Anthropometric Measurements as Predictors of Low Birth Weight Among Tanzanian Neonates: A Hospital-Based Study
November 7, 2025
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Brand Name :
Keflin
Synonyms :
cefalotin, ceftina
Class :
Cephalosporins First generation and Beta Lactam
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
InjectionÂ
1 gÂ
2 gÂ
1 g/50 mLÂ Â
2 g/50 mLÂ
500 mg to 1 g IV or IM every 4 to 6 hours for uncomplicated infections
1 g IV or IM every 6 hours or 500 mg every 4 hours for severe infections
2 g IV or IM every 4 hours for life threatening infections
Surgical Prophylaxis
For preoperative 1 to 2 g IV 30 to 60 minutes prior to incision
During surgery 1 to 2 g IV for intraoperative
For Postoperative 1 to 2 g IV every 6 hours for up to 24 hours
Dosage Forms & StrengthsÂ
InjectionÂ
1 gÂ
2 gÂ
1 g/50 mLÂ Â
2 g/50 mLÂ
Surgical Prophylaxis
20 to 30 mg/kg IV 30 to 60 minutes prior to incision for preoperative
20 to 30 mg/kg IV during surgery for intraoperative
20 to 30 mg/kg IV every 6 hours for up to 24 hours for postoperative
Refer to the adult dosingÂ
may enhance the serum concentration of each other when combined
may enhance the serum concentration of each other when combined
may enhance the serum concentration of each other when combined
may enhance the serum concentration of each other when combined
may enhance the serum concentration of each other when combined
may diminish the rate of excretion leading to a higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion leading to a higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion leading to a higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion leading to a higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion leading to a higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion leading to a higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion leading to a higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion leading to a higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion leading to a higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion leading to a higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion which results in higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion which results in higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion which results in higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion which results in higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion which results in higher serum level
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
cephalosporins increase the effect of anticoagulation of vitamin K antagonists
may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of aminoglycosides
may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of aminoglycosides
may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of aminoglycosides
may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of aminoglycosides
may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of aminoglycosides
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with Cephalothin
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with Cephalothin
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with Cephalothin
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with Cephalothin
may have an increasingly adverse effect when combined with Cephalothin
other antiplatelet agents increase the toxicity of cephalothin
other antiplatelet agents increase the toxicity of cephalothin
they increase the effect of nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
they increase the effect of nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Barbiturates
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Barbiturates
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Barbiturates
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Barbiturates
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Barbiturates
cephalothin: it may enhance the toxic effect of Anti-Inflammatory Agents
cephalothin: it may enhance the toxic effect of Anti-Inflammatory Agents
aspirin, chlorpheniramine, and phenylephrine
cephalothin: it may enhance the toxic effect of Anti-Inflammatory Agents
cephalothin: it may enhance the toxic effect of Anti-Inflammatory Agents
cephalothin: it may enhance the toxic effect of Anti-Inflammatory Agents
may diminish the rate of excretion which results in higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion which results in higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion which results in higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion which results in higher serum level
may diminish the rate of excretion which results in higher serum level
may diminish the therapeutic effect of methotrexate
cephalosporins increase the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
cephalosporins increase the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
cephalosporins increase the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
cephalosporins increase the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
cephalosporins increase the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides
it increases the nephrotoxicity of cephalosporins
it increases the concentration of cephalosporins in the serum
may increase the nephrotoxic effect
may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of rifampin
may have an increased nephrotoxic effect when combined with colistimethate
It may enhance the risk of adverse effects when combined with Cephalosporins
may increase the nephrotoxic effect of cephalosporins
neomycin/polymyxin B/bacitracin topical
may increase the nephrotoxic effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
may increase the anticoagulant effect of cephalosporins
Actions and Spectrum:Â
Actions:Â
cephalothin, like other cephalosporins, works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. This mechanism occurs through the binding of Cephalothin to particular proteins known as penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which play a role in the concluding phases of bacterial cell wall formation. This binding interferes with the formation of peptidoglycan, a key component of the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell wall disruption and eventual bacterial cell death.Â
Spectrum:Â
cephalothin has a broad-spectrum of activity against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. However, its effectiveness is generally limited to certain types of bacteria, and it may not be effective against some resistant strains.Â
Gram-Positive Bacteria:Â
cephalothin is effective against various gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae.Â
Gram-Negative Bacteria:Â
cephalothin also has activity against some gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Haemophilus influenzae.Â
Frequency not definedÂ
Hypersensitivity reactionsÂ
NephrotoxicityÂ
Aplastic anemiaÂ
Black Box Warning:Â
None
Contraindication/Caution:Â
ContraindicationsÂ
CautionsÂ
Pregnancy consideration:Â Â
US FDA Pregnancy category: BÂ
Breastfeeding warnings:Â Â
Excreted in human milk in small amounts.Â
Pregnancy category:Â Â
Pharmacology:Â
cephalothin, like other cephalosporins, works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. It does this by binding to specific proteins called penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that are involved in the final stages of bacterial cell wall synthesis. This binding interferes with the formation of peptidoglycan, a key component of the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell wall disruption and eventual bacterial cell death.Â
Pharmacodynamics:Â
The pharmacodynamics of cephalothin, its pharmacodynamics involve its antimicrobial effects on bacteria.Â
Here are the key pharmacodynamic aspects of cephalothin:Â
cephalothin, like other beta-lactam antibiotics, exhibits time-dependent bactericidal activity. This means that the effectiveness of the drug in killing bacteria is directly related to the time the drug concentration remains above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the target bacteria.Â
Pharmacokinetics:Â
Absorption Â
cephalothin is absorbed into the bloodstream.Â
DistributionÂ
cephalothin binds to plasma proteins, primarily albumin.Â
The volume of distribution of cephalothin is 0.2 to 0.3 L/kg.Â
Metabolism Â
cephalothin is minimally metabolized within the body.Â
Elimination and ExcretionÂ
The half-life is 0.5 to 1 hour.Â
cephalothin is excreted unchanged in the urine by the kidneys.Â
A minor portion of cephalothin is excreted into the bile and eliminated via the feces.Â
Administration:Â
cephalothin is administered via intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) routes. The choice of administration route depends on the specific circumstances, the severity of the infection being treated, and the patient’s condition.Â
Patient information leafletÂ
Generic Name: cephalothinÂ
Pronounced: sef-uh-loh-thinÂ
Why do we use cephalothin?Â
cephalothin is used primarily as an antibiotic to treat bacterial infections. It belongs to the cephalosporin class of antibiotics, specifically the first generation of cephalosporins.Â
cephalothin is effective against a wide range of bacterial infections caused by susceptible organisms. It is used to treat infections of various body systems, including respiratory, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue, bones and joints, and others.Â
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