â
Bronchitis (1%)Â
Rhinorrhea (1%)Â
Eosinophil count increased(1%)Â
Urticaria (1%)Â
Nasopharyngitis (1%)Â
<1%Â
Staphylococcal infectionÂ
Herpes zosterÂ
Otitis externaÂ
Acneiform dermatitis Â
Allergic conjunctivitisÂ
PyrexiaÂ
Seasonal allergyÂ
NeutropeniaÂ
Black box warning:Â
ruxolitinib has a black box warning for the increased risk of serious infections, including tuberculosis, bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. It is essential for patients to be monitored for signs of infection during treatment with ruxolitinib and to be treated promptly if an infection occursÂ
ruxolitinib may also increase the risk of developing certain cancers, including non-melanoma skin and lymphomaÂ
Contraindications/caution:Â
Contraindications:Â
NoneÂ
Caution:Â
Pregnancy consideration: Insufficient data availableÂ
Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy category:Â
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.  Â
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this categoryÂ
Pharmacology:Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
PharmacokineticsÂ
AbsorptionÂ
ruxolitinib is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, and its maximum plasma concentration is reached within 1-2 hours Â
DistributionÂ
ruxolitinib is highly protein-bound, primarily to albumin and α-1 acid glycoprotein, with a binding capacity of approximately 98%. Â
MetabolismÂ
ruxolitinib is extensively metabolized in the liver by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, primarily by CYP3A4, to form multiple metabolitesÂ
Elimination and excretionÂ
The half-life of ruxolitinib is approximately 3-4 hours. The drug is primarily eliminated in the feces (74%), and urine (22%) as metabolites, with less than 1% excreted unchanged. The total clearance of ruxolitinib is approximately 20 L/hourÂ
Administration:Â
Topical administration:Â
Only for topical usageÂ
Not to be used intravenously, orally, or topicallyÂ
Storage:Â
Storage at 20-25 °C (68-77 °F); excursions are allowed to 15 °C (59 °F) to 86 °CÂ
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: ruxolitinib topical
Pronounced: [ RUX-oh-LI-ti-nib-TOP-i-kal ]Â
Why do we use ruxolitinib topical?
ruxolitinib is a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that is used in topical form for the treatment of atopic dermatitis and eczema. Atopic dermatitis and eczema are chronic inflammatory skin conditions that can cause intense itching, redness, and scaling of the skin.Â
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