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Brand Name :
Blenoxane
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
Bleomycin
Class :
anti-cancer and antibiotic
Brand Name :
Blenoxane
(United States) [Available]Synonyms :
Bleomycin
Class :
anti-cancer and antibiotic
Dosage Forms and Strength:
Solution reconstituted, Injection:
15 units/vial
30 units/vial
Note: To stop feeling sick or throwing up, take medicines called antiemetics. These help prevent side effects like nausea and vomiting
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
BEP regimen:
30
units
Intravenous (IV)
every week
on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 3-week cycle in combination with etoposide, and cisplatin.
ABVD regimen:
0.25 - 0.5
unit/kg
Intravenous (IV)
for days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle in combination with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine.
BEACOPP regimen: 0.25 to 0.5 units/kg IV on day 8 of a 28-day cycle in combination with procarbazine, etoposide, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide.
Stanford V regimen: 0.125 to 0.25 units/kg /dose in combination with mechlorethamine, vinblastine, doxorubicin, etoposide, and prednisone in weeks 2,4,6,8,10, and 12.
60
units
Intravenous (IV)
as a single installation, mix in 50 to 100ml normal saline.
30
units
Intravenous (IV)
on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 21-day treatment cycle for 3 cycles in combination with etoposide and cisplatin.
0.30 to 0.5 units/kg IV on day 1 of a 21-day cycle for 4 cycles in combination with etoposide and cisplatin.
0.25 - 0.5
unit/kg
Intravenous (IV)/IM/SC
1-2 times a week
Dosage Forms and Strength:
Solution reconstituted, Injection:
15 units/vial
30 units/vial
Note: To stop feeling sick or throwing up, take medicines called antiemetics. These help prevent side effects like nausea and vomiting
ABVD (high-risk lymphoma) Children and adolescents :
0.25 - 0.5
unit/kg
Intravenous (IV)
on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle for 2 to 6 cycles in combination with dacarbazine, vinblastine, and doxorubicin.
BEACOPP regimen: Children and adolescents
0.25 to 0.5 units/kg IV on day 7 of a 28-day cycle for 2 to 4 cycles in combination with procarbazine, etoposide, prednisone, and cyclophosphamide.
Stanford V regimen: Adolescents > 16 years
0.125 to 0.25 units/kg/dose IV in combination with mechlorethamine, vinblastine, doxorubicin, etoposide, and prednisone in weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12.
Infants:
0.5
mg/kg
Intravenous (IV)
on day 1 of a 21-day cycle for 4 cycles in combination with cisplatin and etoposide.
Children and adolescents: 0.5-0.75 units/kg on day 1 of a 21-day cycle for 4 cycles in combination with cisplatin and etoposide.
bleomycin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
bleomycin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
bleomycin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
bleomycin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
bleomycin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia agents
may increase the toxic effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factors
it enhance the risk of pulmonary toxicity
it enhance the risk of pulmonary toxicity
it enhance the risk of pulmonary toxicity
it enhance the risk of pulmonary toxicity
it enhance the risk of pulmonary toxicity
When mometasone furoate is used together with bleomycin, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of adverse outcomes
When bleomycin is used together with capsaicin, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of methemoglobinemia
bleomycin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of eucalyptus oil which leads to increased level of serum
cefpirome leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of bleomycin which leads to increased level of serum
bleomycin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of chromous sulfate, which leads to an increased level of serum
bleomycin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
bleomycin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of potassium acetate, which leads to an increased level of serum
bleomycin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of potassium perchlorate, which leads to an increased level of serum
bleomycin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of nitric oxide, which leads to an increased level of serum
digitoxin may decrease the cardiotoxic activities of bleomycin
bleomycin may decrease the excretion rate of almasilate, leading to higher serum levels
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased risk or severity of adverse effects
when both drugs are combined, there may be an increased risk or severity of adverse effects
may diminish the excretion rate of each other when combined
the rate of excretion of topiroxostat may be reduced
bleomycin might lead to a reduction in the rate of excretion of telavancin, potentially leading to elevated levels of serum
the activity of the anthrax vaccine can be reduced when used in combination with bleomycin
ceforanide: it may decrease the excretion rate of bleomycin
Actions and spectrum:
Bleomycin chiefly blocks DNA synthesis. Some research suggests it may curb protein and RNA synthesis slightly. However, its exact working remains uncertain. Lab experiments show bleomycin needs metal ions and oxygen to break DNA strands. It’s thought bleomycin attaches to metal ions, mainly iron, forming a pseudo-enzyme. When combined with oxygen, this generates free radicals like hydroxide and superoxide. These radicals then split DNA strands.
Frequency defined:
>10%:
Phlebitis
Tumor pain
Hyperpigmentation
Erythema
Hair loss
Skin rash
Alopecia
Weight loss
Mucositis
Anorexia
Myelosuppression
Pulmonary fibrosis
1% to 10%
Pruritis
Thickening of skin
Anaphylaxis with chills, confusion, fever, wheezing
Hypoxia
Rales
Tachypnea
Scleroderma
<1%
Hepatotoxicity
Renal impairment
Necrolysis
Myocardial infarction
Black Box Warning
Monitor for severe idiosyncratic reactions that might occur after administration.
Contraindication/Caution:
Contraindication:
Hypersensitivity
Caution:
Nonspecific pneumonitis
Pulmonary fibrosis
Lymphoma
Hepatotoxicity
Renal toxicity
Pregnancy/Lactation:
Pregnancy consideration: Bleomycin is a pregnancy category D drug. There are reports it can harm unborn babies given to pregnant women.
Lactation: Stop breastfeeding if you receive bleomycin therapy. Bleomycin could cause serious side effects in nursing infants. So breastfeeding is not recommended while taking this medication.
Pregnancy category:
Pharmacology:
Bleomycin is a medicine used to treat cancer. It works as an antibiotic and chemotherapy drug. Doctors prescribe bleomycin for lymphoma, testicular cancer, and cancers in the head or neck area.
Pharmacodynamics:
Bleomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic. It stops RNA, DNA, and protein production during the G2 and M cell cycle phases. Bleomycin disrupts these vital processes in cancer cells. This prevents cancer cells from growing and multiplying, leading to their destruction. This makes Bleomycin useful for treating various cancers.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
Bleomycin gets into the bloodstream quickly, around 45%.
Distribution
Inside the body, just 1% binds to proteins. It spreads out over 17 liters of space per square meter.
Metabolism
In the liver, Bleomycin breaks down.
Elimination and excretion
When it’s time to leave the body, 50-70% comes out in urine. But if you have bad kidney problems, less than 20% exits this way. Bleomycin doesn’t stay long, with a short half-life of 115 minutes.
Administration:
The vial’s contents must be mixed in normal saline (NS) to make a solution with 3 units/ml strength. Using this solution within 24 hours is advised. Give it into a muscle or vein. When injecting under the skin or into muscle, discomfort may occur at the injection site. Only give this medicine under a qualified healthcare provider’s supervision.
Generic Name: bleomycin
Pronunciation: BLEE-oh-MY-sin
Why do we use bleomycin?
Bleomycin is a drug used in chemotherapy. It’s helpful in treating certain cancers. This includes testicular cancer and also Hodgkin’s lymphoma. It works by damaging the DNA inside cancer cells. When the DNA gets damaged, the cells can’t survive. Bleomycin also treats some non-cancerous conditions of the skin. For example, it helps reduce warts and tumors. In these cases, bleomycin stops the cells.
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