sulfisoxazole

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

Actions: 

sulfisoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic which is a bacteriostatic agent that inhibit bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. This inhibition occurs by preventing pteridine condensation with aminobenzoic acid via competitive inhibtion of the dihydropteroate synthetase enzyme.  

Spectrum: 

Spectrum of sulfisoxazole is similar to all sulfonamide group of antibiotics which cures bacterial infections of certain types like  Cystitis, Inclusion Conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Malaria, Nocardiosis, Otitis Media, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Pyelobephritis, Toxoplasmosis, Meningitis -Meningococcal and Haemophilus influenzae in adults. In pediatrics, it is used in the treatment of Bacterial infections like Chlamydia infection, Toxoplasmosis, and pelvic inflammatory disease.

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency Not Defined  

Shock 

Serum sickness 

Rash 

Hives 

Itching 

Sensitivity to light 

Liver inflammation 

Jaundice 

Nausea 

Vomiting 

Loss of apetitite 

Abdominal pain 

Diarrhea 

Gastrointestinal bleeding 

Mouth ulcer 

Blood in urine 

BUN and creatinine elevations 

Anxiety 

Chills 

Cold sweats 

Depression 

Decreased sexual ability in males 

Dizziness 

Tachycardia 

Headache 

Changes in menstrual periods 

Joint pain 

Stroke 

Cough 

Shortness of breath 

Fever 

Drowsiness 

Weakness 

Fatigue 

Sleeplessness 

Lung inflammation 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning: 

sulfisoxazole should be stopped when skin rash appears first or any sign or symptom of any side effect is observed. Avoid excess dosage. 

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution: 

Contraindications 

• Hypersensitivity 
• infants below 2 months of age 

Cautions 

• Diarrhea  
• Sore throat 
• Stomach infection 
• G-6-PD  
• Allergy 
• Renal impairment 
• Hepatic impairment 
• Drug interactions 
• Pregnancy  
• Breastfeeding 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy consideration:  

No data is available regarding the administration of the drug during pregnancy. 

Breastfeeding warnings:  

No data is available regarding the excretion of drug in breast milk. 

Pregnancy category: 

Category A: well-controlled and satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester. 

Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women. 

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.    

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category. 

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: 

sulfisoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic which is a bacteriostatic agent that inhibit bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. This inhibition occurs by preventing pteridine condensation with aminobenzoic acid via competitive inhibtion of the dihydropteroate synthetase enzyme.  

Pharmacodynamics: 

sulfisoxazole is a sulfonamide antibiotic which is a bacteriostatic agent that inhibit bacterial synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. This inhibition occurs by preventing pteridine condensation with aminobenzoic acid via competitive inhibtion of the dihydropteroate synthetase enzyme.  

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

sulfisoxazole is completely and rapidly absorbed in small intestine. The peak plasma concentration is 1 to 4 hours.  

Distribution 

Protein-bound is 85% 

The volume of distribution of betrixaban is 36 L/kg 

Metabolism 

N-acetyl sulfisoxazole which is metabolized in the GIT to sulfisoxazole by digestive enzymes and is absorbed as sulfisoxazole. 

Elimination and Excretion 

The elimination half-life is 4.6 -7.8 hours 

The drug is excreted 97% in urine. 

Clearance is 20 ml/min. 

Adminstartion

Administration: 

Exception in only congenital toxoplasmosis, sulfisoxazole is contraindicated in infants below 2 months of age in which therapy is adjunctive combined with pyrimethamine with pediatric starting dose of 150 mg/kg/day oral administration which is divided and given 4 times a day. Usual adult oral dose is 4000 to 8000 mg per day which is divided and given in 4 – 6 doses per day. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: sulfisoxazole 

Pronounced: sul-fi-SOX-a-zole 

Why do we use sulfisoxazole? 

sulfisoxazole is used in the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections and it belongs to the group of sulfonamide antibiotic that helps in the prevention of bacterial growth and only available with doctors prescription.