Another cause of green urine in a bedside strategy used for detecting aspiration in mechanically ventilated patients is the inclusion of dyes in enteral formulations. Indigo blue, indigo carmine, and methylene blue are types of blue dyes known to create green urine discoloration with excretion.

Methylene blue intravenous infusion is proposed as a therapy for refractory septic shock. Medication is the most common cause of green urine. Compounds containing phenol cause green urine.

Amitriptyline, metoclopramide, intravenous Phenergan, and cimetidine are other drugs linked to green urine. Green urine has been linked to over-the-counter medications such as thymol, listerine, magnesium salicylate, chlorophyll, and Hartnup’s disease.

Another cause of green urine in a bedside strategy used for detecting aspiration in mechanically ventilated patients is the inclusion of dyes in enteral formulations. Indigo blue, indigo carmine, and methylene blue are types of blue dyes known to create green urine discoloration with excretion.

Methylene blue intravenous infusion is proposed as a therapy for refractory septic shock. Medication is the most common cause of green urine. Compounds containing phenol cause green urine.

Amitriptyline, metoclopramide, intravenous Phenergan, and cimetidine are other drugs linked to green urine. Green urine has been linked to over-the-counter medications such as thymol, listerine, magnesium salicylate, chlorophyll, and Hartnup’s disease.

Recent study findings reveal hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 exhibited purple urinary bag syndrome; the etiology is the same as observed in the patients with prolonged catheterization, constipation, the presence of a urinary tract infection produced by sulphatase- and phosphatase-producing bacteria, and a high tryptophan content in the diet for the creation of necessary pigments.

Individuals with severe infections show mild to moderate renal damage. It is not clear whether the SARS-CoV-2 infection itself is the causative factor.

Rifampin, an antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of tuberculosis, can cause urine to become reddish orange, as does phenazopyridine, used in urinary tract discomfort, and senna-containing laxatives.

Sulfasalazine, a yellow-orange color compound, is considered a DMARD (Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug) used in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Rare adverse effects of sulfasalazine treatment are orange urine, sweat, or tears, and discontinuation of the drug resolves the discoloration.

Methylene Blue is a relatively typical dye used in prescription medications and is also employed as an indicator dye in medicine. Some drugs may briefly turn the color of your urine blue as a side effect, such as viagra, rinsapin, and triamterene.

Individuals with a high tryptophan-rich diet might experience urine discoloration; food such as poultry, lamb, and turkey are tryptophan-rich and, when consumed in excess quantities, produces blue urine.

The color is not visible to the naked eye but leaves a stain behind. On interacting with serotonin inhibitors, methylene dye produces serotonin toxicity or syndrome.

Blackwater Fever is a complication that can occur due to Malaria treatment. It results in black or dark red urine. Blackwater fever occurs when blood cells are rapidly damaged and hemoglobins, present in the blood cells, are discharged directly into circulation and eventually into your urine.

Other symptoms of Blackwater Fever would most likely include jaundice, fever, chills, vomiting, and anemia. Other causes of black urine are the consumption of Rhubarb, fava beans, and sorbitol.

Milky or cloudy urine indicates a urinary tract infection that produces odor. Bacteria, fat, crystals, mucus, or white or red blood cells in the urine can also cause milky urine.

Infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhea produce a milky discharge from the penis or vagina, clouding urine. The other causative factors are diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and renal calculi.

Hematuria, or the appearance of blood in the urine, must not be considered a clinical entity but rather a symptom that demands examination to determine the underlying etiologic causes.

In neonates and children, gross hematuria is a rare symptom observed with acute leukemia. Bleeding in acute leukemia is mainly caused by thrombocytopenia and involves the skin and mucous membranes.

Rare instances of hemorrhagic disease due to deficiency of Vitamin K are reported. Few cases of hematuria are observed in hospitalized children with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection with no comorbidities.

It is important to note that patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have already been reported to have multiple organ involvement, including the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, central nervous system, bone marrow, liver, and kidney, even though respiratory symptoms are the predominant presentation of COVID-19 among symptomatic infected patients.

Hematuria is observed in hospitalized patients. Renal injury and hematuria are typical complications of viral respiratory infections caused by influenza A & B, adenovirus, and other viruses. Kidney damage appears to be a common finding in prolonged hospitalized individuals with COVID-19, with a broad spectrum of symptoms ranging from gross hematuria to severe renal failure.

Other common causes of hematuria include trauma, bacterial infections, congenital cystic kidneys, renal calculus, tuberculosis, gonococcal urethritis, enlarged prostate, Wilms tumor, bladder carcinoma, hypernephroma, and microscopic hematuria rarely associated with uncontrolled hypertension.

Certain drugs, such as anticoagulants, sulphonamides, and large doses of aspirin, are known to cause hematuria as an adverse reaction.

Dysmorphic red cells and red cell casts are typically caused by glomerular bleeding due to mechanical deformity carried on through the renal tubules. Glomerulonephritis can cause urine that is red or tea-colored. Rhabdomyolysis is the quick damage to skeletal muscles, causing leakage into the urine of the muscle protein myoglobin.

It causes dark-colored urine. Rare adverse effects of Metronidazole therapy observed are discoloration of urine in dark brown to cola color. The color of urine is retained to normal after discontinuation of the drug.

Due to p-oxidation, aminophenol in acetaminophen overdose, brown urine is produced. Brown urine has also been observed in cases of phenacetin overdose and methyldopa use caused by the metabolite methyl dopamine.

Blue diaper syndrome is a rare inherited metabolic condition characterized by impaired intestinal digestion of the dietary component tryptophan. Typical symptoms include gastrointestinal disturbances, fever, agitation, and visual troubles.

Kidney damage can occur in some children with blue diaper syndrome. Blue urine-stained diapers are typical in infants with this disease. Blue diaper syndrome is a recessive autosomal or X-linked condition.

Males and females are equally affected. Tryptophan-rich foods, such as turkey and warm milk, should be avoided. In addition, the diet should be low in protein and low in vitamin D.