Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Kefzol, Ancef
Synonyms :
cefazolin
Class :
1st Generation Cephalosporins
Brand Name :
Kefzol, Ancef
Synonyms :
cefazolin
Class :
1st Generation Cephalosporins
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Powder for injectionÂ
500mgÂ
1gÂ
2gÂ
10gÂ
20gÂ
100gÂ
300gÂ
Indicated for Recommended for mild to moderate Cholecystitis :
1 - 2
g
powder for injection
Intravenous (IV)
every 8 hours
4 - 7
days
1 to 2 g intravenously for 4-7 days
Indicated for Urinary Tract Infection Without Complications:
1
g
powder for injection
Intravenous (IV)
every 12 hrs
1g intravenously/intramuscularly 30-60minutes before the procedure
According to American Heart Association recommendations: High-risk individuals only should get endocarditis prophylaxis
(Off label):
Instill 1 drop into each affected eye every 1 to 2 hours
Antibiotics giving gram-negative coverage are routinely switched every other hour (e.g., tobramycin)
Dose Adjustments
Hepatic Impairment
No dosage adjustment needed
Renal Impairment
CrCl ≤10 mL/min: Administer therapeutic dosage every 24 hours
CrCl 10-35 mL/min: Provide therapeutic dosage every 12 hours
CrCl 35-54 mL/min: Administer the entire dosage at intervals of more than 8 hours
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
Powder for injectionÂ
500mgÂ
1gÂ
2gÂ
10gÂ
20gÂ
100gÂ
300gÂ
50mg/kg intravenously/intramuscularly 30-60 minutes prior to the procedure. Do not exceed 1g
According to American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations: High-risk individuals only should get endocarditis prophylaxis
Indicated for mild to severe infections:
>3 months:
150mg/kg/day intravenous/intramuscular divided every 8 hours
Refer adult dosingÂ
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may increase the toxic effect of cefazolin
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may increase the nephrotoxic effect of cephalosporins
may increase the nephrotoxic effect of cephalosporins
may increase the nephrotoxic effect of cephalosporins
may increase the nephrotoxic effect of cephalosporins
may increase the nephrotoxic effect of cephalosporins
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may increase the serum concentration of cefazolin
may increase the nephrotoxic effect of cephalosporins
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the serum concentration of cephalosporins
may decrease the therapeutic effect of antibiotics
It may diminish the excretion when combined with dexamethasone
it may diminish the excretion rate when combined with estradiol valerate resulting in a greater serum level
cefazolin has the potential to reduce the rate of excretion of idebenone, leading to an elevation in levels of serum
When loracarbef is used together with cefazolin, the risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity is enhanced
When cefazolin is used together with ouabain, this leads to reduction in cefazolin excretion
When cefmenoxime is used together with cefazolin, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefazolin is used together with proglumetacin, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefazolin is used together with benoxaprofen, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
cefazolin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of eucalyptus oil which leads to increased level of serum
cefazolin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of chromous sulfate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefazolin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of pentaerythritol tetranitrate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefazolin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of potassium perchlorate, which leads to an increased level of serum
cefazolin leads to a reduction in the rate of excretion of nitric oxide, which leads to an increased level of serum
When cefazolin is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
cefazolin may decrease the excretion rate of almasilate, leading to higher serum levels
cephalosporins increase the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
cephalosporins increase the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
cephalosporins increase the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
cephalosporins increase the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
cephalosporins increase the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
cefazolin might lead to a reduction in the rate of excretion of telavancin, potentially leading to elevated levels of serum
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Frequency not definedÂ
DiarrheaÂ
FeverÂ
LeukopeniaÂ
NeutropeniaÂ
AnorexiaÂ
EosinophiliaÂ
Increased transaminasesÂ
Nausea and vomitingÂ
Oral candidiasisÂ
Pain at the injection siteÂ
Pseudomembranous colitisÂ
Stevens-Johnson syndromeÂ
ThrombocytosisÂ
VaginitisÂ
PhlebitisÂ
SeizureÂ
ThrombocytopeniaÂ
Transient elevation of hepatic enzymesÂ
Post-marketing ReportsÂ
Acute tubulointerstitial nephritisÂ
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)Â
Serum sickness-like reactionÂ
Contraindications/caution:Â
Contraindications:Â
Caution:Â
Pregnancy consideration: Insufficient data availableÂ
Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy category:Â
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.  Â
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this categoryÂ
Pharmacology:Â
cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. It has a broad spectrum of activity against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Escherichia coliÂ
Pharmacodynamics:Â
cefazolin exerts its pharmacodynamic effect by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell death. Specifically, cefazolin binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the bacterial cell wall, thereby preventing the cross-linking of peptidoglycan strands, which are essential for the structural integrity of the cell wall. As a result, the bacterial cell wall becomes weak and eventually ruptures, leading to cell death Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
cefazolin is well absorbed after intramuscular injection, with a peak plasma time of approximately 1 hour. After intravenous injection, cefazolin rapidly distributes into the extracellular fluid, and peak plasma levels are achieved within 5 minutesÂ
DistributionÂ
cefazolin has a moderate distribution and is widely distributed in the body, with high concentrations achieved in bone, skin, and muscle tissue. However, it does not penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) well and is not generally used to treat central nervous system infectionsÂ
MetabolismÂ
cefazolin is highly protein-bound, with a protein binding rate of approximately 85%. It is minimally metabolized in the liver, with only a tiny amount of the drug undergoing metabolismÂ
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
Most cefazolin is eliminated unchanged in the urine, with a half-life of approximately 90-120 minutes in patients with normal renal functionÂ
Administration:Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: cefazolinÂ
Pronounced: (“sef-uh-ZOH-lin”)Â
Why do we use cefazolin?Â
cefazolin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic primarily used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. Some common uses of cefazolin include:Â
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