Genomic Study Maps Shared Risk Factors for 14 Psychiatric Disorders
December 14, 2025
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Brand Name :
Antepar, Avizine
Synonyms :
piperazine
Class :
Anthelmintics
Brand Name :
Antepar, Avizine
Synonyms :
piperazine
Class :
Anthelmintics
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Suspension
600 mg/5 ml
Solution
20 gm
Syrup
15 gm
Take a dose of 1.8 gm orally every four hours for a total of three doses daily
This treatment may be repeated in two weeks
Take a dose of 3.5 gm orally daily for consecutive two days
This treatment may be repeated in one week
Dosage Forms & Strengths
Suspension
600 mg/5 ml
Solution
20 gm
Syrup
15 gm
for 2 years old:
Take a dose of 600 mg orally in every four hours for a total of three doses daily
for 2 to 8 years old:
Take a dose of 1.2 gm orally in every six hours for a total of two doses daily
for 8 to 14 years old:
Take a dose of 1.2 gm orally in every four hours for a total of three doses daily
Refer to adult dosing
piperazine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
piperazine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
piperazine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
piperazine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
piperazine: it may increase the risk of methemoglobinemia associated agents
When encainide is used together with piperazine, this leads to a reduction in the encainide’s metabolism
acarbose: it may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of piperazine
acebutolol: it may decrease the metabolism of piperazine
acetaminophen: it may decrease the metabolism of piperazine
acetohexamide: it may decrease the metabolism of piperazine
albiglutide: it may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of piperazine
bepridil: it may decrease the metabolism of piperazine
berotralstat: it may decrease the metabolism of piperazine
betaxolol: it may decrease the metabolism of piperazine
bexagliflozin: it may decrease the therapeutic efficacy of piperazine
biperiden: it may increase the metabolism of piperazine
bortezomib: it may decrease the metabolism of piperazine
abatacept: it may increase the metabolism of pipotiazine
Actions and Spectrum
piperazine is a GABA receptor agonist. It binds directly and specifically to the GABA receptors on muscle membranes and leading to the hyperpolarization of nerve endings and the worm’s flaccid paralysis. The worm is paralysed, but regular intestinal peristalsis causes it to be displaced from the intestinal lumen and removed live from the body.
Frequency not defined
Blurred vision
Nystagmus
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
Hypersensitivity reactions
Ataxia
Headache
Dizziness
Drowsiness
Myoclonic contractions
Choreiform movements
Tremor
Seizure
Hyporeflexia
Confusion
Black Box Warning
None
Contraindication/Caution:
Contraindication:
Caution:
Pregnancy consideration:
Pregnancy category: N/A
Lactation: Excretion into human milk is unknown
Pregnancy Categories:
Category A: well-controlled and Satisfactory studies show no risk to the fetus in the first or later trimester.
Category B: there was no evidence of risk to the fetus in animal studies, and there were not enough studies on pregnant women.
Category C: there was evidence of risk of adverse effects in animal reproduction studies, and no adequate evidence in human studies must take care of potential risks in pregnant women.
Category D: adequate data with sufficient evidence of human fetal risk from various platforms, but despite the potential risk, and used only in emergency cases for potential benefits.
Category X: Drugs listed in this category outweigh the risks over benefits. Hence these categories of drugs need to be avoided by pregnant women.
Category N: There is no data available for the drug under this category.
Pharmacology
piperazine leads to the hyperpolarization of the muscle cell membrane, preventing the normal transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contractions.
Pharmacodynamics
piperazine binds with GABA receptors which are located on the muscle cells of parasitic worms. These receptors are involved in regulating the transmission of nerve signals within the parasite’s nervous system.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
piperazine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration.
Distribution
piperazine is distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream.
Metabolism
piperazine undergoes minimal metabolism in the body.
Elimination and excretion
piperazine is excreted from the body through the renal route.
Administration
piperazine is administered orally and is available in forms like solution, syrup, and liquid suspensions.
Patient information leaflet
Generic Name: piperazine
Why do we use piperazine?
piperazine is used to treat intestinal parasitic infections, particularly roundworms and pinworms.
piperazine is also used to treat partial intestinal obstruction by the common roundworm, a condition primarily occurring in children.
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