New Long-Read Genetic Test Enables Faster and More Comprehensive Diagnosis of Rare Diseases
November 18, 2025
Background
Epidemiology
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
120
mg
Tablet
Oral
once a day
200
mg
Orally 
twice a day
200 - 400
mg
immediately release every 6 to 8 hrs (do not exceed 1g/day)
Initial dose: 500mg once orally, then 250mg orally four times daily whenever necessary
Do not exceed for more than seven days
Indicated for Short-Term, Acute Pain
2 tablets orally four-six times a day; should not exceed 8 tablets in a day
Duration of treatment is 5 days or less
Note:
Renal impairment: CrCl <30 ml/min, two tablets orally two times a day, Should not exceed four tablets in a day; duration of treatment should not exceed five days
Hepatic impairment: Should not administer
Physicians can advise patients for 1-2 tablets of 325mg acetaminophen up to six times in a day. Should not exceed 4000mg of acetaminophen in a day
Patients who have not previously taken opioids (immediate release): 10 to 20 mg taken orally every 4 to 6 hours as required at first, and then adjusted as necessary.
Take 2 tablets having combination of 112 mg celecoxib/88 mg tramadol orally every 12 hours, as required.
Never exceed the limit of suggested dose
Dosage Modifications
Renal impairment
tramadol: Reduced renal function results in a decrease in the rate and scope of discharge of tramadol and its active metabolite
celecoxib: No notable correlation has been observed between GFR and celecoxib clearance there has been no research conducted on patients with severe renal deficiency
Hepatic impairment
Not advisable for mild-to-moderate impaired liver function
For tramadol
In cases of severe liver impairment, the metabolism of tramadol and M1 is decreased, as demonstrated in a study on advanced liver cirrhosis
For celecoxib
celecoxib should not be used in moderate hepatic dysfunction as the combination with tramadol cannot be tailored to individual needs.
In cases of moderate hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh B), the dose of celecoxib should be reduced by 50% if used as a standalone medication.
It is not advisable to use celecoxib in cases of severe hepatic dysfunction
Dosing considerations
Carefully observe for any signs of breathing difficulties, particularly during the initial 24 to 72 hours of treatment and following any dosage changes; modify dosage as necessary
Before commencing treatment, take into account the intensity of the pain, the patient's reaction, prior usage of painkillers and any risk factors for addiction, misuse or abuse
Indicated to treat moderate to mild acute pain in adults
Immediate-release- 100 mg orally once, later 50 mg orally thrice daily as required
Extended-release tablets-
Zipsor- 25 mg orally four times daily as required
Zorvolex- 18-35 mg orally thrice daily
Keeping individual treatment goals, use the potent dose for a short duration
(severe):
30 mcg Sublingual as required with at least 1 hour between doses
daily dose should not exceed more than 360 mcg (12 tabs)
Dose Adjustments
Dosage Modifications
Renal impairment
It is excreted through the kidneys, in patients who have mild to moderate impairment, no significant changes are seen.
In patients who have severe renal impairment, monitor for adverse effects such as sedation, hypotension, and respiratory depression
Hepatic impairment
It is metabolized in liver; clearance can decrease after hepatic impairment
In patients who have hepatic impairment, monitor for adverse effects such as sedation, hypotension, and respiratory depression
Use one patch every 12 hours applied on the highly aching region
Administer dose of 30 mg intravenously every 6 hours and maximum limit of up to 120 mg daily
Administer dose of 30 mg intramuscularly every 6 hours and maximum limit of up to 120 mg daily
Take 20 mg orally one time after intravenous or intramuscular therapy
After this take 10 mg every 4 to 6 hours and maximum limit of up to 40 mg daily
Dosing Considerations
Total duration of therapy should not be more than five days
Reduce daily dose in patients specially those who are more than 65 years old and less than 50 kg weight
Dosing Modifications
Renal impairment
Severe: Avoid usage
Moderate: Use 50% of suggested dose and not more than 60 mg daily via intramuscular or intravenous route
Hepatic impairment
Study not performed
Indicated for Acute Pain, Osteoarthritis, Dysmenorrhoea
100 mg orally two times a day
It should not be used for more than 15 days
Or
200 mg through the rectal route two times a day
Acute traumatic tendinitis, Sprains
Apply a thin layer of 3% gel or cream near the affected area two-three times a day for 7 to 15 days
Take a dose as per physician advised
15-30 mg oral tablet every 4 hours as and when required
10-20 mg suppository every 4 hours as and when required
150 to 300 mg oral tablet in 3 to 4 divided doses per day or as needed
Children and adolescents <18 Years:
Weight <50kg: 7.5 to 10 mg/kg immediate release every 12 hrs (Do not exceed 1000 mg/day)
Weight >50kg: 300 to 400 mg immediate release every 12 hrs (Do not exceed 1000 mg/day)
<14 years: Not recommended
>14 years: Initial dose: 500mg orally once, then 250mg orally four times a day whenever necessary
Do not exceed for more than seven days
Indicated for Short-Term, Acute Pain
Age >16 years
2 tablets orally four-six times a day; should not exceed 8 tablets in a day
Duration of treatment is 5 days or less
Age <16 years
Safety and efficacy not established
For <12 years, safety and efficacy are not seen
For ≥12 years, indicated to relieve moderate to mild pain
25 mg orally 4 times daily
Dose Modification
In the case of hepatic impairment, start over with the lowest potent dose, and consider substitute treatment if efficacy is not achieved
Safety and efficacy not determined in less than six years old
Use one patch every 12 hours applied on highly aching region in more than or equal to six years old
Safety and efficacy not determined in less than two years old
2-16 years:
Single dose: administer 0.5 mg/kg through intravenous or intramuscular one time and not more than 15 mg dose
Multiple dose: administer 0.5 mg/kg through intravenous or intramuscular every 6 hours and for not more than 5 days
>16 years and less than 50 kg:
Administer dose of 15 mg intravenously every 6 hours and maximum limit up to 60 mg daily
Administer dose of 15 mg intramuscularly every 6 hours and maximum limit up to 60 mg daily
Take 10 mg orally one time after intravenous or intramuscular therapy
After this take 10 mg every 4 to 6 hours and maximum limit up to 40 mg daily
>16 years and more than 50 kg:
Administer dose of 30 mg intravenously every 6 hours and maximum limit up to 120 mg daily
Administer dose of 30 mg intramuscularly every 6 hours and maximum limit up to 120 mg daily
Take 20 mg orally one time after intravenous or intramuscular therapy
After this take 10 mg every 4 to 6 hours and maximum limit up to 40 mg daily
Dosing Considerations
Avoid using in pediatric patients
Total duration of therapy should not more than five days
Initial dose: 500mg orally once then 250mg orally four times a day whenever necessary
Do not exceed for more than seven days
Future Trends
References

Both our subscription plans include Free CME/CPD AMA PRA Category 1 credits.

On course completion, you will receive a full-sized presentation quality digital certificate.
A dynamic medical simulation platform designed to train healthcare professionals and students to effectively run code situations through an immersive hands-on experience in a live, interactive 3D environment.

When you have your licenses, certificates and CMEs in one place, it's easier to track your career growth. You can easily share these with hospitals as well, using your medtigo app.
