Microplastics and Misinformation: What Science Really Says
November 12, 2025
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Brand Name :
Penetrex
Synonyms :
enoxacin
Class :
Quinolones
Brand Name :
Penetrex
Synonyms :
enoxacin
Class :
Quinolones
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
TabletÂ
200mgÂ
400mgÂ
No data is availableÂ
Refer to the adult dosingÂ
enoxacin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
enoxacin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
enoxacin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
enoxacin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
enoxacin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
it increases the concentration of roflumilast in the serum
when bromazepam and enoxacin are used together, there is a potential reduction in the bromazepam's metabolism
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Fluroquinolones
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Fluroquinolones
It may diminish the metabolism when combined with Fluroquinolones
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Fluroquinolones
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Fluroquinolones
brompheniramine, dextromethorphan and phenylephrine
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Fluroquinolones
chlorpheniramine and phenylephrine
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Fluroquinolones
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Fluroquinolones
When enoxacin is used together with adenosine, this leads to enhanced risk or seriousness of QTc prolongation
enoxacin: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia with ambroxol
enoxacin: it may increase the therapeutic efficacy of with pheneticillin
may increase the QTc prolonging effect
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
may decrease the levels of serum concentration
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with nutraceuticals
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with nutraceuticals
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with nutraceuticals
When enoxacin is aided by hesperetin, it reduces hesperetin’s metabolism
when both the drugs are combined, the metabolism of carmustine decreases    
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Actions:Â
enoxacin inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes like other fluoroquinolone antibiotics. These enzymes are responsible for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair.Â
Spectrum:Â
enoxacin shows a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. However, its use has decreased over the years due to the development of bacterial resistance and the availability of newer, more effective antibiotics.Â
Frequency not definedÂ
CNS effectsÂ
GI disturbancesÂ
Reversible arthralgiaÂ
Hematological disturbancesÂ
Pain & irritationÂ
PhlebitisÂ
Tendon damageÂ
Black Box Warning:Â
NoneÂ
Contraindication/Caution:Â
Contraindication:Â
Caution:Â
Pregnancy consideration:Â Â
The drug is contraindicated during pregnancy.Â
Breastfeeding warnings:Â Â
The drug is contraindicated during lactation.Â
Pregnancy category:Â
Category A: Well-controlled and satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the initial or later trimester.Â
Category B: There was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.Â
Category C: There was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence, these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: No data is available for the drug under this category.Â
Pharmacology: Â
enoxacin exerts its antibacterial effects by inhibiting two crucial enzymes in bacteria, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. These enzymes are essential for replicating, repairing, and transcribing bacterial DNA. By inhibiting DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enoxacin disrupts the supercoiling of bacterial DNA, preventing bacterial replication and ultimately leading to bacterial cell death.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
enoxacin is well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract when taken orally. Food can reduce the rate of absorption, so it is often recommended to take enoxacin on an empty stomach.Â
DistributionÂ
enoxacin has a relatively broad distribution in the body, including various tissues and body fluids. It can cross the blood-brain barrier and achieve therapeutic concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid.Â
MetabolismÂ
enoxacin undergoes limited metabolism in the liver, primarily via the CYP1A2 enzyme. The primary metabolite, diethylene-enoxacin, is not considered pharmacologically active.Â
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
enoxacin and its metabolites are primarily eliminated from the body via the renal route. Unchanged enoxacin is excreted in the urine, which is the primary route for its elimination.Â
Administration:Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: enoxacinÂ
Pronounced as: en-oks-a-sinÂ
Why do we use enoxacin?Â
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