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Brand Name :
Betaxon
(Canada) [Available]Synonyms :
levobetaxolol
Class :
Ophthalmic glaucoma agents
Brand Name :
Betaxon
(Canada) [Available]Synonyms :
levobetaxolol
Class :
Ophthalmic glaucoma agents
Dosage forms and strengths Â
Ophthalmic suspensionÂ
Glaucoma (Open Angle)Â
Give a single drop to the affected eye(s) two times a dayÂ
Give a single drop to the affected eye(s) two times a day
Not indicatedÂ
Refer adult dosingÂ
levobetaxolol: it may increase the risk of adverse effects with CYP3A4 inhibitors
levobetaxolol: it may increase the risk of adverse effects with CYP3A4 inhibitors
levobetaxolol: it may increase the risk of adverse effects with CYP3A4 inhibitors
levobetaxolol: it may increase the risk of adverse effects with CYP3A4 inhibitors
levobetaxolol: it may increase the risk of adverse effects with CYP3A4 inhibitors
Combining levobetaxolol and abatacept can enhance levobetaxolol’s metabolism
Combining levobetaxolol and acebutolol can diminish levobetaxolol’s metabolism
Combining levobetaxolol and abiraterone can diminish levobetaxolol’s metabolism
Combining levobetaxolol and acetaminophen can diminish levobetaxolol’s metabolism
Combining levobetaxolol and adagrasib can diminish levobetaxolol’s metabolism
Combining levobetaxolol and adalimumab can enhance levobetaxolol’s metabolism
Combining levobetaxolol and almotriptan can diminish levobetaxolol’s metabolism
Combining levobetaxolol and anakinra can enhance levobetaxolol’s metabolism
Combining levobetaxolol and amprenavir can diminish levobetaxolol’s metabolism
When used with levobetaxolol, acarbose can have an enhanced therapeutic effect
levobetaxolol's antihypertensive properties might be reduced by aceclofenac
levobetaxolol's antihypertensive properties might be reduced by acemetacin
When used with levobetaxolol, acetohexamide's therapeutic effectiveness can be enhanced
When combined with acetophenazine, levobetaxolol's serum levels might rise
acetylsalicylic acid may reduced levobetaxolol's antihypertensive effects
When used with levobetaxolol, albiglutide's therapeutic effectiveness may be improved
alfuzosin's orthostatic hypotensive effects might be enhanced by levobetaxolol
levobetaxolol's serum levels can rise when it is used with alimemazine
Combining aliskiren with levobetaxolol may enhance the risk or seriousness of hyperkalemia
When used with levobetaxolol, alogliptin's therapeutic effectiveness may be enhanced
ambenonium may enhance levobetaxolol's bradycardic effect
Combining amiloride with levobetaxolol may enhance the risk or seriousness of hyperkalemia
levobetaxolol's antihypertensive properties may be reduced by aminophenazone
Combining levobetaxolol with aminophylline may enhance the risk or seriousness of adverse events
When used with amiodarone, levobetaxolol's therapeutic effectiveness can be enhanced
Combining amitriptyline with levobetaxolol might reduce the amitriptyline metabolism
When ammonium chloride and levobetaxolol are combined, there is a potential increase in the risk or seriousness of hyperkalemia
When used with amobarbital, levobetaxolol's serum levels may reduced
When amodiaquine and levobetaxolol are combined, the risk or seriousness of QTc prolongation can be reduced
Combining amoxapine and levobetaxolol may reduce amoxapine’s metabolism
When used with amphetamine, levobetaxolol's therapeutic effectiveness may be diminished
levobetaxolol's antihypertensive properties may be reduced by antipyrine
levobetaxolol's antihypertensive effects might be reduced by antrafenine
When used with apremilast, levobetaxolol's metabolism can be enhanced
aprotinin might enhance levobetaxolol’s bradycardic effects
When used with levobetaxolol, arbutamine's therapeutic effectiveness may be diminished
When used with levobetaxolol, arformoterol's therapeutic effectiveness may be diminished
aripiprazole's orthostatic hypotensive effects may be enhanced by levobetaxolol
The orthostatic hypotensive effects of aripiprazole lauroxil may be enhanced by levobetaxolol
Combining acenocoumarol and levobupivacaine might reduce acenocoumarol’s metabolism
levobupivacaine and acetazolamide could enhance the risk or seriousness of methemoglobinemia
the bradycardic activity of levobetaxolol may be increased
When levobetaxolol is used together with oliceridine, this leads to reduction in oliceridine’s metabolism
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Action:Â
levobetaxol’s main action is to selectively block beta-adrenergic receptors in the eye, specifically the beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. By taking this action, the function of these receptors is diminished, leading to a decrease in the synthesis of aqueous humor, the fluid that fills the front part of the eye. This reduction in aqueous humor production leads to a decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP).Â
Spectrum:Â
Open-angle Glaucoma: levobetaxolol is used to lower intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma, the most common form of glaucoma. Â
Ocular Hypertension: Ocular hypertension is elevated intraocular pressure without optic nerve damage or visual field loss. levobetaxolol can be used to manage ocular hypertension to prevent the progression to glaucoma.Â
Frequency not defined Â
Cardiovascular: hypotension, Tachycardia, bradycardia, hypertension, heart blockÂ
Respiratory: Pharyngitis, bronchitis, dyspneaÂ
Gastrointestinal:  dyspepsia and constipationÂ
Black Box Warning:Â Â
None
Contraindication/Caution:Â Â
Hypersensitivity: levobetaxolol is contraindicated in persons who have displayed hypersensitivity or allergic responses to the drug or any of its constituents.Â
Bradycardia and Heart Block: Beta-blockers like levobetaxolol can slow down the heart rate, and they are generally contraindicated in individuals with bradycardia (slow heart rate) or heart block (a problem with the heart’s electrical signaling).Â
Severe Heart Failure: levobetaxolol should be used with caution or avoided in individuals with severe heart failure because it may further compromise heart function.Â
Diabetes: Beta-blockers can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) in individuals with diabetes, increasing the challenge of identifying and managing episodes of low blood sugar levels. They can also potentially affect insulin sensitivity.Â
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The safety of levobetaxolol during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been well-established, so it should be used only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks, and under the guidance of a healthcare provider.Â
Pregnancy warnings:    Â
Pregnancy category: CÂ
Lactation: Excreted into human milk is unknownÂ
Pregnancy Categories:        Â
Category A: Studies that were well-controlled and met expectations revealed no risk to the fetus in either the first or second trimester.Â
Category B: There were a lack of studies on pregnant women and no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal experiments.  Â
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.   Â
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.  Â
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.   Â
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category Â
Pharmacology:Â Â
levobetaxolol is a medication primarily used to treat glaucoma and ocular hypertension.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â Â
levobetaxolol is a selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. It competes with the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine for binding to beta-1 receptors on the ciliary epithelium of the eye. By blocking these receptors, levobetaxolol reduces aqueous humor production, lowering intraocular pressure. Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
AbsorptionÂ
When applied topically to the eye, it gets absorbed through the cornea and conjunctiva into the intraocular tissues. The extent of systemic absorption is relatively low due to the topical administration route, which helps minimize systemic side effects.Â
DistributionÂ
After absorption through the eye, levobetaxolol may reach systemic circulation to some extent. However, due to its ophthalmic use, the drug’s distribution throughout the body is limited. The drug primarily acts locally within the eye to reduce intraocular pressure.Â
MetabolismÂ
levobetaxolol undergoes hepatic (liver) metabolism, primarily mediated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. However, the extent of systemic metabolism is limited, as most of the drug’s effects occur locally within the eye. Â
Excretion and EliminationÂ
The metabolites of levobetaxolol and any unmetabolized drug are eliminated from the body through various routes. These include renal (kidney) excretion in the form of urine and, to a lesser extent, biliary excretion in the feces. The elimination half-life of levobetaxolol is around 3 to 6 hours, meaning that it takes this amount of time for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body.Â
Administration: Â
It is usually administered as an eye drop.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: levobetaxololÂ
Why do we use levobetaxolol? Â
Glaucoma: levobetaxolol finds application in reducing intraocular pressure, thereby aiding in the deceleration or avoidance of glaucoma advancement.Â
Ocular Hypertension: levobetaxolol is commonly prescribed to decrease intraocular pressure and mitigate the potential for glaucoma development in individuals diagnosed with ocular hypertension.Â
Open-Angle Glaucoma: levobetaxolol is commonly used to treat open-angle glaucoma, the most common form of glaucoma.Â
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