Long COVID Patterns in the RECOVER-Adult Study
November 21, 2025
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Background
Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes Gonnorhea, a sexually transmitted infection that causes significant global morbidity in developed and developing nations. Like other STIs, gonorrhea disproportionately affects young adult populations.
Epidemiology
N. gonorrhoeae is the world’s second most prevalent source of bacterial sexually transmitted infections. The WHO estimated 106 million cases recorded among adults globally each year, with many more infections going undetected. With almost 5,00,000 instances reported each year in the United States alone.
Gonorrhea infection has a significant male predominance due to the higher possibility that males may experience urogenital symptoms and an increase in diagnoses among gay men. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has increased the prevalence of gonorrheal STIs during the previous decade.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
The infection of N. gonorrhoeae begins with gonococcal adherence to epithelial cells, accompanied by the local cellular intrusion. Gonorrhea possesses several surface proteins that aid in adherence. N. gonorrhoeae uses pili to establish an attachment to epithelial cells. Pili are hair-like appendages that coat the bacterial surface.
Because of their capacity to extend and retract, bacteria can adhere from a distance and migrate closer to epithelial cells, facilitating cellular invasion. Pili also helps with mobility and protection. Lipooligosaccharide binds to sperm cells, resulting in transfer from infected men to uninfected sexual partners.
Bacterial cells interact with host cell component receptors type 3 during the invasion of the cervical epithelium. The attachment of pili to the CR3 initiates this communication. Ruffling permits gonococci to infiltrate host cells in the form of giant vacuoles known as macropinosomes and proliferate within infected cells.
Gonococci are classified as serum-resistant or serum-sensitive depending on their susceptibility to complement activation death; serum-resistant strains can cause disseminated infection. N. gonorrhoeae has evolved a few methods to counteract the immunological defenses of its hosts’ adaptive and innate immunity systems.
Etiology
In nature, the obligatory pathogen N. gonorrhoeae only infects humans and causes urethritis in males and cervicitis in females. Bacteria exhibit symptoms to spread from one host to the other. These bacteria must infect a host to exist; they cannot survive without a host.
Untreated and undiagnosed gonorrheal urogenital infections can spread through the upper genitourinary tract and cause various severe reproductive complications, most commonly but not primarily in women, including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, or life-threatening mortality through an ectopic pregnancy.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
Antibiotics can generally treat a gonorrhea infection that has not spread. Antimicrobial resistance increases the mortality rate.
Clinical History
Physical Examination
The physical examination may involve:
Inspection of Genital Area:
Swab Testing:
Rectal and Throat Swabs:
Blood Tests:
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
The differential diagnoses for symptoms associated with gonorrhea include:
Chlamydia: Like gonorrhea, chlamydia is a common bacterial STI. Both can cause similar symptoms, such as painful urination and discharge.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): UTIs can cause symptoms like painful urination and a frequent urge to urinate, which may be confused with gonorrhea.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): In women, gonorrhea can lead to PID, which shares symptoms like pelvic pain with other conditions such as appendicitis or ovarian cysts.
Syphilis: Another STI, syphilis, can cause genital sores and may be mistaken for gonorrhea.
Non-Specific Urethritis (NSU): This is inflammation of the urethra without a specific cause. It can be caused by various pathogens, not just gonorrhea.
Yeast Infection: In women, symptoms like vaginal itching and discharge might be attributed to a yeast infection rather than gonorrhea.
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
The treatment paradigm for gonorrhea involves antibiotics. However, it’s important to note that the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes gonorrhea, has developed resistance to various antibiotics over time.
Commonly, a dual therapy approach is recommended to enhance effectiveness and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. Ceftriaxone, an injectable cephalosporin, is often combined with azithromycin, an oral macrolide antibiotic. This combination helps address the increasing resistance of gonorrhea to individual antibiotics.
It’s crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by a healthcare provider, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. Regular testing and follow-up are also important to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment and to detect any potential reinfection.
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
lifestyle-modifications-in-treating-gonorrhea
Education and Awareness Campaigns: Increasing awareness about safe sexual practices, condom use, & the significance of regular testing plays a crucial role in preventing the transmission of gonorrhea.
Improved Access to Healthcare: Ensuring easy access to healthcare facilities for testing, treatment, and counseling is crucial. This includes making testing centers more available, especially in high-risk areas, and providing affordable or free testing and treatment options.
Partner Notification and Treatment: Encouraging individuals diagnosed with gonorrhea to notify their sexual partners and seek treatment is essential to prevent further transmission. This may involve anonymous partner notification programs supported by healthcare providers.
Antibiotic Stewardship: Given the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains of gonorrhea, promoting responsible antibiotic use and research into new treatment options are vital. Healthcare providers should adhere to guidelines for appropriate antibiotic prescription and dosage.
Research and Development: Investing in research for vaccines and alternative treatment methods, such as new antibiotics or novel therapeutic approaches, is crucial in combating gonorrhea.
Community Engagement: Engaging community leaders, advocacy groups, and local organizations can help spread awareness, reduce stigma, and encourage healthy behaviors regarding sexual health.
Health Policies and Regulations: Implementing policies that support comprehensive sexual health education in schools, support for preventive measures, and funding for public health initiatives aimed at controlling STIs, including gonorrhea.
Technological Innovations: Embracing technology for telemedicine, online resources for education and testing, and mobile applications that provide information and support for sexual health can help reach a broader audience.
Role of third generation cephalosporin in treating gonococcal infection
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
The recommended dose to treat gonococcal infection is 500 mg of ceftriaxone administer intramuscularly as one dose.
Ceftriaxone demonstrates safety and efficacy in expectant mothers while potentially eliminating developing syphilis infections.
An analysis of suggested treatments for uncomplicated gonorrhea across 11 East European nations revealed that ceftriaxone (administered intramuscularly at doses ranging from 250 to 1000 mg as a one dose) was consistently recommended as the primary antimicrobial choice in all these regions.
cefixime (Suprax)
Cefixime, belonging to the cephalosporin class, works by preventing bacterial cell wall synthesis through its interaction with one or more penicillin-binding proteins. It serves as an alternative treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea when ceftriaxone is not accessible, although it is not the primary choice for this purpose.
The recommended dose is one dose of 400 mg of cefixime with a azithromycin one dose 1 grams orally.
Role of combination therapy in treating gonococcal conjunctivitis
ceftriaxone + azithromycin
Role of combination therapy in treating pelvic inflammatory disease associated with gonorrhea: Specialty
ceftriaxone + azithromycin+metronidazole
Effectiveness of combination therapy in treating gonococcal epididymitis
ceftriaxone + doxycycline
Effectiveness of combination therapy in treating gonococcal meningitis & endocarditis
ceftriaxone + azithromycin
Use of Macrolide antibiotics in treating gonorrhea
erythromycin (ophthalmic)
azithromycin (Zithromax)
Use of tetracyclines in treating gonorrhea
Doxycycline inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunits, potentially also affecting the 50S subunits, consequently impeding protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria.
The suggested dose is doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for ten to fourteen days.
This dose may also be used additionally as one dose of 250 mg of ceftriaxone intramuscularly for PID/gonococcal epididymitis.
role-of-surgical-procedures-in-treating-disorders-associated-with-gonorrhea
In some cases where gonorrhea leads to complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), abscesses, or other severe complications, surgical intervention might be necessary to manage those complications.
Surgery may be needed to drain abscesses, remove damaged tissue, or repair any anatomical structures affected by the infection.
Most experts advise the extraction of intrauterine devices from women diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
role-of-management-in-treating-gonorrhea
Treatment:
Partner Notification:
Prevention:
Follow-up Testing:
Public Health Measures:
Medication
Indicated for Uncomplicated Gonorrhea:
400 mg orally once along with azithromycin 1g orally once or doxycycline
100mg orally every 12hhr for 7days as alternate therapy
500 mg of tetracycline orally every 6 hours for 7 days
Administer 1 gram orally along with a single 2-gram dose of cefoxitin intramuscularly
Take a single dose of 2.25 g orally in combination with probenecid
8-9 capsules (12,000,000-13,500,000 units) of Rovamycine 500 orally administered as one dose
Note: spiramycin is not advised as a suitable treatment for gonorrhea according to clinical practice guidelines
Take a dose of 300 mg orally as a single dose
Administer 0.25 to 0.5 g intramuscularly or intravenous infusion as a single dose.
zoliflodacin (pending FDA approval)Â
It showed effective and safe as standard treatment for uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea in a global Phase 3 non-inferiority clinical trial:
It is active against a wide range of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, including multidrug-resistant strains
It was also well-tolerated, with only mild side effects reported
Two capsules orally two times a day
(or) 0.1ml to 0.3 ml leaf extract orally thrice daily
(or) 1 to 2 teaspoons of dry leaf in a cup of water orally once daily
3.5g of the single oral dose administered simultaneously, with 1g probenecid
For individuals weighing over 45 kg, an oral dose of 1 gram and a single intramuscular dose of 2 grams of cefoxitin should be administered
Future Trends
Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes Gonnorhea, a sexually transmitted infection that causes significant global morbidity in developed and developing nations. Like other STIs, gonorrhea disproportionately affects young adult populations.
N. gonorrhoeae is the world’s second most prevalent source of bacterial sexually transmitted infections. The WHO estimated 106 million cases recorded among adults globally each year, with many more infections going undetected. With almost 5,00,000 instances reported each year in the United States alone.
Gonorrhea infection has a significant male predominance due to the higher possibility that males may experience urogenital symptoms and an increase in diagnoses among gay men. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has increased the prevalence of gonorrheal STIs during the previous decade.
The infection of N. gonorrhoeae begins with gonococcal adherence to epithelial cells, accompanied by the local cellular intrusion. Gonorrhea possesses several surface proteins that aid in adherence. N. gonorrhoeae uses pili to establish an attachment to epithelial cells. Pili are hair-like appendages that coat the bacterial surface.
Because of their capacity to extend and retract, bacteria can adhere from a distance and migrate closer to epithelial cells, facilitating cellular invasion. Pili also helps with mobility and protection. Lipooligosaccharide binds to sperm cells, resulting in transfer from infected men to uninfected sexual partners.
Bacterial cells interact with host cell component receptors type 3 during the invasion of the cervical epithelium. The attachment of pili to the CR3 initiates this communication. Ruffling permits gonococci to infiltrate host cells in the form of giant vacuoles known as macropinosomes and proliferate within infected cells.
Gonococci are classified as serum-resistant or serum-sensitive depending on their susceptibility to complement activation death; serum-resistant strains can cause disseminated infection. N. gonorrhoeae has evolved a few methods to counteract the immunological defenses of its hosts’ adaptive and innate immunity systems.
In nature, the obligatory pathogen N. gonorrhoeae only infects humans and causes urethritis in males and cervicitis in females. Bacteria exhibit symptoms to spread from one host to the other. These bacteria must infect a host to exist; they cannot survive without a host.
Untreated and undiagnosed gonorrheal urogenital infections can spread through the upper genitourinary tract and cause various severe reproductive complications, most commonly but not primarily in women, including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, or life-threatening mortality through an ectopic pregnancy.
Antibiotics can generally treat a gonorrhea infection that has not spread. Antimicrobial resistance increases the mortality rate.
The physical examination may involve:
Inspection of Genital Area:
Swab Testing:
Rectal and Throat Swabs:
Blood Tests:
The differential diagnoses for symptoms associated with gonorrhea include:
Chlamydia: Like gonorrhea, chlamydia is a common bacterial STI. Both can cause similar symptoms, such as painful urination and discharge.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): UTIs can cause symptoms like painful urination and a frequent urge to urinate, which may be confused with gonorrhea.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): In women, gonorrhea can lead to PID, which shares symptoms like pelvic pain with other conditions such as appendicitis or ovarian cysts.
Syphilis: Another STI, syphilis, can cause genital sores and may be mistaken for gonorrhea.
Non-Specific Urethritis (NSU): This is inflammation of the urethra without a specific cause. It can be caused by various pathogens, not just gonorrhea.
Yeast Infection: In women, symptoms like vaginal itching and discharge might be attributed to a yeast infection rather than gonorrhea.
The treatment paradigm for gonorrhea involves antibiotics. However, it’s important to note that the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes gonorrhea, has developed resistance to various antibiotics over time.
Commonly, a dual therapy approach is recommended to enhance effectiveness and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. Ceftriaxone, an injectable cephalosporin, is often combined with azithromycin, an oral macrolide antibiotic. This combination helps address the increasing resistance of gonorrhea to individual antibiotics.
It’s crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by a healthcare provider, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. Regular testing and follow-up are also important to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment and to detect any potential reinfection.
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
Education and Awareness Campaigns: Increasing awareness about safe sexual practices, condom use, & the significance of regular testing plays a crucial role in preventing the transmission of gonorrhea.
Improved Access to Healthcare: Ensuring easy access to healthcare facilities for testing, treatment, and counseling is crucial. This includes making testing centers more available, especially in high-risk areas, and providing affordable or free testing and treatment options.
Partner Notification and Treatment: Encouraging individuals diagnosed with gonorrhea to notify their sexual partners and seek treatment is essential to prevent further transmission. This may involve anonymous partner notification programs supported by healthcare providers.
Antibiotic Stewardship: Given the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains of gonorrhea, promoting responsible antibiotic use and research into new treatment options are vital. Healthcare providers should adhere to guidelines for appropriate antibiotic prescription and dosage.
Research and Development: Investing in research for vaccines and alternative treatment methods, such as new antibiotics or novel therapeutic approaches, is crucial in combating gonorrhea.
Community Engagement: Engaging community leaders, advocacy groups, and local organizations can help spread awareness, reduce stigma, and encourage healthy behaviors regarding sexual health.
Health Policies and Regulations: Implementing policies that support comprehensive sexual health education in schools, support for preventive measures, and funding for public health initiatives aimed at controlling STIs, including gonorrhea.
Technological Innovations: Embracing technology for telemedicine, online resources for education and testing, and mobile applications that provide information and support for sexual health can help reach a broader audience.
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
The recommended dose to treat gonococcal infection is 500 mg of ceftriaxone administer intramuscularly as one dose.
Ceftriaxone demonstrates safety and efficacy in expectant mothers while potentially eliminating developing syphilis infections.
An analysis of suggested treatments for uncomplicated gonorrhea across 11 East European nations revealed that ceftriaxone (administered intramuscularly at doses ranging from 250 to 1000 mg as a one dose) was consistently recommended as the primary antimicrobial choice in all these regions.
cefixime (Suprax)
Cefixime, belonging to the cephalosporin class, works by preventing bacterial cell wall synthesis through its interaction with one or more penicillin-binding proteins. It serves as an alternative treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea when ceftriaxone is not accessible, although it is not the primary choice for this purpose.
The recommended dose is one dose of 400 mg of cefixime with a azithromycin one dose 1 grams orally.
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
ceftriaxone + azithromycin
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
ceftriaxone + azithromycin+metronidazole
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
ceftriaxone + doxycycline
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
ceftriaxone + azithromycin
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
erythromycin (ophthalmic)
azithromycin (Zithromax)
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
Doxycycline inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunits, potentially also affecting the 50S subunits, consequently impeding protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria.
The suggested dose is doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for ten to fourteen days.
This dose may also be used additionally as one dose of 250 mg of ceftriaxone intramuscularly for PID/gonococcal epididymitis.
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
In some cases where gonorrhea leads to complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), abscesses, or other severe complications, surgical intervention might be necessary to manage those complications.
Surgery may be needed to drain abscesses, remove damaged tissue, or repair any anatomical structures affected by the infection.
Most experts advise the extraction of intrauterine devices from women diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
Treatment:
Partner Notification:
Prevention:
Follow-up Testing:
Public Health Measures:
Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes Gonnorhea, a sexually transmitted infection that causes significant global morbidity in developed and developing nations. Like other STIs, gonorrhea disproportionately affects young adult populations.
N. gonorrhoeae is the world’s second most prevalent source of bacterial sexually transmitted infections. The WHO estimated 106 million cases recorded among adults globally each year, with many more infections going undetected. With almost 5,00,000 instances reported each year in the United States alone.
Gonorrhea infection has a significant male predominance due to the higher possibility that males may experience urogenital symptoms and an increase in diagnoses among gay men. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has increased the prevalence of gonorrheal STIs during the previous decade.
The infection of N. gonorrhoeae begins with gonococcal adherence to epithelial cells, accompanied by the local cellular intrusion. Gonorrhea possesses several surface proteins that aid in adherence. N. gonorrhoeae uses pili to establish an attachment to epithelial cells. Pili are hair-like appendages that coat the bacterial surface.
Because of their capacity to extend and retract, bacteria can adhere from a distance and migrate closer to epithelial cells, facilitating cellular invasion. Pili also helps with mobility and protection. Lipooligosaccharide binds to sperm cells, resulting in transfer from infected men to uninfected sexual partners.
Bacterial cells interact with host cell component receptors type 3 during the invasion of the cervical epithelium. The attachment of pili to the CR3 initiates this communication. Ruffling permits gonococci to infiltrate host cells in the form of giant vacuoles known as macropinosomes and proliferate within infected cells.
Gonococci are classified as serum-resistant or serum-sensitive depending on their susceptibility to complement activation death; serum-resistant strains can cause disseminated infection. N. gonorrhoeae has evolved a few methods to counteract the immunological defenses of its hosts’ adaptive and innate immunity systems.
In nature, the obligatory pathogen N. gonorrhoeae only infects humans and causes urethritis in males and cervicitis in females. Bacteria exhibit symptoms to spread from one host to the other. These bacteria must infect a host to exist; they cannot survive without a host.
Untreated and undiagnosed gonorrheal urogenital infections can spread through the upper genitourinary tract and cause various severe reproductive complications, most commonly but not primarily in women, including endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, or life-threatening mortality through an ectopic pregnancy.
Antibiotics can generally treat a gonorrhea infection that has not spread. Antimicrobial resistance increases the mortality rate.
The physical examination may involve:
Inspection of Genital Area:
Swab Testing:
Rectal and Throat Swabs:
Blood Tests:
The differential diagnoses for symptoms associated with gonorrhea include:
Chlamydia: Like gonorrhea, chlamydia is a common bacterial STI. Both can cause similar symptoms, such as painful urination and discharge.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): UTIs can cause symptoms like painful urination and a frequent urge to urinate, which may be confused with gonorrhea.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): In women, gonorrhea can lead to PID, which shares symptoms like pelvic pain with other conditions such as appendicitis or ovarian cysts.
Syphilis: Another STI, syphilis, can cause genital sores and may be mistaken for gonorrhea.
Non-Specific Urethritis (NSU): This is inflammation of the urethra without a specific cause. It can be caused by various pathogens, not just gonorrhea.
Yeast Infection: In women, symptoms like vaginal itching and discharge might be attributed to a yeast infection rather than gonorrhea.
The treatment paradigm for gonorrhea involves antibiotics. However, it’s important to note that the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which causes gonorrhea, has developed resistance to various antibiotics over time.
Commonly, a dual therapy approach is recommended to enhance effectiveness and reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance. Ceftriaxone, an injectable cephalosporin, is often combined with azithromycin, an oral macrolide antibiotic. This combination helps address the increasing resistance of gonorrhea to individual antibiotics.
It’s crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by a healthcare provider, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. Regular testing and follow-up are also important to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment and to detect any potential reinfection.
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
Education and Awareness Campaigns: Increasing awareness about safe sexual practices, condom use, & the significance of regular testing plays a crucial role in preventing the transmission of gonorrhea.
Improved Access to Healthcare: Ensuring easy access to healthcare facilities for testing, treatment, and counseling is crucial. This includes making testing centers more available, especially in high-risk areas, and providing affordable or free testing and treatment options.
Partner Notification and Treatment: Encouraging individuals diagnosed with gonorrhea to notify their sexual partners and seek treatment is essential to prevent further transmission. This may involve anonymous partner notification programs supported by healthcare providers.
Antibiotic Stewardship: Given the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains of gonorrhea, promoting responsible antibiotic use and research into new treatment options are vital. Healthcare providers should adhere to guidelines for appropriate antibiotic prescription and dosage.
Research and Development: Investing in research for vaccines and alternative treatment methods, such as new antibiotics or novel therapeutic approaches, is crucial in combating gonorrhea.
Community Engagement: Engaging community leaders, advocacy groups, and local organizations can help spread awareness, reduce stigma, and encourage healthy behaviors regarding sexual health.
Health Policies and Regulations: Implementing policies that support comprehensive sexual health education in schools, support for preventive measures, and funding for public health initiatives aimed at controlling STIs, including gonorrhea.
Technological Innovations: Embracing technology for telemedicine, online resources for education and testing, and mobile applications that provide information and support for sexual health can help reach a broader audience.
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
The recommended dose to treat gonococcal infection is 500 mg of ceftriaxone administer intramuscularly as one dose.
Ceftriaxone demonstrates safety and efficacy in expectant mothers while potentially eliminating developing syphilis infections.
An analysis of suggested treatments for uncomplicated gonorrhea across 11 East European nations revealed that ceftriaxone (administered intramuscularly at doses ranging from 250 to 1000 mg as a one dose) was consistently recommended as the primary antimicrobial choice in all these regions.
cefixime (Suprax)
Cefixime, belonging to the cephalosporin class, works by preventing bacterial cell wall synthesis through its interaction with one or more penicillin-binding proteins. It serves as an alternative treatment for uncomplicated gonorrhea when ceftriaxone is not accessible, although it is not the primary choice for this purpose.
The recommended dose is one dose of 400 mg of cefixime with a azithromycin one dose 1 grams orally.
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
ceftriaxone + azithromycin
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
ceftriaxone + azithromycin+metronidazole
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
ceftriaxone + doxycycline
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
ceftriaxone + azithromycin
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
erythromycin (ophthalmic)
azithromycin (Zithromax)
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
Doxycycline inhibits bacterial growth by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunits, potentially also affecting the 50S subunits, consequently impeding protein synthesis in susceptible bacteria.
The suggested dose is doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for ten to fourteen days.
This dose may also be used additionally as one dose of 250 mg of ceftriaxone intramuscularly for PID/gonococcal epididymitis.
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
In some cases where gonorrhea leads to complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), abscesses, or other severe complications, surgical intervention might be necessary to manage those complications.
Surgery may be needed to drain abscesses, remove damaged tissue, or repair any anatomical structures affected by the infection.
Most experts advise the extraction of intrauterine devices from women diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
OB/GYN and Women\'s Health
Treatment:
Partner Notification:
Prevention:
Follow-up Testing:
Public Health Measures:
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