Chondromyxoid fibroma is an uncommon benign bone tumor that usually develops in the metaphysis of the lower extremities. It mainly occurs in the younger generation, especially having a slight predilection for males.
On the histologic side, chondromyxoid fibroma is described by having cartilage-like tissue and gelatinous stroma. On a microscopic scale, it looks like quadratic nodules consisting of spindle-shaped or stellate cells surrounded by a myxoid matrix with islands of cartilage.
In health clinic centres, patients may exhibit local pain, swelling, or an enlarged mass. Radiologically, in imaging studies, chondromyxoid fibroma commonly presents as a solitary lesion and is shown as a well-demarcated, cystic (lytic) tumor with sclerotic edges.
Epidemiology
Chondromyxoid fibroma is a uncommon bone tumor which takes up not more than 1% of all primary bone tumors. The main age group involved is childhood and adolescent, who have the highest risk around the age between 20 and 30.
Chondromyxoid fibroma can occur at any age, though it appears mostly in persons in between the ages of 10 years old and 30 years old.
Anatomy
Pathophysiology
Developmental Abnormalities: It is believed that CMF is attributed to the inadequate bone formation and growth stages and the lack of mature bone formation. The tumor in the epiphyseal growth plate is commonly seen in immature individuals and the defect may be associated with endochondral ossification abnormality, the process that is involved with conversion of cartilage into bone during skeletal development.
Cellular Origin: CMF is a combination of chondroid (cartilaginous) and myxoid (gelatinous) tissues. It is about the precise subcellular origin of the CMF, but it is believed that it arises from mesenchymal stem cells that acquire differentiation along chondrogenic and myxoid lines. Distortion of the signalling tracks as a result in the differentiation and proliferation of the cells may possibly offer as a it relates to the CMF development.
Etiology
Cellular Abnormalities: Chondromyxoid fibroma has a chondrocyte (cartilage-producing cells) and myxoid (mucous-like) matrix within the tumor tissue, which is abnormal. The proposed hypothesis is that the disordered of cells mechanisms which deals with cartilage formation and maturation may be the underlying etiology of CMF.
Hormonal Factors: Some research studies indicated a possible association of certain hormones levels and the development of chondromyxoid fibroma when this cancer type observed in the long bones of lower legs occurs in adolescents with a lot of rapid growth and hormonal changes like during their puberty period.
Genetics
Prognostic Factors
The prognosis for chondromyxoid fibroma is good, especially with proper treatment. Tumour is interfered with curettage, which is usually followed with bone graft, and the dead space is filled in. Reoperation rates after surgery is not very uniform, they are usually low, and especially with complete lesion removal.
Clinical History
Age group: Chondromyxoid fibroma is a very rare benign bone tumor that mainly affects adolescents and young adults. The average age of patients with this tumor is between 10 and 30 years old. Although it mostly appears in infants and young children, this condition is sometimes seen in adults as well.
Physical Examination
Neurological assessment
Assessment of swelling and tenderness
Assessment of visible deformity
Age group
Associated comorbidity
The chondromyxoid fibroma is not directly linked to any activity or condition. There are no recognised risk factors associated with behaviour or underlying medical issues, and it only happens alone.
Associated activity
Acuity of presentation
Pain: Chondromyxoid fibroma is by far the most widespread symptom accompanied with pain. The discomfort may be specific to the area of the offending bone. It may be worse with activity or at rest.
Swelling: The area around the tumor may swell, especially if it is located near the surface of the bone.
Differential Diagnoses
Chondrosarcoma
Enchondroma
Chondroblastoma
Fibrous dysplasia
Giant cell tumor of bone
Laboratory Studies
Imaging Studies
Procedures
Histologic Findings
Staging
Treatment Paradigm
Diagnosis: Accurate diagnosis is one of the main aspects; oftentimes, through X-rays, CT scans, MRI, or other imaging modalities. The biopsy will be needed to make a definite diagnosis.
Treatment Planning: Once the diagnosis is complete, the attending physician makes treatment decisions that are influenced by parameters such as the size, location and the life and health status of the patient.
Surgical Resection: The first recognized therapy is an excision of tumor tissue by means of surgery. The aim of surgery is the complete removal of the tumor with the least possible damage to the healthy tissue and preservation of joint function. Tumor curettage (sometimes) constitutes one of the methods in this case.
Adjuvant Therapy: In several instances, even adjuvant treatments like radiation therapy or intralesional injections with agents including liquid nitrogen will be taken into consideration, particularly in circumstances where there is a suspicion that the tumor might not be completely scrapped off, or the risk of its recurrence is high.
Physical Environment: This include adjusting in the home or workplace to accommodate any issue related to mobility and limit the risk of falling.
Healthcare Environment: Allowing patients with a chondromyxoid tumor to have the nearest and high-quality healthcare treatment facilities and specialists who know how to treat this bone tumor well is a very crucial factor in managing the disease. The regular checkups and monitoring are necessary for tracking the tumor’s progression and if any intervention is needed it should be done.
Nutritional Environment: Although there is no diet that is believed to be a prevention or cure for chondromyxoid fibroma, a balanced diet can be the reason for the general good health and successful lifestyle. A diet with fruits, veggies, lean proteins, and whole grains will offer nutrients needed and support the healing.
Physical Activity Environment: Providing enough amount of the correct type of exercise can help preserve healthy bones and thereby improve the general fitness status as well. The level of participation and intensity of the exercises or physical therapies that will be used to help improve the condition and strengthen the muscles of a person will depend on his or her condition and treatment plan.
Use of NSAID’s in treating chondromyxoid fibroma
Ibuprofen: Patients with mild to severe pain should take ibuprofen as drug of choice. It reduces prostaglandin production, which in turn decreases inflammatory responses and discomfort.
Naproxen: It is used to treat mild to severe discomfort. By reducing cyclo-oxygenase activity, it lessens prostaglandin synthesis, reduces inflammatory reactions, and lessens pain.
Effectiveness of Analgesics in treating chondromyxoid fibroma
Acetaminophen: Drug of choice for pain in patients with reported hypersensitivity to NSAIDs, or any oral anticoagulants or upper gastrointestinal disease.
Hydrocodone and acetaminophen: It is specifically for persons suffering from moderate to severe pain.
Curettage and Bone Grafting: Primary treatment choice of this benign tumor is the open curettage. This process is rather arduous and necessitates the removal of lesions through scraping them out (curettage). It follows with bones grafting that is expected to contribute to bone tissue regeneration. The bone graft can be derived from the patient’s own body (autograft) or from a donor (allograft).
En Bloc Resection: In some cases where the tumor is large or there is a surgery risk to the very crucial organs like major blood vessels or nerves, an en bloc resection technique would be applied. This refers to removing the tumor in complete including the surrounding healthy tissue to achieve the complete mass excision. Reconstruction may be necessary depending on the amount of bone that is lost.
Diagnosis: The process is usually a clinical examination, alongside imaging studies (x-rays, MRI) and in most cases (that need to confirm with a diagnosis), and biopsy.
Treatment Planning: Then after the diagnosis, the physician will consider the tumor size, location, and degree of infection, as well as the health status and preferences of the patient, and develop individualized treatment plans accordingly.
Surgical Intervention: Surgery is the crucial treatment of chondromyxoid fibroma. The objective of surgery is to accurately remove the tumor and none of the surrounding healthy tissue, and to ensure all the normal functions remain as intact as possible to ensure the best patient’s outcome. In certain situations, this can be achieved by the following methods for example curettage (curing of the tumor by scraping) or en bloc resection (removal of the tumor alongside a margin of health tissue).
 Adjuvant Therapy (if necessary): Sometimes if the tumor is aggressive or has a high risk of recurrence, adjuvant therapies such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be used to decrease the likelihood of the tumor reappearing.
Rehabilitation: The intensity of surgery as well as any functional impairments involved, determine whether rehabilitation should be undertaken to help the patient to be stronger and functional again.
Chondromyxoid fibroma is an uncommon benign bone tumor that usually develops in the metaphysis of the lower extremities. It mainly occurs in the younger generation, especially having a slight predilection for males.
On the histologic side, chondromyxoid fibroma is described by having cartilage-like tissue and gelatinous stroma. On a microscopic scale, it looks like quadratic nodules consisting of spindle-shaped or stellate cells surrounded by a myxoid matrix with islands of cartilage.
In health clinic centres, patients may exhibit local pain, swelling, or an enlarged mass. Radiologically, in imaging studies, chondromyxoid fibroma commonly presents as a solitary lesion and is shown as a well-demarcated, cystic (lytic) tumor with sclerotic edges.
Chondromyxoid fibroma is a uncommon bone tumor which takes up not more than 1% of all primary bone tumors. The main age group involved is childhood and adolescent, who have the highest risk around the age between 20 and 30.
Chondromyxoid fibroma can occur at any age, though it appears mostly in persons in between the ages of 10 years old and 30 years old.
Developmental Abnormalities: It is believed that CMF is attributed to the inadequate bone formation and growth stages and the lack of mature bone formation. The tumor in the epiphyseal growth plate is commonly seen in immature individuals and the defect may be associated with endochondral ossification abnormality, the process that is involved with conversion of cartilage into bone during skeletal development.
Cellular Origin: CMF is a combination of chondroid (cartilaginous) and myxoid (gelatinous) tissues. It is about the precise subcellular origin of the CMF, but it is believed that it arises from mesenchymal stem cells that acquire differentiation along chondrogenic and myxoid lines. Distortion of the signalling tracks as a result in the differentiation and proliferation of the cells may possibly offer as a it relates to the CMF development.
Cellular Abnormalities: Chondromyxoid fibroma has a chondrocyte (cartilage-producing cells) and myxoid (mucous-like) matrix within the tumor tissue, which is abnormal. The proposed hypothesis is that the disordered of cells mechanisms which deals with cartilage formation and maturation may be the underlying etiology of CMF.
Hormonal Factors: Some research studies indicated a possible association of certain hormones levels and the development of chondromyxoid fibroma when this cancer type observed in the long bones of lower legs occurs in adolescents with a lot of rapid growth and hormonal changes like during their puberty period.
The prognosis for chondromyxoid fibroma is good, especially with proper treatment. Tumour is interfered with curettage, which is usually followed with bone graft, and the dead space is filled in. Reoperation rates after surgery is not very uniform, they are usually low, and especially with complete lesion removal.
Age group: Chondromyxoid fibroma is a very rare benign bone tumor that mainly affects adolescents and young adults. The average age of patients with this tumor is between 10 and 30 years old. Although it mostly appears in infants and young children, this condition is sometimes seen in adults as well.
Neurological assessment
Assessment of swelling and tenderness
Assessment of visible deformity
The chondromyxoid fibroma is not directly linked to any activity or condition. There are no recognised risk factors associated with behaviour or underlying medical issues, and it only happens alone.
Pain: Chondromyxoid fibroma is by far the most widespread symptom accompanied with pain. The discomfort may be specific to the area of the offending bone. It may be worse with activity or at rest.
Swelling: The area around the tumor may swell, especially if it is located near the surface of the bone.
Chondrosarcoma
Enchondroma
Chondroblastoma
Fibrous dysplasia
Giant cell tumor of bone
Diagnosis: Accurate diagnosis is one of the main aspects; oftentimes, through X-rays, CT scans, MRI, or other imaging modalities. The biopsy will be needed to make a definite diagnosis.
Treatment Planning: Once the diagnosis is complete, the attending physician makes treatment decisions that are influenced by parameters such as the size, location and the life and health status of the patient.
Surgical Resection: The first recognized therapy is an excision of tumor tissue by means of surgery. The aim of surgery is the complete removal of the tumor with the least possible damage to the healthy tissue and preservation of joint function. Tumor curettage (sometimes) constitutes one of the methods in this case.
Adjuvant Therapy: In several instances, even adjuvant treatments like radiation therapy or intralesional injections with agents including liquid nitrogen will be taken into consideration, particularly in circumstances where there is a suspicion that the tumor might not be completely scrapped off, or the risk of its recurrence is high.
Orthopaedic Surgery
Physical Environment: This include adjusting in the home or workplace to accommodate any issue related to mobility and limit the risk of falling.
Healthcare Environment: Allowing patients with a chondromyxoid tumor to have the nearest and high-quality healthcare treatment facilities and specialists who know how to treat this bone tumor well is a very crucial factor in managing the disease. The regular checkups and monitoring are necessary for tracking the tumor’s progression and if any intervention is needed it should be done.
Nutritional Environment: Although there is no diet that is believed to be a prevention or cure for chondromyxoid fibroma, a balanced diet can be the reason for the general good health and successful lifestyle. A diet with fruits, veggies, lean proteins, and whole grains will offer nutrients needed and support the healing.
Physical Activity Environment: Providing enough amount of the correct type of exercise can help preserve healthy bones and thereby improve the general fitness status as well. The level of participation and intensity of the exercises or physical therapies that will be used to help improve the condition and strengthen the muscles of a person will depend on his or her condition and treatment plan.
Orthopaedic Surgery
Ibuprofen: Patients with mild to severe pain should take ibuprofen as drug of choice. It reduces prostaglandin production, which in turn decreases inflammatory responses and discomfort.
Naproxen: It is used to treat mild to severe discomfort. By reducing cyclo-oxygenase activity, it lessens prostaglandin synthesis, reduces inflammatory reactions, and lessens pain.
Orthopaedic Surgery
Acetaminophen: Drug of choice for pain in patients with reported hypersensitivity to NSAIDs, or any oral anticoagulants or upper gastrointestinal disease.
Hydrocodone and acetaminophen: It is specifically for persons suffering from moderate to severe pain.
Orthopaedic Surgery
Curettage and Bone Grafting: Primary treatment choice of this benign tumor is the open curettage. This process is rather arduous and necessitates the removal of lesions through scraping them out (curettage). It follows with bones grafting that is expected to contribute to bone tissue regeneration. The bone graft can be derived from the patient’s own body (autograft) or from a donor (allograft).
En Bloc Resection: In some cases where the tumor is large or there is a surgery risk to the very crucial organs like major blood vessels or nerves, an en bloc resection technique would be applied. This refers to removing the tumor in complete including the surrounding healthy tissue to achieve the complete mass excision. Reconstruction may be necessary depending on the amount of bone that is lost.
Orthopaedic Surgery
Diagnosis: The process is usually a clinical examination, alongside imaging studies (x-rays, MRI) and in most cases (that need to confirm with a diagnosis), and biopsy.
Treatment Planning: Then after the diagnosis, the physician will consider the tumor size, location, and degree of infection, as well as the health status and preferences of the patient, and develop individualized treatment plans accordingly.
Surgical Intervention: Surgery is the crucial treatment of chondromyxoid fibroma. The objective of surgery is to accurately remove the tumor and none of the surrounding healthy tissue, and to ensure all the normal functions remain as intact as possible to ensure the best patient’s outcome. In certain situations, this can be achieved by the following methods for example curettage (curing of the tumor by scraping) or en bloc resection (removal of the tumor alongside a margin of health tissue).
 Adjuvant Therapy (if necessary): Sometimes if the tumor is aggressive or has a high risk of recurrence, adjuvant therapies such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be used to decrease the likelihood of the tumor reappearing.
Rehabilitation: The intensity of surgery as well as any functional impairments involved, determine whether rehabilitation should be undertaken to help the patient to be stronger and functional again.
Chondromyxoid fibroma is an uncommon benign bone tumor that usually develops in the metaphysis of the lower extremities. It mainly occurs in the younger generation, especially having a slight predilection for males.
On the histologic side, chondromyxoid fibroma is described by having cartilage-like tissue and gelatinous stroma. On a microscopic scale, it looks like quadratic nodules consisting of spindle-shaped or stellate cells surrounded by a myxoid matrix with islands of cartilage.
In health clinic centres, patients may exhibit local pain, swelling, or an enlarged mass. Radiologically, in imaging studies, chondromyxoid fibroma commonly presents as a solitary lesion and is shown as a well-demarcated, cystic (lytic) tumor with sclerotic edges.
Chondromyxoid fibroma is a uncommon bone tumor which takes up not more than 1% of all primary bone tumors. The main age group involved is childhood and adolescent, who have the highest risk around the age between 20 and 30.
Chondromyxoid fibroma can occur at any age, though it appears mostly in persons in between the ages of 10 years old and 30 years old.
Developmental Abnormalities: It is believed that CMF is attributed to the inadequate bone formation and growth stages and the lack of mature bone formation. The tumor in the epiphyseal growth plate is commonly seen in immature individuals and the defect may be associated with endochondral ossification abnormality, the process that is involved with conversion of cartilage into bone during skeletal development.
Cellular Origin: CMF is a combination of chondroid (cartilaginous) and myxoid (gelatinous) tissues. It is about the precise subcellular origin of the CMF, but it is believed that it arises from mesenchymal stem cells that acquire differentiation along chondrogenic and myxoid lines. Distortion of the signalling tracks as a result in the differentiation and proliferation of the cells may possibly offer as a it relates to the CMF development.
Cellular Abnormalities: Chondromyxoid fibroma has a chondrocyte (cartilage-producing cells) and myxoid (mucous-like) matrix within the tumor tissue, which is abnormal. The proposed hypothesis is that the disordered of cells mechanisms which deals with cartilage formation and maturation may be the underlying etiology of CMF.
Hormonal Factors: Some research studies indicated a possible association of certain hormones levels and the development of chondromyxoid fibroma when this cancer type observed in the long bones of lower legs occurs in adolescents with a lot of rapid growth and hormonal changes like during their puberty period.
The prognosis for chondromyxoid fibroma is good, especially with proper treatment. Tumour is interfered with curettage, which is usually followed with bone graft, and the dead space is filled in. Reoperation rates after surgery is not very uniform, they are usually low, and especially with complete lesion removal.
Age group: Chondromyxoid fibroma is a very rare benign bone tumor that mainly affects adolescents and young adults. The average age of patients with this tumor is between 10 and 30 years old. Although it mostly appears in infants and young children, this condition is sometimes seen in adults as well.
Neurological assessment
Assessment of swelling and tenderness
Assessment of visible deformity
The chondromyxoid fibroma is not directly linked to any activity or condition. There are no recognised risk factors associated with behaviour or underlying medical issues, and it only happens alone.
Pain: Chondromyxoid fibroma is by far the most widespread symptom accompanied with pain. The discomfort may be specific to the area of the offending bone. It may be worse with activity or at rest.
Swelling: The area around the tumor may swell, especially if it is located near the surface of the bone.
Chondrosarcoma
Enchondroma
Chondroblastoma
Fibrous dysplasia
Giant cell tumor of bone
Diagnosis: Accurate diagnosis is one of the main aspects; oftentimes, through X-rays, CT scans, MRI, or other imaging modalities. The biopsy will be needed to make a definite diagnosis.
Treatment Planning: Once the diagnosis is complete, the attending physician makes treatment decisions that are influenced by parameters such as the size, location and the life and health status of the patient.
Surgical Resection: The first recognized therapy is an excision of tumor tissue by means of surgery. The aim of surgery is the complete removal of the tumor with the least possible damage to the healthy tissue and preservation of joint function. Tumor curettage (sometimes) constitutes one of the methods in this case.
Adjuvant Therapy: In several instances, even adjuvant treatments like radiation therapy or intralesional injections with agents including liquid nitrogen will be taken into consideration, particularly in circumstances where there is a suspicion that the tumor might not be completely scrapped off, or the risk of its recurrence is high.
Orthopaedic Surgery
Physical Environment: This include adjusting in the home or workplace to accommodate any issue related to mobility and limit the risk of falling.
Healthcare Environment: Allowing patients with a chondromyxoid tumor to have the nearest and high-quality healthcare treatment facilities and specialists who know how to treat this bone tumor well is a very crucial factor in managing the disease. The regular checkups and monitoring are necessary for tracking the tumor’s progression and if any intervention is needed it should be done.
Nutritional Environment: Although there is no diet that is believed to be a prevention or cure for chondromyxoid fibroma, a balanced diet can be the reason for the general good health and successful lifestyle. A diet with fruits, veggies, lean proteins, and whole grains will offer nutrients needed and support the healing.
Physical Activity Environment: Providing enough amount of the correct type of exercise can help preserve healthy bones and thereby improve the general fitness status as well. The level of participation and intensity of the exercises or physical therapies that will be used to help improve the condition and strengthen the muscles of a person will depend on his or her condition and treatment plan.
Orthopaedic Surgery
Ibuprofen: Patients with mild to severe pain should take ibuprofen as drug of choice. It reduces prostaglandin production, which in turn decreases inflammatory responses and discomfort.
Naproxen: It is used to treat mild to severe discomfort. By reducing cyclo-oxygenase activity, it lessens prostaglandin synthesis, reduces inflammatory reactions, and lessens pain.
Orthopaedic Surgery
Acetaminophen: Drug of choice for pain in patients with reported hypersensitivity to NSAIDs, or any oral anticoagulants or upper gastrointestinal disease.
Hydrocodone and acetaminophen: It is specifically for persons suffering from moderate to severe pain.
Orthopaedic Surgery
Curettage and Bone Grafting: Primary treatment choice of this benign tumor is the open curettage. This process is rather arduous and necessitates the removal of lesions through scraping them out (curettage). It follows with bones grafting that is expected to contribute to bone tissue regeneration. The bone graft can be derived from the patient’s own body (autograft) or from a donor (allograft).
En Bloc Resection: In some cases where the tumor is large or there is a surgery risk to the very crucial organs like major blood vessels or nerves, an en bloc resection technique would be applied. This refers to removing the tumor in complete including the surrounding healthy tissue to achieve the complete mass excision. Reconstruction may be necessary depending on the amount of bone that is lost.
Orthopaedic Surgery
Diagnosis: The process is usually a clinical examination, alongside imaging studies (x-rays, MRI) and in most cases (that need to confirm with a diagnosis), and biopsy.
Treatment Planning: Then after the diagnosis, the physician will consider the tumor size, location, and degree of infection, as well as the health status and preferences of the patient, and develop individualized treatment plans accordingly.
Surgical Intervention: Surgery is the crucial treatment of chondromyxoid fibroma. The objective of surgery is to accurately remove the tumor and none of the surrounding healthy tissue, and to ensure all the normal functions remain as intact as possible to ensure the best patient’s outcome. In certain situations, this can be achieved by the following methods for example curettage (curing of the tumor by scraping) or en bloc resection (removal of the tumor alongside a margin of health tissue).
 Adjuvant Therapy (if necessary): Sometimes if the tumor is aggressive or has a high risk of recurrence, adjuvant therapies such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be used to decrease the likelihood of the tumor reappearing.
Rehabilitation: The intensity of surgery as well as any functional impairments involved, determine whether rehabilitation should be undertaken to help the patient to be stronger and functional again.
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