Long COVID Patterns in the RECOVER-Adult Study
November 21, 2025
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Brand Name :
fluorochem
Synonyms :
difenpiramide
Class :
NSAID
Brand Name :
fluorochem
Synonyms :
difenpiramide
Class :
NSAID
Dosage forms and strengths Â
In vivo, data suggests taking 1000 mg orally daily in two divided doses
The duration of treatment is around one month
Not indicatedÂ
Refer adult dosingÂ
When alendronic acid is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When antipyrine is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When antrafenine is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When azficel-T is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When balsalazide is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When bendazac is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When benorilate is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When benoxaprofen is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When benzydamine is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When bromfenac is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When bufexamac is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When bumadizone is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When carprofen is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
choline magnesium trisalicylateÂ
When choline magnesium trisalicylate is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When dexibuprofen is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When dexketoprofen is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to increased risk or seriousness of adverse events
When cefaclor is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefadroxil is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefalotin is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefamandole is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefapirin is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefazolin is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefditoren is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefepime is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefmenoxime is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefmetazole is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefonicid is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefoperazone is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When ceforanide is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefotaxime is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefotetan is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefotiam is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefoxitin is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefpiramide is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefpirome is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefpodoxime is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefprozil is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefradine is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When ceftazidime is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When ceftibuten is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When ceftizoxime is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When ceftobiprole is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When ceftriaxone is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cefuroxime is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cephalexin is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cephaloglycin is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When cidofovir is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
When colistimethate is used together with difenpiramide, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of nephrotoxicity
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Anti-inflammatory:Â
Difenpiramide primarily works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, particularly COX-1. By inhibiting COX, difenpiramide reduces the production of prostaglandins, leading to reduced inflammation.Â
Spectrum:Â
Rheumatoid arthritis: It effectively reduces pain, inflammation, and joint stiffness.Â
Osteoarthritis: It eases pain and improves joint function.Â
Acute musculoskeletal pain: It provides pain relief from sprains, strains, and other injuries.Â
Frequency not defined Â
Skin rash Â
HeadacheÂ
DizzinessÂ
Abdominal painÂ
DiarrheaÂ
VomitingÂ
NauseaÂ
Black Box Warning:Â Â
None Â
Contraindication/Caution:Â Â
History of hypersensitivity: People who have had an allergic reaction to difenpiramide or other NSAIDs should not take difenpiramide.Â
Active peptic ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding: Difenpiramide can irritate the stomach and intestines, and it can increase the risk of bleeding in people with active peptic ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding.Â
Heart disease, hepatic disease, or renal disease: Difenpiramide can worsen these conditions, so it should not be used in people with severe heart failure, liver disease, or kidney disease.Â
History of stroke or transient ischemic attack: Difenpiramide can increase the risk of stroke, so it should not be used in people with a history of stroke or TIA.Â
Pregnancy or breastfeeding: Difenpiramide can harm a developing baby, so it should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding.Â
Pregnancy warnings:    Â
Pregnancy category: N/AÂ
Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy Categories:        Â
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.Â
Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.  Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category
Pharmacology:
Difenpiramide is NSAID primarily used for musculoskeletal disorders.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â Â
Difenpiramide primarily works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, particularly COX-1. By inhibiting COX, difenpiramide reduces the production of prostaglandins, leading to its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
Difenpiramide is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations usually reached within 2-3 hours after oral administration.Â
DistributionÂ
It binds extensively to plasma proteins and distributes them into various tissues, including synovial fluid and inflamed tissues.Â
MetabolismÂ
Difenpiramide undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver, primarily through N-hydroxylation and conjugation.Â
Excretion and EliminationÂ
The metabolites are mainly eliminated in the urine, with a small portion eliminated in the feces.Â
Administration: Â
The route of administration is oral.Â
The healthcare provider determines the frequency and dose based on the condition being treated.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: difenpiramideÂ
Why do we use difenpiramide?Â
Difenpiramide was primarily used to manage pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic inflammatory joint disease.Â
Difenpiramide was used to manage pain and inflammation in osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease.Â
In the past, difenpiramide might have been used for managing pain and inflammation in other conditions like tendinitis and bursitis.Â
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