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» Home » CAD » Infectious Disease » Respiratory Tract Infection » Pharyngitis
Background
Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the oropharynx’s mucosal surfaces. Most frequently, a viral or bacterial illness is to blame. Allergies, malignancy, trauma, reflux, and specific poisons are a few fewer common triggers of pharyngitis.
Epidemiology
692,000 of the 1.814 million pharyngitis visits to emergency rooms in 2010 involved patients under the young of fifteen. Pharyngitis most frequently affects children younger than the age of five.
Although less frequently, the illness can also emerge in adults. Pharyngitis incidence is relatively high over the world, especially in nations whereby antibiotics are overmedicated.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
The pharyngeal mucosal can be directly invaded by viruses and bacteria. Some viruses, such as the rhinovirus, can irritate the nose as a result of nasal discharges. There is nearly always a localized invasion of the pharyngeal mucous, which also causes an overabundance of edema and discharges.
Etiology
Pharyngitis, or painful throat, symptoms are caused by a number of viral infections and are caused by 50 percent to 80 percent of cases. Mostly influenza, rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and coronavirus are the microorganisms that cause these illnesses. Herpes, the Epstein-Barr virus, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the coxsackievirus are less prevalent viral infections. After such a viral illness, more serious instances often turn out to be a bacterium.
Acute pharyngitis is most frequently brought on by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, which accounts for 5 percent to 36percent of cases. Additional bacterial etiological factors include Candida, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, Group B and C streptococcus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, N. meningitides, N. gonorrhoeae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Fusobacterium necrophorum.
Acute pharyngitis can also be brought on by chemical exposure and environmental allergens. Symptoms of other serious disorders, such as retropharyngeal abscess, peritonsillar abscess, Kawasaki disorder, and epiglottitis, may also include pharyngitis.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
The outcome for pharyngitis is generally favorable because both bacterial and viral infections frequently self-limit to five to seven days. About 20 million people in underdeveloped nations contract acute rheumatic fever from group A streptococci infections.
The main factor in young people’s deaths is this disorder. Pharyngitis rarely results in death, but it can if the airway is damaged. The majority of pharyngitis cases heal in 7 to 10 days. Resistance to antibiotics, untreated close connections, and poor compliance are typically the causes of treatment failures.
Clinical History
Physical Examination
Age group
Associated comorbidity
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Differential Diagnoses
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
by Stage
by Modality
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Surgical Interventions
Hormone Therapy
Immunotherapy
Hyperthermia
Photodynamic Therapy
Stem Cell Transplant
Targeted Therapy
Palliative Care
Medication
500
mg
Tablet
Orally
every 24 hours
10
days
If the infection is caused by S. pyrogenes, administer the dose for more than 10 days
500
mg
2 times a day or 1 g daily
10
days
ER: 775 mg daily for 10 days
250
mg
orally
4 times a day
10
days
1.2 million units given IM daily as a single dose
400
mg
Orally
divided in to 2 times a day
10
days
Indicated for Streptococcal pharyngitis:
250 mg oral tablet immediate release twice a day for 14 days
250
mg
Capsule
Orally
every 6 hrs
1
g
orally
daily
10
days
Note: indicated for pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
500 mg orally once a day, followed by 250 mg 4 times a day, on the 2nd to 5th day.
125 - 250
mg
Orally
every 8 hrs
10
days
400 mg/day orally in single daily dose or divided every 12hr
The drug treats inflammation in the pharynx and tonsils. Streptococcus pyogenes cause the infection; the dose for the same is 500 mg on the 1st day, followed by 250 mg drug four times daily on the 2nd to 5th day.
Day 1: 500 mg orally in a single dosage;
Days 2–5: 250 mg orally per day
Spray onto the oral mucosa with an oral sprayer for approximately 0.5 seconds; repeat for four times daily.
Allow the lozenge to melt gently in the mouth; repeat for every two hours as needed.
Indicated for Pharyngitis & Cough
Allow gradual dissolution of the lozenge in the oral cavity
can be repeated every two hours as needed
Ensure the total daily consumption does not surpass ten lozenges
1 lozenge dissolve in mouth every 2 hours
maximum 10 lozenges can be used per day
Not to exceed 10 lozenges/day
Indicated for acute pharyngitis:
15 mL should be gargled or rinsed in the mouth for 30 seconds before being expelled every 1.5 to 3 hours
Children: 30 mg per kg orally per day or in divided doses twice a day
The maximum duration of the treatment in beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections is ten days
7.5
mg/kg
Tablet
Orally
twice a day
10
days
Do not exceed 500 mg/dose
Children and Adolescents: :
50 mg/kg/day orally daily or in divided doses 2 times a day for 10 days; may be increase up to 1,000 mg/day
ER: 775 mg orally daily for 10 days
Age > 12 years:
125 - 250
mg
Orally
every 6-8 hrs
10
days
wt <27 kg: 600,000 U IM daily
wt > 27 kg: 1.2 million U IM daily
30
mg/kg
orally
daily
Indicated for Streptococcal Pharyngitis:
20-30 mg/kg/day orally divided 3 times for Chronic carrier treatment
7 mg/kg/dose 3 times daily for 10 days for Acute treatment
25 - 50
mg/kg
Capsule
Orally
every 8 hrs
10
days
Indicated for pharyngitis and tonsilitis in children
For <2 years: Safety and efficacy are not seen
≥2 years: 12 mg/kg orally each day for 5 days; do not exceed more than 500 mg/day
<2 years: No evidence of safety or effectiveness
2 years and under: 12 mg/kg orally once day for 5 days; maximum daily dose of 500 mg.
2 years old or more: Spray onto the oral mucosa with an oral sprayer for approximately 0.5 seconds; repeat it for four times a day
5 years old or more: Allow the lozenge to melt gently in the mouth; repeat for every two hours as needed.
Teething
2 years old or more: Apply to gums or oral mucosa, leave on for one minute, then emit.
Apply up to four times a day, Do not exceed seven days.
indicated for Pharyngitis & Cough
Age >2 years- allow the lozenge to dissolve gradually in the mouth
it can be taken every 2 hours as needed
The maximum daily intake should not exceed ten lozenges
Age: > 2 years
1 lozenge dissolve in mouth every 2 hours
maximum 10 lozenges can be used per day Not to exceed 10 lozenges/day
Children more than 6 years and adults: 15 mL should be gargled or rinsed in the mouth for 30 seconds before being expelled every 1.5 to 3 hours
Future Trends
References
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519550/
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» Home » CAD » Infectious Disease » Respiratory Tract Infection » Pharyngitis
Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the oropharynx’s mucosal surfaces. Most frequently, a viral or bacterial illness is to blame. Allergies, malignancy, trauma, reflux, and specific poisons are a few fewer common triggers of pharyngitis.
692,000 of the 1.814 million pharyngitis visits to emergency rooms in 2010 involved patients under the young of fifteen. Pharyngitis most frequently affects children younger than the age of five.
Although less frequently, the illness can also emerge in adults. Pharyngitis incidence is relatively high over the world, especially in nations whereby antibiotics are overmedicated.
The pharyngeal mucosal can be directly invaded by viruses and bacteria. Some viruses, such as the rhinovirus, can irritate the nose as a result of nasal discharges. There is nearly always a localized invasion of the pharyngeal mucous, which also causes an overabundance of edema and discharges.
Pharyngitis, or painful throat, symptoms are caused by a number of viral infections and are caused by 50 percent to 80 percent of cases. Mostly influenza, rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and coronavirus are the microorganisms that cause these illnesses. Herpes, the Epstein-Barr virus, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the coxsackievirus are less prevalent viral infections. After such a viral illness, more serious instances often turn out to be a bacterium.
Acute pharyngitis is most frequently brought on by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, which accounts for 5 percent to 36percent of cases. Additional bacterial etiological factors include Candida, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, Group B and C streptococcus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, N. meningitides, N. gonorrhoeae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Fusobacterium necrophorum.
Acute pharyngitis can also be brought on by chemical exposure and environmental allergens. Symptoms of other serious disorders, such as retropharyngeal abscess, peritonsillar abscess, Kawasaki disorder, and epiglottitis, may also include pharyngitis.
The outcome for pharyngitis is generally favorable because both bacterial and viral infections frequently self-limit to five to seven days. About 20 million people in underdeveloped nations contract acute rheumatic fever from group A streptococci infections.
The main factor in young people’s deaths is this disorder. Pharyngitis rarely results in death, but it can if the airway is damaged. The majority of pharyngitis cases heal in 7 to 10 days. Resistance to antibiotics, untreated close connections, and poor compliance are typically the causes of treatment failures.
500
mg
Tablet
Orally
every 24 hours
10
days
If the infection is caused by S. pyrogenes, administer the dose for more than 10 days
500
mg
2 times a day or 1 g daily
10
days
ER: 775 mg daily for 10 days
250
mg
orally
4 times a day
10
days
1.2 million units given IM daily as a single dose
400
mg
Orally
divided in to 2 times a day
10
days
Indicated for Streptococcal pharyngitis:
250 mg oral tablet immediate release twice a day for 14 days
250
mg
Capsule
Orally
every 6 hrs
1
g
orally
daily
10
days
Note: indicated for pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
500 mg orally once a day, followed by 250 mg 4 times a day, on the 2nd to 5th day.
125 - 250
mg
Orally
every 8 hrs
10
days
400 mg/day orally in single daily dose or divided every 12hr
The drug treats inflammation in the pharynx and tonsils. Streptococcus pyogenes cause the infection; the dose for the same is 500 mg on the 1st day, followed by 250 mg drug four times daily on the 2nd to 5th day.
Day 1: 500 mg orally in a single dosage;
Days 2–5: 250 mg orally per day
Spray onto the oral mucosa with an oral sprayer for approximately 0.5 seconds; repeat for four times daily.
Allow the lozenge to melt gently in the mouth; repeat for every two hours as needed.
Indicated for Pharyngitis & Cough
Allow gradual dissolution of the lozenge in the oral cavity
can be repeated every two hours as needed
Ensure the total daily consumption does not surpass ten lozenges
1 lozenge dissolve in mouth every 2 hours
maximum 10 lozenges can be used per day
Not to exceed 10 lozenges/day
Indicated for acute pharyngitis:
15 mL should be gargled or rinsed in the mouth for 30 seconds before being expelled every 1.5 to 3 hours
Children: 30 mg per kg orally per day or in divided doses twice a day
The maximum duration of the treatment in beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections is ten days
7.5
mg/kg
Tablet
Orally
twice a day
10
days
Do not exceed 500 mg/dose
Children and Adolescents: :
50 mg/kg/day orally daily or in divided doses 2 times a day for 10 days; may be increase up to 1,000 mg/day
ER: 775 mg orally daily for 10 days
Age > 12 years:
125 - 250
mg
Orally
every 6-8 hrs
10
days
wt <27 kg: 600,000 U IM daily
wt > 27 kg: 1.2 million U IM daily
30
mg/kg
orally
daily
Indicated for Streptococcal Pharyngitis:
20-30 mg/kg/day orally divided 3 times for Chronic carrier treatment
7 mg/kg/dose 3 times daily for 10 days for Acute treatment
25 - 50
mg/kg
Capsule
Orally
every 8 hrs
10
days
Indicated for pharyngitis and tonsilitis in children
For <2 years: Safety and efficacy are not seen
≥2 years: 12 mg/kg orally each day for 5 days; do not exceed more than 500 mg/day
<2 years: No evidence of safety or effectiveness
2 years and under: 12 mg/kg orally once day for 5 days; maximum daily dose of 500 mg.
2 years old or more: Spray onto the oral mucosa with an oral sprayer for approximately 0.5 seconds; repeat it for four times a day
5 years old or more: Allow the lozenge to melt gently in the mouth; repeat for every two hours as needed.
Teething
2 years old or more: Apply to gums or oral mucosa, leave on for one minute, then emit.
Apply up to four times a day, Do not exceed seven days.
indicated for Pharyngitis & Cough
Age >2 years- allow the lozenge to dissolve gradually in the mouth
it can be taken every 2 hours as needed
The maximum daily intake should not exceed ten lozenges
Age: > 2 years
1 lozenge dissolve in mouth every 2 hours
maximum 10 lozenges can be used per day Not to exceed 10 lozenges/day
Children more than 6 years and adults: 15 mL should be gargled or rinsed in the mouth for 30 seconds before being expelled every 1.5 to 3 hours
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519550/
Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the oropharynx’s mucosal surfaces. Most frequently, a viral or bacterial illness is to blame. Allergies, malignancy, trauma, reflux, and specific poisons are a few fewer common triggers of pharyngitis.
692,000 of the 1.814 million pharyngitis visits to emergency rooms in 2010 involved patients under the young of fifteen. Pharyngitis most frequently affects children younger than the age of five.
Although less frequently, the illness can also emerge in adults. Pharyngitis incidence is relatively high over the world, especially in nations whereby antibiotics are overmedicated.
The pharyngeal mucosal can be directly invaded by viruses and bacteria. Some viruses, such as the rhinovirus, can irritate the nose as a result of nasal discharges. There is nearly always a localized invasion of the pharyngeal mucous, which also causes an overabundance of edema and discharges.
Pharyngitis, or painful throat, symptoms are caused by a number of viral infections and are caused by 50 percent to 80 percent of cases. Mostly influenza, rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza, and coronavirus are the microorganisms that cause these illnesses. Herpes, the Epstein-Barr virus, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the coxsackievirus are less prevalent viral infections. After such a viral illness, more serious instances often turn out to be a bacterium.
Acute pharyngitis is most frequently brought on by Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, which accounts for 5 percent to 36percent of cases. Additional bacterial etiological factors include Candida, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum, Group B and C streptococcus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, N. meningitides, N. gonorrhoeae, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, and Fusobacterium necrophorum.
Acute pharyngitis can also be brought on by chemical exposure and environmental allergens. Symptoms of other serious disorders, such as retropharyngeal abscess, peritonsillar abscess, Kawasaki disorder, and epiglottitis, may also include pharyngitis.
The outcome for pharyngitis is generally favorable because both bacterial and viral infections frequently self-limit to five to seven days. About 20 million people in underdeveloped nations contract acute rheumatic fever from group A streptococci infections.
The main factor in young people’s deaths is this disorder. Pharyngitis rarely results in death, but it can if the airway is damaged. The majority of pharyngitis cases heal in 7 to 10 days. Resistance to antibiotics, untreated close connections, and poor compliance are typically the causes of treatment failures.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519550/
Founded in 2014, medtigo is committed to providing high-quality, friendly physicians, transparent pricing, and a focus on building relationships and a lifestyle brand for medical professionals nationwide.
USA – BOSTON
60 Roberts Drive, Suite 313
North Adams, MA 01247
INDIA – PUNE
7, Shree Krishna, 2nd Floor, Opp Kiosk Koffee, Shirole Lane, Off FC Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra
Founded in 2014, medtigo is committed to providing high-quality, friendly physicians, transparent pricing, and a focus on building relationships and a lifestyle brand for medical professionals nationwide.
MASSACHUSETTS – USA
60 Roberts Drive, Suite 313,
North Adams, MA 01247
MAHARASHTRA – INDIA
7, Shree Krishna, 2nd Floor,
Opp Kiosk Koffee,
Shirole Lane, Off FC Road,
Pune 411004, Maharashtra
