hyaluronic acid and derivatives

Action and Spectrum

Actions and Spectrum: 

Action: 

Hydration and Moisturization: Drug has the remarkable ability to retain water molecules, making it an excellent hydrating agent. It can hold up to 1,000 times its weight in water, thus helping to improve the skin’s hydration levels. This hydration property contributes to the maintenance of skin elasticity, suppleness, and a healthy appearance. 

Lubrication: Drug is present in synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant in joints. It provides cushioning and reduces friction between bones, allowing smooth movement.  

Spectrum: 

The spectrum of hyaluronic acid and its derivatives encompasses a wide range of applications, including skincare products, dermal fillers, ophthalmic solutions, oral supplements, wound dressings, orthopedic treatments, and biomedical research. The versatility and beneficial properties of HA make it a valuable substance in various industries and scientific fields. 

Drug Interaction

Adverse Reaction

Frequency defined  

>10% 

Lumps/bumps (56-83%) 

Firmness (86-89%) 

Skin discoloration (33-78%) 

Pruritus (25-36%) 

Bruising (52-87%) 

Firmness (88-89%) 

Swelling (81-91%) 

Tenderness (61-92%) 

Arthralgia (25%) 

1-10% 

Joint effusion (2%) 

Tendonitis (2%) 

Limb pain (1%) 

Tendonitis (2%) 

Paresthesia (1%) 

Injection site pain (3%) 

Nausea (<2%) 

Fatigue (1%) 

Increased blood pressure (4%) 

<1% 

Gait disturbances 

Hives 

Vasovagal reaction 

Peripheral edema 

Thrombocytopenia 

Herpetic eruptions 

Arthritis 

Angioedema 

Black Box Warning

Black Box Warning:  

None

Contraindication / Caution

Contraindication/Caution:  

Known allergy or hypersensitivity: Individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to hyaluronic acid or any of its components should avoid using products containing it.  

Active skin infection: If there is an active infection or inflammation at the injection site, the procedure should be postponed until the infection has resolved. Injecting hyaluronic acid into an infected area can worsen the infection or lead to complications. 

Bleeding disorders: People with bleeding disorders or those taking medications that affect blood clotting, such as anticoagulants, should use caution when considering hyaluronic acid injections. The procedure may increase the risk of bleeding and bruising at the injection site. 

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The safety of hyaluronic acid injections during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been adequately studied, so it is generally recommended to avoid these procedures during these periods to err on the side of caution. 

Autoimmune diseases: Individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, may have an increased risk of complications from hyaluronic acid injections. The immune response triggered by the injections could potentially worsen the underlying autoimmune condition. 

Skin disorders: Some skin conditions, such as eczema or psoriasis, may be aggravated by hyaluronic acid injections. It is important to discuss any pre-existing skin conditions with a healthcare professional before undergoing these procedures. 

Pre-existing medical conditions: People with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes or a history of keloid scarring, may require special consideration and closer monitoring during hyaluronic acid treatments. It is important to disclose all relevant medical information to the healthcare provider beforehand. 

Pregnancy / Lactation

Pregnancy warnings:     

Pregnancy category: N/A 

Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknown 

Pregnancy Categories:         

Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester. 

Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.   

Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.    

Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.   

Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.    

Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category

Pharmacology

Pharmacology: hyaluronic acid and its derivatives are widely used in various fields, including pharmacology and medicine 

Pharmacodynamics:  

Viscosupplementation: One of the main applications of hyaluronic acid derivatives in pharmacology is viscosupplementation. It involves the intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid derivatives, such as cross-linked hyaluronic acid, into the joints, particularly in osteoarthritis. These derivatives act as a lubricant and shock absorber, reducing pain, inflammation, and improving joint mobility. 

Wound Healing: hyaluronic acid and its derivatives help create a moist environment that promotes cell migration, proliferation, and tissue regeneration. Hyaluronic acid derivatives can be used topically as dressings or incorporated into various wound healing products, including gels, creams, and scaffolds.  

Pharmacokinetics: 

Absorption 

Due to its large size, it is not well absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract when taken orally. Therefore, oral administration of drug is generally not an effective route of delivery. 

Distribution 

When administered through non-oral routes such as intravenous injection, intra-articular injection, or topical application, hyaluronic acid and its derivatives can distribute within the body. They have been shown to penetrate various tissues, including the skin, joints, and eyes, depending on the specific formulation and delivery method. 

Metabolism 

hyaluronic acid is not metabolized in the body like traditional drugs. It undergoes enzymatic degradation primarily by the enzyme hyaluronidase, which breaks it down into smaller fragments. These smaller fragments are then further metabolized and eliminated. 

Excretion and Elimination: The elimination of hyaluronic acid and its derivatives primarily occurs through renal excretion. After degradation, the smaller fragments are filtered by the kidneys and excreted in the urine. The elimination half-life of hyaluronic acid can vary depending on the molecular weight and formulation. 

Adminstartion

Administration:  

Intra-articular Injections: drug injections are commonly used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease. The drug is injected directly into the affected joint to help lubricate and cushion the joint, reducing pain and improving mobility. This procedure is typically performed by a healthcare professional. 

Dermal Fillers: The filler is injected into the dermis or subcutaneous layer, providing temporary plumping and smoothing effects. Dermal filler injections are typically performed by dermatologists, plastic surgeons, or other qualified practitioners. 

Topical Applications: Drug is also available in various skincare products, including creams, serums, and masks. hyaluronic acid helps to hydrate and moisturize the skin, promoting a plumper and more youthful appearance. Topical hyaluronic acid can be used as a standalone product or as an ingredient in skincare formulations. 

Patient Information Leaflet

Patient information leaflet 

Generic Name: hyaluronic acid and derivatives 

Why do we use hyaluronic acid and derivatives?  

Dermal Fillers: Drug-based dermal fillers are widely used to reduce wrinkles, fine lines, and to add volume to the skin. The gel-like consistency of hyaluronic acid makes it an ideal substance for restoring facial volume and enhancing facial contours. 

Wound Healing: Dry has been used in various wound healing applications due to its ability to promote tissue repair and regeneration. It can be applied topically or used as a scaffold for tissue engineering to accelerate wound healing and reduce scar formation. 

Ophthalmic Solutions: Drug-based eye drops and ointments are used to provide lubrication and relieve symptoms of dry eyes. Drug’s high water-retention capacity helps keep the eyes moisturized and improve eye comfort. 

Joint Injections: Drug injections are commonly used to treat osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease. Intra-articular injections of drug can help lubricate and cushion the joints, reducing pain and improving joint mobility. 

Drug Delivery Systems: Drug can be modified or cross-linked to create drug delivery systems that provide controlled release of medications. This enables targeted delivery of drugs to specific sites in the body and can improve therapeutic outcomes.