Performance Comparison of Microfluidic and Immunomagnetic Platforms for Pancreatic CTC Enrichment
November 15, 2025
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Brand Name :
Zimhi
Synonyms :
naloxone
Class :
Opioid Reversal Agents, Opioid Antagonists
Brand Name :
Zimhi
Synonyms :
naloxone
Class :
Opioid Reversal Agents, Opioid Antagonists
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Injectable solution-high dose
5mg/0.5mL in a prefilled syringe
Injectable solution
1mg/mL
0.4mg/mL
Administer 0.4 to 2 mg Intravenous/Intramuscularly/Subcutaneously.
Repeat every 2 to 3min whenever necessary.
Do not exceed 10 mg.
• If the desired reaction is not obtained after providing 10 mg cumulative total, consider alternative reasons for respiratory depression.
• Endotracheal (the least acceptable delivery method, with limited anecdotal evidence): 2-2.5 times the original intravenous dosage (0.8 to 5 mg). Until minimize abrupt withdrawal, use the lowest dosages (0.1 to 0.2 mg) for chronic opioid misuse; titrate until reversal of respiratory depression.
Continuous Intravenous infusion
Alternatively, deliver two-thirds of the original effective naloxone bolus hourly (0.25-6.25 mg/hr); administer half of the initial bolus dosage 15 minutes after starting the continuous intravenous (IV) infusion to prevent naloxone levels from dropping.
Zimhi High Dose
Administer 5 mg intramuscularly or subcutaneously into the anterolateral portion of the thigh (through clothes if required); if the kid is under one year old, compress the thigh muscle while you inject the dosage.
Additional dosages may be given every 2 to 3 minutes until EMS arrives.
Indicated for Treatment of Therapeutic Opioid Doses for Respiratory Depression
:
Administer 0.04-0.4 mg Intravenously, Intramuscularly, or Subcutaneously first; repeat as necessary to get the desired response; if the desired response is not seen after 0.8 mg total, explore other reasons for respiratory depression.
Opioid Postoperative Depression
Administer 0.1 to 0.2 mg intravenously every 2-3 minutes until the appropriate degree of reversal (i.e., adequate breathing and awareness without considerable discomfort).
Depending on the quantity, type (e.g., short-acting or long-acting), and duration of the last dosage delivered, it may be repeated within 1 to 2 hours; supplementary intramuscular doses have resulted in long-term effects.
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Injectable solution-high-dose
5mg/0.5mL in a prefilled syringe
Injectable solution
1mg/mL
0.4mg/mL
Reversal of post-anesthesia (acute) opioid
Neonates: Administer 0.01 mg/kg intravenously into the umbilical vein, Intramuscularly or Subcutaneously; if necessary, provide a repeat dose of 0.1 mg/kg.
Children: Administer 0.1 mg/kg Intravenously given once; this dose may be repeated.
Therapeutic opioid dosage reverses respiratory depression
Dosage from the manufacturer: Administer 0.005 to 0.01 mg; repeat every 2 to 3min whenever necessary dependent on reaction.
Dosage of AAP: 0.001 to 0.015 mg/kg/dose intravenously, titrated to effect
Acute opioid overdose
≤20 kg or <5 years: Administer 0.1 mg/kg/dose
Intravenously/Intramuscularly/Subcutaneously/Endotracheally; if needed, repeat every 2 to 3min whenever necessary; Do not exceed 2 mg/dose
>20 kg or ≥ five years: Administer 2 mg
Intravenously/Intramuscularly/Subcutaneously/Endotracheally; if needed, repeat every 2 to 3min whenever necessary
Zimhi High-Dose
Inject 5 mg intramuscularly or subcutaneously into the anterolateral portion of the thigh (through clothes if required); if the kid is under one year old, compress the thigh muscle while you inject the dosage.
Refer adult dosing
may increase the toxic effect of each other when combined
may increase the toxic effect of each other when combined
may increase the toxic effect of each other when combined
may increase the toxic effect of each other when combined
may increase the toxic effect of Opioid Antagonists
may increase the toxic effect of Opioid Antagonists
may affect the absorption of drugs when combined
may affect the absorption of drugs when combined
may affect the absorption of drugs when combined
may affect the absorption of drugs when combined
may affect the absorption of drugs when combined
may affect the absorption of drugs when combined
may affect the absorption of drugs when combined
may affect the absorption of drugs when combined
amoxicillin/omeprazole/rifabutin
may affect the absorption of drugs when combined
may affect the absorption of drugs when combined
it may diminish the excretion rate when combined with gadofosveset, resulting in an enhanced serum level
Actions and Spectrum
naloxone is an opioid antagonist which competes with opioids for opioid receptors in brain and other tissues thus occupying the receptors and preventing the opioid molecules from binding to them. In this way, naloxone unfolds the ability to reverse the effects of opioids, the effects such as respiratory depression and sedation, which may be potentially lethal in cases of overdose.
Opioid receptors are molecules that span the several parts of a neuron and the nervous system both in the central and the peripheral division. There are three primary types of opioid receptors: All letters are considered small letters: mu (μ), kappa (κ), and delta (δ).
naloxone is known to have higher affinity for the mu opioid receptors through which most of the opioid analgesic and respiratory depression properties occur.
Naloxone works through competing for the mu opioid receptors, which prevents the opioids from interacting with the receptors and thus the capacity of the opioids to suppress the freeing of other neurotransmitters such as serotonin and norepinephrine. Because the endorphin release cause inhibition of the solid effects from the opioids there is a fast counter activity of the respiratory oppression and other effects where the person is brought out of an opioid overdose.
Frequency not defined
Abdominal cramps
Cardiac arrest
Hypotension
Restlessness
Shivering
Yawning
Diaphoresis
Hot flash
Tremor
Rhinorrhea
Pulmonary edema
Diarrhea
Paresthesia
Ventricular tachycardia
Tonic-clonic seizures
Piloerection
Myalgia
Weakness
Sneezing
Black box warning
None
Contraindications/caution
It is contraindicated with known hypersensitivity and allergic reactions.
Pregnancy consideration:
There was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Pregnancy category: C
Lactation: Excretion of the drug in human breast milk is unknown
Pregnancy categories:
Category A: Satisfactory and well-controlled studies show no evidence of risk to the fetus in the first trimester or in the later trimester.
Category B: No evidence of risk to fetus found in animal reproduction studies and there are not enough studies on pregnant women.
Category C: Adverse effects on the fetus found with evidence in animal reproduction studies and no adequate evidence for an effect in humans, care must be taken for potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: There is adequate data available with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite potential risks may be used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category clearly outweigh risks over benefits. These category drugs should be prohibited for pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category.
Pharmacology
Naloxone competes with opioids in receptors for this reason it is described as an antagonist. It interacts selectively with the mu (μ), kappa (κ) and delta (δ) opioid receptors in the CNS and other tissues and thus competes with opioid agonists for these receptors. Naloxone quickly counteracts the effects produced by opioids such as respiratory suppression, drowsiness, and pain reduction.
Pharmacodynamics
It is an opioid receptor antagonist that is applied for management of opioid overdose cases. Due to the shorter half-life as compared to opioids, it may be required that the patient administers more than one dose. It is classified that naloxone is a drug with therapeutically toxic concentration and it does not affect those who are not opioid consumers. Patients receiving naloxone can get opioid withdrawal and one should be aware that it does not reverse all the symptoms when other agents are present.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
The onset of action is 2 minutes through intravenous route and 2 to 5 minutes when given Intramuscularly or Subcutaneously
AUC:
0-inf:
5-mg intramuscular dose: 26.6 ngâ‹…h/mL
2-mg intramuscular dose: 9.97 ngâ‹…h/mL
0-0.04 h:
5-mg dose: 0.02 ngâ‹…h/mL
2-mg dose: 0.01 ngâ‹…h/mL
0-0.08 h:
5-mg dose: 0.15 ngâ‹…h/mL
2-mg dose: 0.04 ngâ‹…h/mL
Distribution
It is distributed throughout the body and crosses blood-brain barrier.
Metabolism
Metabolized in liver
Elimination and Excretion
Eliminated through urine.
The half-life is 1.5 hours for 5-mg IM dose and 1.86 hours for 2-mg IM dose
Administration
It is given IV/IM/SC also available in injectable formulations.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: naloxone
Why do we use naloxone?
Naloxone helps to manage acute opioid poisoning and opioid induced respiratory depression in rapid and efficient manner.
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